The Periodic Table of ElementsThe Periodic Table of Elements 1870 Dimitri Mendeleev1870 Dimitri Mendeleev 11stst orderly arrangement of orderly arrangement of

elementselements Not all elements fit in orderNot all elements fit in order Left blanks were elements Left blanks were elements

could becould be

IUPAC – most common versionIUPAC – most common version PeriodPeriod – rows of increasing atomic mass – rows of increasing atomic mass GroupGroup – columns of elements with similar – columns of elements with similar

propertiesproperties 3 types of elements3 types of elements::

Metals – good conductors; most elementsMetals – good conductors; most elements Nonmetals – far right hand sideNonmetals – far right hand side

Semiconductors/metalloids – stair step in between; Semiconductors/metalloids – stair step in between; conductors some situationsconductors some situations

The Main Groups of The Main Groups of ElementsElements

““Representative Elements”Representative Elements”

Metals, Nonmetals, MetalloidsMetals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

MetalsMetals - conductors of electricity, - conductors of electricity, luster, malleable, reactive, solidsluster, malleable, reactive, solids

NonmetalsNonmetals - not conductors of - not conductors of electricity, reactive & non-electricity, reactive & non-reactive, gases, liquids and solidsreactive, gases, liquids and solids

MetalloidsMetalloids - semiconductors, - semiconductors, solidssolids

7 major groups of elements7 major groups of elements

Alkali metalsAlkali metals Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals Transition MetalsTransition Metals MetalloidsMetalloids HalogensHalogens Nobel GasesNobel Gases Lanthanide/ActinidesLanthanide/Actinides

Alkali MetalsAlkali Metals

Group 1 Group 1 Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs,

FrFr Highly reactive with Highly reactive with

water, can burn in water, can burn in airair

Soft, shiny gray Soft, shiny gray

Alkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

Group 2 Group 2

Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, RaBa, Ra

Harder, denser, Harder, denser, stronger than stronger than alkali metalsalkali metals

Transition metalsTransition metals Found in middle of chartFound in middle of chart Place where “metals” are foundPlace where “metals” are found

MetalloidsMetalloids

Have properties of Have properties of metals and nonmetalsmetals and nonmetals

Aka: Aka: semiconductorssemiconductors Used in computer Used in computer

chips, can “print” chips, can “print” electric circuitselectric circuits

Ex: silicon/germaniumEx: silicon/germanium

HalogensHalogens

Found in group 17Found in group 17

F, Cl, Br, I, AsF, Cl, Br, I, As Gases (Br liquid) and Gases (Br liquid) and

highly reactivehighly reactive Like to react with Like to react with

metals from groups 1 metals from groups 1 & 2& 2

Nobel GasesNobel Gases

Group 18Group 18He, Ne, Ar, Kr, He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, RnXe, Rn

Inert gases - Inert gases - aren’t reactive aren’t reactive with other with other elementselements

Lanthanides and ActinidesLanthanides and Actinides

Found “pulled” out on Found “pulled” out on the periodic chartthe periodic chart

Used in TV, Used in TV, computerscomputers

Radioactive and used Radioactive and used in nuclear energy in nuclear energy plants and for bombsplants and for bombs

Synthetic ElementsSynthetic Elements

Produced in Produced in laboratorylaboratory

Technetium and Technetium and PromethiumPromethium

Used in “xray” Used in “xray” machinesmachines

LABEL THE PERIODIC TABLE:LABEL THE PERIODIC TABLE:Alkali MetalsAlkali MetalsAlkaline Earth MetalsAlkaline Earth MetalsHalogensHalogens

Noble GasesNoble GasesSemi-conductorsSemi-conductorsTransition metalsTransition metalsLanthanides/ActinidesLanthanides/Actinides

Trends in the periodic tableTrends in the periodic tableSize of atomsSize of atoms

Increases from right to leftIncreases from right to left Increases as go down a groupIncreases as go down a group

Trends in the periodic tableTrends in the periodic table ReactivityReactivity

More reactive on “edges” (except grp 18)More reactive on “edges” (except grp 18) Left side – more reactive at bottom of groupLeft side – more reactive at bottom of group

Right side – more reactive at top of groupRight side – more reactive at top of group

Arrange these atoms from smallest Arrange these atoms from smallest to largestto largest

Sodium, chlorine, silicon, argon, magnesiumSodium, chlorine, silicon, argon, magnesium Phosphorus, antimony, nitrogen, bismuthPhosphorus, antimony, nitrogen, bismuth

Arrange these atoms from most Arrange these atoms from most reactive to least reactivereactive to least reactive

Radium, calcium, beryllium, strontium, magnesium, Radium, calcium, beryllium, strontium, magnesium, bariumbarium

Iodine, astatine, fluorine, bromine, chlorineIodine, astatine, fluorine, bromine, chlorine Rubidium, ruthenium, calcium, selenium, chlorine, Rubidium, ruthenium, calcium, selenium, chlorine,

XenonXenon