What is Chemistry?

ChemistryChemistry is the study of matter and how matter changes.

What is Matter?

MatterMatter is what everything ismade of: stuff, material

(it has mass and takes up space)

How can we tell one type of matter from another?

a diamond from a fake?

Scientists broke all matter into its smallest parts-- ATOMSATOMS!

Matter made of just one type of atom is called an ELEMENTELEMENT, andhas a unique mass to identify it.

You already know many elements!

Copper

Nickel

Aluminum

Neon Gold

Chlorine

Metals, Metalloids and Non-Metals

Pre-Periodic Table Chemistry …

…was a mess!!!

No organization of elements.

Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Table

HOW HIS WORKED… Elements in rows

(periods) by increasing atomic weight.

Elements in columns (families) by the way they reacted.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Medeleeff_by_repin.jpg

Groups are also called families. They are vertical columns.

Periods are horizontal rows.

When the elements are arrangedin order of mass and properties,they form the Periodic Table!

* Note how we abbreviate each element?

Dmitrii Mendeleev (said Mendelayev)came up with this layout idea in 1872.

There are 3 main categories we need to know:Metals, Metalloids, and Non-Metals

Metals:Metals:

• Left/Middle of Periodic Table• Shiny, metallic• Conduct heat and electricity• Malleable and ductile (reshape)

Copper

Nickel

Aluminum

Gold

Silver Mercury

Shade everything to the left of the staircase on your periodic table Orange. If it is touching the staircase do NOT color it. You should also leave Hydrogen blank. (32, 51 & 84 should be left blank)

Key

= Metals

Metalloids:Metalloids:

• Zigzag on Periodic Table where metals and nonmetals meet

• Mostly shiny, metallic looking• Only semi-conductive• Often combined with non-metals

Metalloids are located between metals and nonmetals. All elements that are touching the staircase (above or below) with the exception of Aluminum are Metalloids.

Color all Metalloids blue, add to your key.

Key

= Metals

= Metalloids

Non-Metals:Non-Metals:

• Right side of Period Table• Not shiny, many are GAS• Not conductive at all• Crumble or break if solid

(non-malleable/ductile)

NeonHelium

Iodine Chlorine Carbon Sulfur

Nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table. Color all non-metals green and add to your key.

Key

= Metals

= Metalloids

= Non-Metals