Upload
muhamad-afidin
View
228
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 1/22
Blood Gas Analysis and AnalyzerBME Lab 2)
Palestine Polytechnic UniversityEngineering & Technology Collage
Electrical &Computer DepartmentBiomedical Engineering ProgramBiomedical Eng Lab (II)
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 2/22
Blood Gas Analysis
how effectively the lungs are deliveringoxygen to the blood and how efficientlythey are eliminating carbon dioxide from it.
how well the lungs and kidneys areinteracting to maintain normal blood pH(acid-base balance).
Blood gas analysis evaluates;
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 3/22
pH Acid DegreePO 2 Partial pressure of oxygen in blood
PCO 2 Partial pressure of carbon dioxide inblood
cK Potassium Concentration
Na Sodium ConcentrationGlu GlucoseCt Bil Total Bilirubin
Blood Gas Analyzer Measure the following Parameter
Blood Gas Analysis
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 4/22
pH
CO 2 + H2O H2CO 3 H+
+ HCO3-
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
pH = pKa + log[HCO 3
-]
[H2CO 3]
pH =6.1 + log[HCO 3
-]
[0.03 x PCO2]
pH =6.1 + log
24
1.2
pH =6.1 +log20
1
pH =7.4
[H2O + CO2]
[t x PCO2]
1.3
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 5/22
state pHNormal 7.35 - 7.45
Acidosis < 7.35
Alkalosis >7.45
pH
PH value for Human Blood
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 6/22
PO 2
PH value for Human Blood
State PO 2 mm Hg)Normal 80 -100
Hypoxemia < 80
Hyperoxemia >120
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 7/22
• pH electrode is constructed of two half cells,which develop an electrical potential whenconnected together
• Reference electrode maintains a constantpotential and is bathed in KCl
• Glass electrode (Sanz electrode) develops an
electrical potential that is proportional to theamount of H+ present
pH
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 8/22
Blood Gas Analyzer Block Diagram
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 9/22
Blood Gas Analyzer
CalibratorGas
Chamber
E1 E3
E2 E4 w
Pump
High pH
Low pH
StandardBuffers
SampleProbe
V
High O2Low CO2
Low O2High CO2
Display/Printer
Microprocessor
PO 2
PCO 2
Water bath37 oCpH
Reference for pH
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 10/22
Electrodes Principle operation
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 11/22
A - pH sensorB - reference half-cellC - combination pH electrode
(A + B)
d - seale - internal filling solution f - internal reference electrodeg - external filling solutionh - pH-sensitive glass
membrane i - internal liquid junction j - external liquid junction k - fill hole
Glass pH electrode
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 12/22
Electrodes Shape in BGA Device
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 13/22
Electrodes Shape in BGA Device
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 14/22
Electrodes Shape in BGA Device
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 15/22
BGA Device
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 16/22
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 17/22
Blood Gas Analyzer
BGA, BGE, BGA plus E
Oximeter
Tonometer
Ion selective electrodes (ISE)
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 18/22
Oximeter CO-Oximeter
% Carboxyhemoglobin% Oxyhemoglobin
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 19/22
Tonometer
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 20/22
A new dimension in non-invasive patient monitoring
Continuous real-time CO2 partial pressuremeasurement combined with state-of-the-art pulseoximetry in a single non-invasive digital sensor.
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 21/22
EasyBloodGasMEDICA)
8/10/2019 PPT AAE Bahan Agus
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ppt-aae-bahan-agus 22/22
Common Problems with Blood gas /PH analyzersincludes
1-Out-of-date buffer solutions.
2-No calibration gas .
3-Poor Flushing .
4-Not taking the time to properly warm up the analyzer.
5- Bad electrode .