Power/Thermal Impact of Network Computing

Cisco Router Technology Symposium

Evaldo Miranda & Laurence McGarry

2

Source : Intel – 2003 Spring IDF

Data Flow == Power / Thermal Flow

3

“Moore’s Law” on Processor Power “Moore’s Law” on Processor Power

Source : Intel Technology Journal, Vol 6, Issue 2

4

Source : Kenneth Goodson, Stanford University

5

The Power Supply Chain

Generation Source Transmission

Data Center

Shelf/Rack System Line Card

Application Load;

Processor, DSP, Memory Graphics

100% -5% -20% (Cooling)

-10% AC/DC-10% DC-DC

~55% - Electrical Pwr

~30% - Processing Pwr

6

Total Cost of OwnershipTotal Cost of Ownership

7

Trends for Power Power Delivery & Utilization for Analog Processing

• ADC bottleneck: fast & highly linear gain element.

• 50-70% of total pipeline ADC power is consumed by interstage amplifiers

A/D D/A

-

D

VresVin

STAGE 1 STAGE N-1 STAGE NS/H

R bits

Vin

2R

Redundancy (RSD arithmetic) helps tolerate large sub A/D errors

[Lewis, 1987]

“Digital calibration“ removes D/A and linear gain error by adjusting digital

weights[Karanicolas, 1993]

Pipeline ADC

8

Trends for Power Power Delivery & Utilization for Analog Processing

+ Lower Noise+ Increased Signal

Range+ Lower Power+ Faster– Nonlinear

Signal Processing used to linearize!

“Open loop“Precision Amplifier

[Murmann 03] : Open-Loop Amplification

9

SystemID

AnalogNonlinearity

DigitalInverse

Modulation

Dout,corrVin Dout

Parameters

[Iroga/Murmann] : Digital Nonlinearity Compensation

Trends for Power Power Delivery & Utilization for Analog Processing

10

Trends for Power Power Delivery & Utilization for Analog Processing

0

10

20

30

40

50

Pow

er [m

W]

[Kelly 01] [Murmann 03] [Iroga 05]

Flash

Biasing

Gm

Post-Proc.4X 16X

[Iroga/Murmann 05] : 12-b, 75-MS/s ADC implemented in 0.35um CMOS

Stage1 Power Breakdown

11

$0.01

$0.10

$1.00

$10.00

$100.00

1980 1990 2000 2010

Digital($/kgate)

Analog($/nF)

The area of digital is cut in half with every new generation

The area of analog is reduced by 20~30% with every new generation

The cost of digital is cut in half every 2~3 years

The cost of analog is cut in half every 4~8 years

Ref: Anton Bakker - Analog Devices Inc.

Moore’s Law is different for Analog and Digital

Trends for Power

12

Layout comparison in 0.25um CMOS

10pF

Bondpad + ESD

12-bit ADC

Trends for Power

13

Buck Converter I

Supply

ComputingLoad

Fault / OK Fault / OK Fault / OK Fault / OK REFREF

REFREF

PWMPWMPWMPWM

V

T

V

T

V

T

Pwr Losses

T

14

Buck Converter II

Monitor - Control - AdaptMonitor - Control - AdaptMonitor - Control - AdaptMonitor - Control - Adapt

REFREFREFREF

Supply

ComputingLoad

V

T

V

T

V

T

DPWMDPWMDPWMDPWM

Pwr Losses

Fault / OK Fault / OK Fault / OK Fault / OK

PWMPWMPWMPWM

T

15

Smart Power Chain Block Diagram

RectifierRectifier

DriversDrivers

PWMPWM

Switch Switch BridgeBridge

LC FilterLC Filter OrFETOrFET

PFC Ctrl PFC Ctrl

RectifierRectifier& PFC& PFC

POLPOL SwitchersSwitchers

POLPOL SwitchersSwitchers

LDOLDOLDOLDO

VRM for PCsVRM for PCs VRM for PCsVRM for PCs

Hot SwapHot Swap SequencersSequencers

Margining Margining

Hot SwapHot Swap SequencersSequencers

Margining Margining

BatteryBatteryChargersChargersBatteryBattery

ChargersChargers

Power Power Management Management

UnitsUnits

Power Power Management Management

UnitsUnits

Delivering Power Through InformationDelivering Power Through Information

SMBus / SST / PMBus

I2C/SMBus

Micro-ControllerMicro-ControllerMicro-ControllerMicro-Controller

Secondary-Side Secondary-Side Controller & Sync RectController & Sync Rect Secondary-Side Secondary-Side Controller & Sync RectController & Sync Rect

DriversDrivers DriversDrivers

TempTempSensor & Fan Sensor & Fan

ControllersControllers

TempTempSensor & Fan Sensor & Fan

ControllersControllers

16

Summary and Conclusions

Proliferation of computing/networking/communications applications resulting in extreme and bounded power density demands on supporting devices/systems

Falling cost of digital technology allows availability of digital techniques to optimize/improve system functions

Adaptable/reconfigurable regulators for efficient energy transfer Utilize information about the source & load Use System level management

USE YOUR “BUCK” CONVERTER EFFICIENTLY

17

Presented By:Evaldo Martins Miranda

Power & Thermal Design Manager

Laurence McGarryPower & Thermal Marketing Manager

Analog Devices, Inc.3550 North First StSan Jose – CA 95134evaldo.miranda@analog.comLaurence.mcgarry@analog.com

18

Back-up

19

Power/Thermal Impact of Network Computing Growth of fixed and mobile devices linked by a network processing voice, data and

video. Moore’s law on Power and Thermals from processors to buildings for data centers Demand for power and cooling capacity on existing data centers and server farms.

Power Management in Processors Fab processes (eg: strained silicon and low leakage oxides) Device structure (eg: 3D devices) Circuit designs (eg: voltage, frequency and body switching) Architecture (eg: multi-core and intelligent timing/scheduling/multi-tasking)

Power Management for Computing Platforms (HW Board level and Systems) Increase efficiency of passive devices and their use: Drivers, FETs, Inductors (coupled) Improve Thermal solutions: bigger heat sinks, fans, heat–pipes and liquid cooling Use Multi-phase Voltage Regulator up to 130A per processor w/ up to 20kW per rack Multiple power rails

Power Management Opportunities (Platform Systems Solutions) Remote Monitoring/Control of networked systems Balancing computing load & data handling traffic Security & Virtualization

Rethinking Power Conversion (+ Communication) Increase efficiency/utilization/reliability of platforms/racks & Reduce cooling Efficiency under varying load, ambient and fault conditions while reducing component

count and adjusting for component aging, degradation and failure prediction.

24

25

Pentium 4 Thermal Solution Pentium 4 Thermal Solution

27

Redundant Server Power Supply 12V@50A (600W)

ADM1041

UPSTREAMPULSE AND

PEAK SENSING

DIFF CURRENTSENSE AND CAL

ORFETCONTROL

EEPROM,RAM, TRIM

SMBUSI2C

VOLTAGE, CURRENT,SHARE, THERMAL AND

HOUSEKEEPINGMONITORING

SOFTSTART

SHAREBUS

uC

(uC OR STANDALONE)

LOAD

PWM+PRIMARY

DRIVER

ERRORAMP

OPTO-COUPLER

CURRENTSHARE

REMOTE AND LOCALVOLTAGE SENSE

28

Buck Converter I

Supply

ComputingLoad

Fault / OK Fault / OK Fault / OK Fault / OK REFREF

REFREF

PWMPWMPWMPWM

V

T

V

T

V

T

Pwr Losses