PowerPoint Presentation · Safari 41 Sending a Report to a Print-Based Destination These Printer Family destinations create files that are printer-friendly or printer-ready. 41 Procedure

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Copyright © 2010, SAS Institute Inc. All rights reserved.

Introduction to ODS Graphics for the Non-Statistician

Mike Kalt and Cynthia ZenderSAS Institute

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Chapter 1: ODS Graphics for the Non-Statistician

1.1 What is ODS Graphics?

1.2 Producing Non-Statistical Graphs Using Base SAS

Procedures

1.3 SAS/GRAPH “SG” Procedures

1.4 Using PROC SGPLOT to Produce Non-Statistical Charts

and Plots

1.5 Controlling Graph Appearance with SGPLOT

1.6 Using PROC SGPANEL to Display Multiple Cells Per

Page

1.7 Using PROC SGSCATTER to Produce Multiple Plots Per

Page

1.8 The ODS Graphics Designer

1.9 Editing Graphs Produced by SG Procedures

1.10 Upcoming Features and Conclusions

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Assumptions You need to create non-statistical graphics

– Bar charts

– Scatter plots

– Line plots

You may or may not have used SAS/GRAPH in the past

to create these graphs

You are afraid of statistics

You are not here to learn detailed syntax. You are here

to learn what you can do with the SG procedures

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1.1 What is ODS Graphics?1.2 Producing Non-Statistical Graphs Using Base SAS

Procedures



and Plots



Page


Page




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What is ODS Graphics?

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In the Beginning. . .

All SAS graphics were done with "classic" SAS/GRAPH

procedures such as PROC GCHART and PROC GPLOT

proc gchart data=orders;vbar region;

title 'Back Orders by Region';run;

proc plot data=profit;plot amount*date=type;

title 'Salaries and Profit by Month';run;

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Classic SAS/GRAPH Procedures

The Good

– Very flexible and customizable

The Bad

– Not so easy to use

– Statistical graphs required running a STAT

procedure to create an output data set and using a

SAS/GRAPH procedure to graph the output data

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Example: Creating LOESS Plots

proc loess data=Melanoma;model Incidences=Year;

ods output OutputStatistics=Results;

run;

symbol1 color=black value=dot;

symbol2 color=black interpol=join value=none;

proc gplot data=Results;title1 'Melanoma Data with Default LOESS Fit';

plot DepVar*Year Pred*Year/

hminor=3 vminor=3 overlay;

run;

Step 1:

Create output

data set from

PROC LOESS.

Step 2:

Plot data from

output data set

with PROC

GPLOT.

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ODS Graphics: Why?Designed to make it easier for statistical users to develop

commonly-used statistical graphics. For example:

proc sgplot data=Melanoma;

title1 'Melanoma Data with Default LOESS Fit';

loess x=year y=incidences;

run;

Only one step

is required.

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ODS Graphics: What is It?

1. Graphics capabilities added to statistical procedures

2. Graphics capabilities added to some Base SAS

procedures

3. New features added to SAS/GRAPH:

– "SG" procedures

– Graphics Template Language

– ODS Graphics Designer

This collection of features is ODS Graphics.

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Some Terminology

The following terms are interchangable:

Classic SAS/GRAPH

Device-based Graphics

SAS/GRAPH "G" Procedures

The following terms are interchangable:

ODS Graphics

Statistical Graphics

SAS/GRAPH "SG" Procedures are a component of

ODS/GRAPHICS

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SAS/GRAPH "Classic" vs. ODS Graphics: Major Differences

Internal architecture and how graphs are produced

Support for replaying graphs

Specification of graphics options

Support for annotation

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How Graphs Are Produced by "Classic" Procedures

GRAPH1

Window

(ODS Listing)

Hardcopy

Device or File

Other ODS

Destinations

Device

Driver

Replay

Stored

Graphs

(GREPLAY)

GRSEG

Catalog Entry

SAS/GRAPH

Procedure

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How Graphs Are Produced by ODS Graphics

SAS/GRAPH,

SAS/STAT or

Base

Procedure

Image File

ODS

Destinations

Device

Driver

No catalog entry is created

No output to GRAPH1 window (ODS Listing)

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Architectural Differences

SAS/GRAPH "Classic Procedures" and ODS Graphics

use different underlying subsystems to create their

graphs. Because of this:

You can’t combine graphs produced by the two

systems

PROC GREPLAY cannot be used to replay multiple

or individual ODS graphs

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Specifying Graphics Options

For "classic" SAS/GRAPH, many options can be

specified in a GOPTIONS statement.

For ODS Graphics, there is no GOPTIONS statement.

A limited number of options can be specified on the

ODS GRAPHICS statement. Many others are

specified in the procedure

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goptions hsize=3 inches htext=12pt;

ods graphics/height=200px imagefmt=jpeg;

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Annotating Graphs

For "classic" SAS/GRAPH, the Annotate facility can be

used to add data-based annotation to graphics created

by SAS/GRAPH procedures (such as labeling points on

a graph).

ODS Graphics currently do not support the Annotate

facility. Annotate support is expected to be available

in SAS 9.3.

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Not Just for Statisticians!

Although the original purpose of ODS Graphics was

to make producing statistical graphics easier, it’s also

a convenient way for producing general purpose plots

and charts.

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ODS Graphics: How to Use It

For statistical and Base SAS procedures

Use ODS GRAPHICS statement to activate graphics

Add options to procedure code to generate graphs

Use ODS GRAPHICS OFF statement to deactivate

graphics

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ODS Graphics Example: Base/Stat Procedures

ods graphics on;proc freq data=orion.back_orders;

tables region/plots=freqplot;run;

ods graphics off;

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ODS Graphics: How to Use It

For SAS/GRAPH "SG" Procedures

Use SG procedure statements

No ODS GRAPHICS statement required

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ODS Graphics Example: "SG" Procedure

proc sgplot data=orion.back_orders;vbar region;

title 'Back Orders by Region';run;

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ODS Graphics: Output

Output from ODS Graphics can to go to either:

An image file (default)

– ODS LISTING destination used

– Image file accessed from Results window

– Output displayed in host image viewer

An ODS destination

– HTML, PDF, RTF

– Graph is output as either a separate image (HTML)

or an embedded image (RTF, PDF) in the ODS

result file

– Specify destination on ODS statement

– Output document can be viewed in Results Viewer

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Output to an Image File

Step 1: Submit Code

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Step 2: Expand entry in Results Panel—results include

text tables and graphs

Graphs

(as image

files)

Text

table

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Step 3: Double click on graph entry in results. Graph

opens in separate viewing application.

Graphs are

created and

stored as

.png files by

default

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Output to a HTML File

Step 1: Submit Code

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Output to a HTML File

Step 2: HTML page is created and automatically opened

in SAS Results Viewer window

HTML page

contains

tables and

graphs

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SAS/GRAPH "Classic" vs. ODS Graphics

Output from "Classic" SAS/GRAPH procedures cannot be

combined in SAS with output from ODS Graphics.

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SAS/GRAPH Classic Procedures ODS Graphics

Output goes to GRAPH1 window or

other destinations (including ODS)

Output to image file or ODS

document only

Graph created as a GRSEG entry in

a SAS catalog

No catalog entries created

GREPLAY procedure replays

graphs stored in catalogs

No GREPLAY procedure

Annotate facility available to add

elements to existing graphs

No Annotate facility (coming in SAS

9.3)

GOPTIONS statement sets general

graphics options

GOPTIONS statement not used.

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Review: Creating ODS Result Files

The following slides are a review of ODS result file

creation.

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ODS LISTING CLOSE;

ODS destination FILE = "filename.ext" STYLE=egdefault;

…procedure code…

ODS destination CLOSE;

Basic Output File Creation with ODS

When you create output with ODS, all tabular and

graphical output is created appropriately for your method

and destination.

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ODS LISTING CLOSE;


ODS GRAPHICS ON;

…procedure code that uses automatic template-based graphics…

ODS GRAPHICS OFF;


Using the ODS GRAPHICS Statement

If you are using the automatic ODS GRAPHICS capability

with procedures that support template-based graphics,

you also need to use ODS GRAPHICS ON/OFF

statements in your code.

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ODS LISTING CLOSE;


ODS GRAPHICS / height=200px width=500px

imagefmt=jpeg;

…”SG” procedure code…


SG Procedures Syntax Model

If you are using the “SG” procedures, you only need to

use the ODS GRAPHICS statement if you want to change

the default options.

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HTML Syntax Model for Graphics Creation

HTML-based destination have PATH= and GPATH=

options, which allow you to choose the physical location

of the result file (PATH=) and the physical location of the

external image file (GPATH=). The URL=NONE suboption

instructs ODS to build relative URLs for any tags, such as

the HTML <IMG> tag to point to a graphical image

location.

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ODS HTML PATH='<path for output>' (URL=NONE)

GPATH='<path for images>' (URL=NONE)

FILE = "filename.html" STYLE=journal;

…SAS code to generate a report…

ODS HTML CLOSE;

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RTF and PDF Syntax Model

Images for the RTF and PDF destinations are embedded

in the ODS output file. There is no equivalent to an <IMG>

tag for the RTF and PDF destinations.

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ODS RTF FILE = "filename.rtf" STYLE=analysis;


ODS RTF CLOSE;

ODS PDF FILE = "filename.pdf" STYLE=statistical;


ODS PDF CLOSE;

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Some Destinations Supported by ODS Graphics

Destination Viewer Graphics File Types

HTML Web browser PNG (default), GIF, JPEG, …

RTF Word processor, such

as Microsoft Word

Embedded in RTF file

PS PostScript viewer,

such as GSview

Embedded in PostScript file

PDF PDF viewer, such as

Adobe Reader

Embedded in PDF file

LATEX PostScript or PDF

viewer after compiling

LaTeX file

PostScript (default), EPSI,

GIF, JPEG, PDF, PNG

LISTING Default viewer in your

system for file type

PNG (default), GIF, BMP, DIB,

EMF, EPSI, JFIF, JPEG, …

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Some Recommended Styles

Style Description

DEFAULT Color style intended for general-purpose work.

This is the default for the HTML destination.

STATISTICAL Color style recommended for output in Web pages

or color print media. This is the style used in

SAS/STAT 9.2 documentation.

ANALYSIS Color style with a somewhat different appearance

from STATISTICAL.

JOURNAL and

JOURNAL2

Gray-scale and pure black-and-white styles,

respectively. Recommended for graphs in

black-and-white publications.

RTF Used to produce graphs to insert into a Microsoft

Word document or a Microsoft PowerPoint slide.

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Output Delivery System

You can send your SAS

procedure output to a variety

of different “viewers” or

software for rendering.

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Procedure

Output

Web Browser

Word Processor

Acrobat Reader

LaTeX Processor

SAS Results Window

Microsoft Office

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Output Delivery System

Each ODS invocation

statement corresponds

to a specific type of viewer.

Some ODS output files can be rendered by multiple viewers.

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Procedure

Output

ODS HTML

ODS RTF

ODS PDF

ODS LATEX

ODS LISTING

ODS MSOFFICE2K

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Sending a Report to a Web Browser

These HTML-based ODS destinations create files that

can be opened in a Web browser, such as Internet

Explorer, Firefox, or Safari.

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Procedure

Output

HTML

HTMLCSS

MSOFFICE2K

PHTML

HTML3

CHTML

Internet

Explorer

Firefox

Safari

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Sending a Report to a Print-Based Destination

These Printer Family destinations create files that

are printer-friendly or printer-ready.

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Procedure

Output

PDF

PCL

PRINTER

Acrobat

Reader

GhostView

Printer

PS

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Sending a Report to a Word Processor

These destinations create RTF or HTML files that can

be opened in a word processor.

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Procedure

Output

Microsoft

Word

OpenOffice_RTFOpenOffice

Writer

RTF

HTML3

TAGSETS.RTF

MSOFFICE2K

HTML

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Sending a Report to a Spreadsheet

These destinations create HTML files that can be opened

by many spreadsheet programs, including Microsoft

Excel. HTML-based files can contain references for

graphic images.

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Procedure

Output HTML3

MSOFFICE2K

HTML

At this time, XML files, such as the kind produced by the

TAGSETS.EXCELXP destination, only support tabular

output (by Microsoft design), not graphic output.

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Accessing Individual Graphs

ODS has other destinations which support graphics. You

might need to submit LaTeX output to a journal. Or, you

might want to insert one of your graphs in PowerPoint.

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Procedure

Output PostScript

LaTeX

HTML

LISTING

Cut and paste single images or insert PNG

file into Word or PowerPoint document.

Incorporate output

into LaTeX

document created

with other software.

Create LaTeX

document directly.

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Demonstration

This demonstration illustrates concepts

discussed in this section.

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1.2 Producing Non-Statistical Graphs Using Base

SAS Procedures1.3 SAS/GRAPH “SG” Procedures


and Plots



Page


Page




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Producing Non-Statistical Graphs Using Base SAS Procedures

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Base SAS Procedures that Produce Graphics

ODS Graphics can be used with the following Base SAS

procedures:

CORR

FREQ

UNIVARIATE

These procedures produce both statistical and non-

statistical graphics. This presentation will focus on the

non-statistical charts and plots that PROC FREQ and

PROC UNIVARIATE can produce.

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Producing Graphics with Base Procedures

For statistical and Base SAS procedures

1. Use ODS GRAPHICS ON statement to activate

graphics

2. Add options or statements to procedure code to

generate specific graphs

3. Use ODS GRAPHICS OFF statement to deactivate

graphics

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PROC FREQ Graphics with One-Way Tables

If you activate graphics, but do not specify a specific plot

with a one-way frequency table request, both frequency

and cumulative frequency plots are generated:

ods graphics on;proc freq data=orion.back_orders;

tables region;run;ods graphics off;

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PROC FREQ Graphics with Two-Way Tables

If you activate graphics, but do not specify a specific plot

with a two-way frequency table request, a single graph is

generated containing a frequency plot for each variable.

No cumulative frequency plot is produced.

ods graphics on;proc freq

data=orion.employee_payroll;tables employee_gender*

marital_status;run;ods graphics off;

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Using the PLOTS= Option with PROC FREQ

You can use the PLOTS= option to request specific types

of plots, including various statistical plots. By using the

PLOTS= option, you can specify some appearance

options.

ods graphics on;proc freq data=orion.employee_payroll;

tables marital_status/plots=freqplot(orient=horizontal scale=percent);

run;ods graphics off;

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Creating a Dot Plot with PROC FREQ

The example below requests a dot plot for the frequency

plot only.

ods graphics on;proc freq data=orion.orders;

tables region/plots(only)=freqplot (type=dotplot orient=vertical);


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Graphics with PROC UNIVARIATE

To produce graphics with PROC UNIVARIATE, you

must explicitly supply a statement requesting a graph.

The HISTOGRAM statement produces histograms.

ods graphics on;proc univariate data=orion.employee_payroll;

var salary;histogram salary;run;

ods graphics off;

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Graphics with PROC UNIVARIATE

Various options can be used on the HISTOGRAM

statement to control the appearance of the plot.

ods graphics on;proc univariate data=orion.employee_payroll;

var salary;histogram salary/barlabel=count

normal(color=blue)grid;


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Demonstration



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Procedures

1.3 SAS/GRAPH “SG” Procedures1.4 Using PROC SGPLOT to Produce Non-Statistical Charts

and Plots



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Overview of SAS/GRAPH "SG" Procedures

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ODS GRAPHICS with SAS/GRAPH

Several new procedures and features that implement

ODS Graphics have been added to SAS/GRAPH.

They are:

PROC SGPLOT

PROC SGPANEL

PROC SGSCATTER

PROC SGRENDER

Graphics Template Language (GTL)

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The "SG" Procedures

SGPLOT, SGPANEL, and SGSCATTER Procedures

– designed to create commonly used graphs quickly.

– produce many of the same types of graphs as the

original SAS/GRAPH procedures such as GPLOT

and GCHART, but use the ODS architecture

SGRENDER and the Graphics Template Language

– used to produce more complex, customized graphs

– steeper learning curve

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SGPLOT vs. Graph Template Language

proc template;define statgraph sgdesign;dynamic _ORDER_MONTH;begingraph;layout lattice _id='lattice' /

columndatarange=data rowdatarange=data;layout overlay _id='overlay' /;barchart _id='bar' x=_ORDER_MONTH / name='bar' stat=freq;endlayout;

endlayout;endgraph;end;run;proc sgrender data=ORION.ORDER_SUMMARY template=sgdesign;dynamic _ORDER_MONTH="'ORDER_MONTH'n";run;


title "Frequency Count by Region";run;

SGPLOT

GTL and PROC SGRENDER

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Using the New SG Procedures

ODS GRAPHICS statement is not required, but can be

used to specify some options

No GOPTIONS statement

Symbols and patterns are specified in the procedure—

no SYMBOL or PATTERN statements

Statements available to control axis and legend

appearance, but differ from those in "classic"

SAS/GRAPH

Titles and footnotes work as in "classic" SAS/GRAPH

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Demonstration



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Procedures


1.4 Using PROC SGPLOT to Produce Non-

Statistical Charts and Plots1.5 Controlling Graph Appearance with SGPLOT


Page


Page




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Using PROC SGPLOT to Produce Non-Statistical Charts and Plots

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The SGPLOT Procedure

PROC SGPLOT can be used to produce the following

basic plots and charts:

Simple bar charts

Stacked bar charts

Histograms

Scatter plots

Series plots

Overlaid graphs including bar/line charts

Although the procedure is named SGPLOT, it

produces both plots and charts.

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PROC SGPLOT: Statistical Graphs

In addition, PROC SGPLOT can be used to produce the

following types of plots and charts:

Density plots

Dot plots

Ellipse plots

Horizontal and vertical box plots

Loess plots

Spline curves

Regression plots

67

For this presentation, we will focus on the non-

statistical plots listed on the previous slide.

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Terminology for ODS GraphicsTerm Meaning

plot any type of plot or chart, such as a scatter plot, bar chart, etc.

cell area containing one plot, or multiple overlaid plots

graph a collection of one or more cells

graph

cell

plot

multiple plots

overlaid

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General SGPLOT Syntax

PROC SGPLOT statement – invokes the procedure

and specifies input data set

Plot statement – specifies type of graph, variables,

and options.

Axis statements – control appearance of axes

(optional)

KEYLEGEND statement – controls appearance of

legend (optional)

Multiple plot statements can be used to overlay

multiple plots on the same axes.

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Vertical Bar Chart


title "Frequency Count by Region";run;

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Horizontal Bar Charts

proc sgplot data=orion.back_orders;hbar region / response=number_of_ordersstat=sum;

title "Backorders by Region";run;

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Subgrouped Bar Chart

proc sgplot data=orion.employees;where company=:'Orion';vbar company / group=department;

title 'Employees By Country/Department';run;

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Histogram

proc sgplot data=orion.employees;where department='Sales';histogram salary;

title 'Distribution of Employee Salaries';run;

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Overlaying Graphs

proc sgplot data=orion.employees;histogram salary;density salary / type=normal;where department='Sales';

title 'Distribution of Employee Salaries';run;

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Scatter Plot

proc sgplot data=orion.employees;where company='Orion Italy' and department='Sales';

scatter y=salary x=employee_birthdate;title 'Salary by Birth Date';

run;

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Grouped Series Plot

proc sgplot data=orion.profit;where company in ('Orion France','Orion

Italy');series y=sales x=yymm / group=company;

title 'Sales by Country';run;

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Overlayed Series Plot (Multiple Y Variables)

proc sgplot data=orion.budget;series y=yr2003 x=month;series y=yr2004 x=month;

title 'Budget by Month';run;

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Overlaid Bar Chart and Line Plot

proc sgplot data=orion.profit;where company='Orion France' and

year(yymm)=2004;vbar yymm / response=sales;vline yymm / response=cost;

title 'Sales vs. Cost';run;

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Demonstration



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Procedures



and Plots

1.5 Controlling Graph Appearance with SGPLOT1.6 Using PROC SGPANEL to Display Multiple Cells Per

Page


Page




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Controlling Graph Appearance with SGPLOT

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Using ODS Styles

ods listing style=banker;proc sgplot data=orion.profit;

where company='Orion France' and year(yymm)=2004;

vbar yymm / response=sales;vline yymm / response=cost;

title 'Sales vs. Cost';run;ods listing style=listing;

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Controlling Fills and Labeling Bars

proc sgplot data=orion.back_orders;vbar region/response=number_of_orders

fillattrs=(color="verylightred")datalabel;

title "Back Orders by Region";run;

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Overlaid Bars with Transparency

proc sgplot data=orion.budget;vbar month/response=yr2003

fillattrs=(color=red)transparency=.7;

vbar month/response=yr2004 fillattrs=(color=blue)transparency=.7 barwidth=.5;

run;

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Controlling Lines and Markers

proc sgplot data=orion.budget;series y=yr2003 x=month/ markers

lineattrs=(color=red thickness=3) markerattrs=(color=black symbol=circlefilledsize=8);


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Controlling Axis Attributes

proc sgplot data=orion.profit;where (company='Orion Australia' or

company='Orion Italy') and year(yymm)=2003;

series y=sales x=yymm/ markers group=company;xaxis fitpolicy=rotate

tickvalueformat=monname. grid label='Month';yaxis label='Total Sales' grid;

title '2003 Sales';run;

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Additional Axis Options

proc sgplot data=orion.profit;where company in ('Orion Australia' 'Orion

Italy') and year(yymm)=2003;series y=sales x=yymm/ markers group=company;xaxis display=(nolabel)

tickvalueformat=monname3.offsetmin=0 offsetmax=0 grid;

yaxis values=(40000 to 240000 by 40000) gridlabel='Total Sales';

title '2003 Sales';run;

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Adding Top and Right Axesproc sgplot data=orion.budget;series y=yr2003 x=month;series y=yr2004 x=month/x2axis y2axis;xaxis type=discrete;yaxis display=(nolabel) grid offsetmax=.1;x2axis type=discrete display=(nolabel);y2axis display=(nolabel) values=(1e6 to 3e6 by

500000)offsetmax=.1;title 'Budget by Month';run;

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Controlling the Legend

proc sgplot data=orion.budget;series y=yr2003 x=month;series y=yr2004 x=month;xaxis type=discrete;keylegend / location=inside down=2

position=topleft;title 'Budget by Month';run;

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Adding a Text Box With INSET Statement

proc sgplot data=orion.budget;series y=yr2003 x=month / name='2003';series y=yr2004 x=month / name='2004';xaxis type=discrete;inset 'This plot illustrates the monthly'

'budget values for 2003 and 2004'/position=bottom border title='Explanation: ';


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The ODS GRAPHICS Statement

You can specify options on the ODS GRAPHICS statement

to control some aspects of your graphics output. Note that

you do not need to use the ODS GRAPHICS statement

with the SG procedures unless you want to specify options.

Some of the options that you can specify are:

Height and width of the graph

Format (file type) and name of the graphics file

Whether a border is drawn around the graph

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ods graphics / height=200px width=500px imagefmt=jpeg;proc sgplot data=orion.back_orders;

vbar region/response=number_of_ordersfillattrs=(color="verylightred")datalabel;

title "Back Orders by Region";run;

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The ODS GRAPHICS Statement

Options specified on the ODS GRAPHICS statement remain

in effect until they are reset or the SAS session ends. To

reset the options, submit the following statement:

ods graphics/reset;

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Demonstration



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Reference: ODS GRAPHICS Options

The following section provides reference information

about using the ODS GRAPHICS statement to change

options.

96


The ODS GRAPHICS statement enables you to alter

settings for your graphics output. The kinds of changes

you might wish to make are:

alter image size, and/or DPI

specify image format

create tool tips for ODS HTML output

specify image name

reset ODS GRAPHICS statement options.

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ODS GRAPHICS Statement

You have already seen this usage of the ODS

GRAPHICS statement, which enables and disables

the graphics environment:

However, the ODS GRAPHICS statement also provides

options for changing your output. Remember that the

traditional SAS/GRAPH GOPTIONS statement will not

work with the ODS Graphics system.

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ods graphics on;

. . .SAS code . . .

ods graphics off;

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Common ODS Graphics Options

Common ODS Graphics options are

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Use This Option To…

RESET Reset one or more ODS Graphics options

to its default.

IMAGENAME Specify the base image filename.

IMAGEFMT Specify the image format used to generate

image files.

WIDTH/HEIGHT Specify the width or height of any graph.

BORDER/NOBORDER Specify whether to draw a border around

each graph.

ANTIALIASMAX=

with ANTIALIAS=ON

Specify the maximum number of markers

or lines to be anti-aliased before anti-

aliasing is disabled. The default value is

600.

IMAGEMAP/NOIMAGEMAP Specify whether data tips are generated.

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Using the RESET Option

To reset all the options to their defaults, use:

To reset all the reset options to their defaults, use:

To reset specific options, use:

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ods graphics / reset;

ods graphics / reset=all;

ods graphics / reset=index;ods graphics / reset=border;

ods graphics / reset=indexreset=widthreset=height;

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Using IMAGENAME and IMAGEFMT Options

By default, the image filename is the name of the graph

object. The default path is the current output directory.

A file extension for filename is automatically generated

based on the IMAGEFMT= option. If more than one

image is generated, each is assigned a filename as a

base name followed by a number in order to create

unique names. This numbering can be reset with the

RESET=INDEX option.

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ods graphics / imagename='wombat'imagefmt=png;

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More About the IMAGEFMT Option

The IMAGEFMT option specifies the image format to be

used. If the image format is not valid for the active output

destination, the format is automatically changed to the

default image format for that destination. The default

IMAGEFMT value is STATIC, which means that the best

quality static image format is used to create the image for

the active output destination.

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ods graphics / imagename='wombat'imagefmt=png;

ods graphics / imagefmt=static;

102

Setting Image Width and Height

The WIDTH and HEIGHT options set the width and height

of the graph image. The default aspect ratio is typically

4/3 or 640px by 480px.

The default width dimension is the value of the SAS

registry entry for “Design Width”. Typically, the value

is 640px. If HEIGHT= is not also supplied, the graph

maintains its default aspect ratio (4 / 3).

The default height dimension is the value of the SAS

registry entry for “Design Height”. Typically, the value

is 480px. If WIDTH= is not also supplied, the graph

maintains its default aspect ratio (4 / 3).

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ods graphics / width=1280pxheight=960px;

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Setting the ANTIALIASMAX= Option

Anti-aliasing smooths the appearance of diagonal lines

and some markers. Text displayed in the graph is always

anti-aliased. If ANTIALIAS=ON, the ANTIALIASMAX=

option specifies the maximum number of markers or lines

to be anti-aliased before anti-aliasing is disabled. For

example, if there are more than 400 scatterpoint markers

to be anti-aliased and ANTIALIASMAX=400, then no

markers will be anti-aliased.

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ods graphics / antialias=onantialiasmax=1000;

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Creating Tool Tips with the IMAGEMAP Option

The IMAGEMAP option is used with the HTML destination

and controls the generation of data tips. Data tips are

pieces of explanatory text that appear when you mouse-

over the data portions of a graph contained in an HTML

page. The TIPMAX option specifies the maximum number

of distinct tooltips permitted before tooltips are disabled.

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ods graphics / imagemap tipmax=1500;

ods html path='path-for-output' (url=none)gpath='path-for-image'file='myfile.html' style=analysis;

. . . code that generates ODS GRAPHICS image . . .

ods html close;

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Data Tip Example

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Cholesterol = 375

Age CHD Diagnosed = 67Observation Number = 5186

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Reference: SGPLOT Procedure

The following section contains reference material on the

SGPLOT material. For a comprehensive syntax guide,

refer to the documentation topic, entitled: “The SGPLOT

Procedure” in the SAS/GRAPH(R) 9.2: Statistical

Graphics Procedures Guide, Second Edition.

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PROC SGPLOT Categories

PROC SGPLOT statements can be organized into

categories. The SGPLOT procedure enables you to

combine or overlay different plots on top of each other.

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Type Plots in This Category Can Combine with

Basic scatter, series, step, needle,

vector and band plots

Basic, Fit and Confidence

Fit and

Confidence

regression, loess, penalized

B-spline curves, and ellipses

Basic, Fit and Confidence

Distribution box plots, histograms, and

normal and kernel density

estimates

Distribution (box plots cannot be

combined with any other plot type)

Categorization bar charts, line charts and dot

plots

Categorization

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PROC SGPLOT Statement Model Syntax

PROC SGPLOT statements conform to different syntax

models, depending on plot type.

Basic, Fit and Confidence Plots:

Plots for Categorical Data:

Band Plots:

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PLOTNAME X=xvar Y=yvar / OPTIONS;

BAND X=xvar UPPER=uvar-or-uval LOWER=lvar-or-lval

/ OPTIONS;

PLOTNAME response-or-category-var / OPTIONS;

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Basic Plot Statements

Type Description

SCATTER Creates a scatter plot of observations for two variables.

SERIES Creates a line plot. Useful where x-axis values are

meaningfully related, such as time.

STEP Creates a step plot. Useful where y-axis values reflect

a step function, such as integers.

NEEDLE Creates a plot with needles connecting each point to

the baseline. Useful for showing deviations from a

constant.

VECTOR Creates a vector plot that draws arrows from a point of

origin to each data point. Useful for showing bivariate

deviations from an origin such as a centroid.

BAND Creates a band that highlights part of the plot. (Band

limits can be a variable or a numeric constant.) useful

for showing confidence or prediction limits.

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Fit and Confidence Plot Statements

Type Description

REG Creates a fitted regression line or curve. Enables

visualization of a least squares fit.

ELLIPSE Adds a prediction (or confidence) ellipse to a plot.

Enables visualization of a region where

observations (or regression fit) are likely to fall.

Prediction is default.

LOESS Creates a fitted loess curve. Useful for visualizing

a nonlinear relationship between two variables.

Smoothness is optionally controlled by a

smoothing parameter and polynomial degree.

PBSPLINE Creates a fitted penalized B-spline curve. Useful

for visualizing a nonlinear relationship between two

variables. Smoothness is optionally controlled by

a smoothing parameter and the number of knots.

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Plot Statements for Continuous Data

Type Description

HBOX Creates a horizontal box plot that shows the

distribution of your data. Especially useful for

comparing distributions of grouped data.

VBOX Creates a vertical box plot that shows the

distribution of your data. Especially useful for

comparing distributions of grouped data.

HISTOGRAM Creates a histogram that displays the frequency

distribution of a numeric variable. Especially useful

for evaluating the distribution of ungrouped data.

DENSITY Creates a density curve that shows the distribution

of values for a numeric variable. Overlay a density

curve on a histogram to compare the data to a

normal distribution or see a smoothed density

function for a variable.

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Plot Statements for Categorical DataType Description

HBAR Creates a horizontal bar chart that summarizes the

values of a category variable. Useful for comparing

groups when seeing the minimum on the plot is

important.

VBAR Creates a vertical bar chart that summarizes the values

of a category variable. Useful for comparing groups

when seeing the minimum on the plot is important.

HLINE Creates a horizontal line chart. Especially useful when

the y-axis values are ordered. (Use with the HBAR

statement to create a horizontal bar-line chart.)

VLINE Creates a vertical line chart. Especially useful when the

x-axis values are ordered. (Use with the VBAR

statement to create a vertical bar-line chart.)

DOT Creates a dot plot that summarizes the values of a

category variable. Useful for comparing groups where

seeing the minimum or origin on the plot is not useful.112

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Multiple Plotting Statements in PROC SGPLOT

PROC SGPLOT draws the plots in your graph in the

same order that you specify the plot statements.

Order your plot statements so that your plots do not

obscure one another.

You can also avoid obscuring your data by using

the TRANSPARENCY= option or the

CLMTRANSPARENCY= option to make your plots

partially transparent.

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PROC SGPLOT Axis Concepts

With the SGPLOT procedure, you have the ability

to control four separate axes for your graphs.

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xaxis

x2axis

y2axisyaxis

secondary

primary

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PROC SGPLOT AXIS Options

AXIS statements support these selected options.

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Option Usage

DISPLAY= Specify which axis features should be displayed.

LABEL= Specify an axis label.

GRID Specify placement of a grid line at each tick on the axis.

TYPE= Specify the type of axis: DISCRETE, LINEAR, LOG or TIME.

DISCRETEORDER= Specify the order in which discrete tick values are placed on

the axis: DATA, FORMATTED, or UNFORMATTED.

INTERVAL= Specify the tick interval for a TIME axis: AUTO, DAY, MONTH

or YEAR are selected examples.

FITPOLICY= Specify the method used to fit tick mark values on a horizontal

axis when there is not enough room to draw them normally:

ROTATE, STAGGER or THIN are selected examples.

VALUES= Specify values for the tick marks on the axis:values=(0 25 50 100)

values=(0 to 200 by 50)

values=('25MAY08'd '04JUL08'd '23AUG08'd)

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Controlling the Axis Features

Use the DISPLAY= option to control which axis features

appear.

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Option Usage

DISPLAY=ALL Displays all of the features (default).

DISPLAY=NONE Displays none of the features.

DISPLAY=(options) Controls which features are displayed (list one feature or

more than one):

NOLABEL hide the axis label.

NOLINE hide the axis line.

NOTICKS hide the tick marks on the axis.

NOVALUES hide the tick mark values on the axis.

XAXIS | YAXIS | X2AXIS | Y2AXIS /

DISPLAY=<value> <other options>;

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Using X2AXIS and Y2AXIS

You cannot use the X2AXIS and Y2AXIS statements with

HBAR, VBAR or DOT plots.

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X2AXIS/Y2AXIS x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

You must link the X2AXIS and Y2AXIS statements to the selected

plot statement with the X2AXIS option or the Y2AXIS option.

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Understanding Axis Type

The axis type depends on the variable placed on an axis.

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Type Value Used For

LINEAR specifies a linear scale for the axis. This is the default axis type for

numeric variables that do not have date or time formats.

DISCRETE specifies an axis with discrete values. If a character variable is

assigned to an axis, then the default type for that axis is discrete.

All categorization plots use a discrete axis for the category

variable.

TIME specifies a time scale for the axis. If the variable assigned to an

axis has a time, date, or datetime format associated with it, then

time is the default axis type.

INTERVAL= values for a TIME axis:

AUTO, SECOND, MINUTE, HOUR, DAY, WEEK, TENDAY,

SEMIMONTH, MONTH, QUARTER, SEMIYEAR, YEAR

LOG specifies a logarithmic scale for the axis. This axis type is never a

default. (A logarithmic scale cannot be used with linear regression

(REG statement) plots where DEGREE=1.)

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Using TYPE=DISCRETE and DISCRETEORDER

By default, categorical variables use an axis type of

DISCRETE. You can control the order of discrete axis tick

values with the DISCRETEORDER option.

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Option Usage with DISCRETE Axis

DISCRETEORDER=DATA Displays the values in the order that

they appear in the data.

DISCRETEORDER=UNFORMATTED Sorts the unformatted values in

ascending character order. (Default)

DISCRETEORDER=FORMATTED Sorts the formatted values in

ascending character order.

This option affects only box plots, dot plots, bar

charts, and line charts, or for any axis where

TYPE=DISCRETE.

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Using a Logarithmic Axis

Several options are related to logarithmic axis

specification. To use these options the TYPE value

must be set to LOG:

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Option Used with TYPE=LOG Option

LOGBASE specifies the base value for the logarithmic scale.LOGBASE=10

LOGBASE=2

LOGBASE=E

LOGSTYLE specifies how to scale and format the values for the major tick

marks for logarithmic axes. Specify one of the following

values:LOGSTYLE=LOGEXPAND

LOGSTYLE=LOGEXPONENT

LOGSTYLE=LINEAR

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Selected Options

SGPLOT Procedure

Statement Option

(Option works with the

SGPLOT procedure statement

if an ‘x’ is in the column)

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/GROUP=var; x x x x x x x x x x x x

/LEGENDLABEL='label-string'; x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

/MARKERS; x x x x

/NOMARKERS; x x x

/TRANSPARENCY=value; x x x x x x x x x x x x x

/FILLATTRS=(attribute=value); x x x x

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Selected Options

SGPLOT Procedure

Statement Option

(Option works with the

SGPLOT procedure statement

if an ‘x’ is in the column)

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/DATALABEL<=variable>; x x x x x x x x x x x x

/CATEGORY= x

/STAT= x x x

/RESPONSE= x x x

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Additional SGPLOT Procedure Statements

These additional SGPLOT procedure statements can be

combined with all other SGPLOT procedure statements.

123

Type Description

INSET Adds a text box inside the plot axes.

REFLINE Creates a horizontal or vertical reference line.

XAXIS

X2AXIS

Specify options for the x-axis.

YAXIS

Y2AXIS

Specify options for the y-axis.

KEYLEGEND Adds a legend to the plot. (Use with NAME= in the

plot statement to identify which plots to include in

the legend.)

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Types of Customization

You can perform customization using additional

statements within your statistical procedure programs.

124

To … Use Statement Use With

Add a text box inside

of the axes of the plot

INSET PROC SGPLOT

Create a horizontal or

vertical reference line

REFLINE PROC SGPLOT

Position and

customize legends

KEYLEGEND PROC SGPLOT

125

INSET Statement Model Syntax

INSET statement text can take the form of single or

multiple text strings or can be specified as a label list.

Some examples of the INSET statement are:

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INSET "text-string1" "text-string2" / <options>;

INSET "label1"="value1" "label2"="value2" / <options>;

Type of String Results in…

Single or multiple

text strings

Each string is placed on a separate line in the text

box.

Label/value list Each label/value pair is placed on a separate line

in the text box.

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INSET Statement Options

The INSET statement supports the following options.

The options follow a slash ('/') in the INSET statement.

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OPTION Used to…

BORDER |

NOBORDER

specify whether to display a border around the INSET text

box.

TEXTATTRS= specify the appearance of text in the INSET box.

POSITION= specify the position of the INSET box in the graph area.

TITLE= specify a center-aligned title for the INSET box.

TITLEATTRS= specify the appearance of the title for the INSET box.

LABELALIGN= specify how the labels are aligned when you specify label-

value pairs.

VALUEALIGN= specify how the values are aligned when you specify label-

value pairs.

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REFLINE Statement Model Syntax

The REFLINE statement can enhance your graph with

a horizontal or vertical reference line. You can place a

reference line for every value of a specific variable or

at points along the axes. Model syntax for the REFLINE

statement is:

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REFLINE variable / <options>;

REFLINE value1 value2 / <options>;

REFLINE

Specification Action…

Variable draws a reference line for each value of the

specified variable.

Value list draws one or more reference lines at the

values that you specify.

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REFLINE Statement Options

The REFLINE statement supports the following options.

The options follow a slash ('/') in the REFLINE statement.

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Option Used to…

AXIS= specify the axis that contains the reference line values.

For example, if you specify AXIS= X, vertical reference

lines are drawn at points on the X axis.

LABEL= create labels for each reference line. If you do not

specify a label for a line, the reference value for that

line is used as the label.

LABELLOC= specify whether the labels are placed inside or outside

of the plot area.

LABELPOS= specify the position of the labels.

LINEATTRS= specify the appearance of the reference line.

NOCLIP extends the plot axes to contain the reference lines.

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Other REFLINE Statement Options

Other REFLINE statement options are

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OPTION Used to…

LEGENDLABEL= specify a label that identifies the markers from

the plot in the legend. By default, the label

“Reference Line” is used.

NAME= specify a name for the plot.

TRANSPARENCY specify specifies the degree of transparency for

the reference lines. Specify a value from 0.0

(completely opaque) to 1.0 (completely

transparent).

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Specifying Line Attributes

To specify colors, patterns or line thickness, use the

following suboptions for the LINEATTRS option:

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SUB-OPTION Example

COLOR= specify a color. (The default color is specified by the

ContrastColor attribute of the GraphReference style

element in the current style.)lineattrs=(color=blue);

lineattrs=(color=cx0000ff);

PATTERN= specify a line pattern. (The default line pattern is specified

by the LineStyle attribute of the GraphReference style

element in the current style.)lineattrs=(pattern=2);

THICKNESS= specify the thickness of the line. The default unit is pixels.

Supported units of measure are CM, IN, MM, PCT, PT, or

PX. (The default line thickness is specified by the

LineThickness attribute of the GraphReference style

element in the current style.)lineattrs=(thickness=3);

131

Line Patterns

Examples of specifying the line patterns are shown below:

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refline &minsurg &avgsurg &maxsurg/lineattrs=(color=blue pattern=8);

refline &minsurg &avgsurg &maxsurg/lineattrs=(color=blue pattern=MediumDashShortDash);

Use name or number

as PATTERN= value.

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Using DATALABEL with a Variable

Most PROC SGPLOT (and PROC SGSCATTER)

statements support the use of an identifying variable with

the DATALABEL option. If you specify a variable, then the

values of that variable are used for the data labels. If you

do not specify a variable, then the values of the calculated

response are used for the data labels.

132

Option Form Usage in SGPLOT Statements

DATALABEL or

DATALABEL=variable

DOT, HBOX, VBOX, HLINE, VLINE, LOESS,

NEEDLE, PBSPLINE, SCATTER, SERIES,

STEP, VECTOR

Also supported with SGSCATTER procedure

COMPARE, MATRIX, and PLOT statements.

DATALABEL only HBAR, VBAR

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KEYLEGEND Statement Model Syntax

The KEYLEGEND statement can enhance your graph

with legend information. You can place a legend for every

PLOT statement or collection of PLOT statements. Model

syntax for the KEYLEGEND statement is:

133

KEYLEGEND / <options>;

KEYLEGEND "name1" "name2" / <options>;

Selected Options Action…

TITLE Specify a legend title.

ACROSS | DOWN Specify legend lines across and/or down.

POSITION Specify legend position:

BOTTOM, BOTTOMLEFT, BOTTOMRIGHT, LEFT,

RIGHT, TOP, TOPLEFT, or TOPRIGHT.

LOCATION Specify legend location: INSIDE or OUTSIDE.

BORDER Specify whether legend should have a border.

134

Customizing Graphs with Statement Options

Many of the SGPLOT procedure options shown in this

section are supported by multiple statements.

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LEGENDLABEL x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x

LINEATTRS x x x x x x x x x x x

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Customizing Marker and Fill Attributes

Marker and fill attributes can be changed with the

following options in more than one SGPLOT procedure

statement:

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MARKERATTRS x x x x x x x x x

MARKERS x x x x

NOMARKERS x x x

FILLATTRS x x x x

TRANSPARENCY x x x x x x x x x x x x x

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Specifying Marker Attributes

To specify colors, symbol or symbol size, use the

following suboptions for the MARKERATTRS option:

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SUB-OPTION Example

COLOR= specify a color. (The default color for ungrouped data is

specified by the ContrastColor attribute of the

GraphDataDefault style element in the current style.)markerattrs=(color=blue);

markerattrs=(color=cx0000ff);

SYMBOL= specify a symbol. (The default symbol for ungrouped data is

specified by the MarkerSymbol attribute of the

GraphDataDefault style element in the current style.)markerattrs=(symbol=starfilled);

SIZE= specify the size of the marker symbol. The default unit is

pixels. Supported units of measure are CM, IN, MM, PCT, PT,

or PX. (The default size for ungrouped data is specified by the

MarkerSize attribute of the GraphDataDefault style element in

the current style.)markerattrs=(size=5px);

137

Changing Marker Symbols

The available list of marker symbols can be found in the

documentation:

137

138




Procedures



and Plots


1.6 Using PROC SGPANEL to Display Multiple

Cells Per Page1.7 Using PROC SGSCATTER to Produce Multiple Plots Per

Page




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Using PROC SGPANEL to Display Multiple Cells Per Page

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PROC SGPANEL

PROC SGPANEL produces graphs similar to PROC

SGPLOT, but creates separate cells for each value of

a categorical variable or crossing of multiple categorical

variables. You can control the placement of the cells on

a graph.

141

General SGPANEL Syntax

PROC SGPANEL statement – invokes the procedure

and specifies input data set

Plot statement – specifies type of graph, variables,

and options.

PANELBY statement – specifies the classification

variables and the arrangement of cells on the page.

Axis statements – control appearance of axes

(optional)

KEYLEGEND statement – controls appearance of

legend (optional)

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PROC SGPANEL: Plot Statements

The plot statements supported by PROC SGPANEL

are the same as those supported by PROC SGPLOT.

They include HBAR, VBAR, HISTOGRAM, SCATTER,

SERIES, and others.

As with PROC SGPLOT, multiple plot statements

produce overlay graphs.

The same options used to control plot appearance

with PROC SGPLOT (such as LINEATTRS,

FILLATTRS, etc.) can be used with PROC SGPANEL.

143

The PANELBY Statement

The PANELBY statement lists one or more categorical

variables.

proc sgpanel data=orion.profit;where company in ('Orion Belgium'

'Orion Germany' 'Orion France' 'Orion Italy');

panelby company;series y=sales x=yymm;title 'Monthly Sales';run;

144

PANELBY Statement Options

Options on the PANELBY statement specify the

arrangement of cells

proc sgpanel data=orion.profit;where company in ('Orion Belgium‘

'Orion Germany''Orion France' 'Orion Italy');

panelby company/layout=columnlattice onepanel;series y=sales x=yymm;title 'Monthly Sales';run;

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Additional PANELBY Statement Options

proc sgpanel data=orion.profit;where company in ('Orion Belgium'

'Orion Germany''Orion France' 'Orion Italy');

panelby company/layout=columnlattice colheaderpos=bottomonepanel noborder novarname;

series y=sales x=yymm;title 'Monthly Sales';run;

146

Multiple PANELBY Variables

proc sgpanel data=orion.customer_orders;panelby order_type customer_gender;vbar customer_country;title 'Orders by Country, Order Type,

Gender';run;

147

Removing Borders Between Cells

proc sgpanel data=orion.customer_orders;panelby customer_gender / noborder

spacing=30 novarname;vbar customer_country;title 'Orders by Country, Gender';run;

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Demonstration



149

Reference: SGPANEL Procedure


SGPANEL material. For a comprehensive syntax guide,

refer to the documentation topic, entitled: “The SGPANEL

Procedure” in the SAS/GRAPH(R) 9.2: Statistical

Graphics Procedures Guide, Second Edition.

150

PROC SGPANEL Plot Statements

Basic plots

– SCATTER, SERIES, NEEDLE,

– STEP, BAND, VECTOR

Fits and confidence

– REG, LOESS, PBSPLINE

Distributions

– HISTOGRAM, DENSITY

– VBOX, HBOX

Categorization

– DOT, VBAR, HBAR

– VLINE, HLINE

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PANELBY Statement and Options

PANELBY variable(s) </options>;

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Option Description

BORDER |

NOBORDER

Shows or suppresses borders around each cell.

Default is determined by the style you are using.

COLHEADERPOS= |

ROWHEADERPOS=

Specified the location of column and row

headings in the panel in Lattice-type layouts.

Default for columns is TOP. Default for rows is

RIGHT for lattice layout.

COLUMNS= |

ROWS=

Specifies the number of columns and rows to

use in each panel (page).

LAYOUT= Specifies panel, lattice, columnlattice, or

rowlattice layout for the panel.

MISSING Treats missing values as a classification level

and creates cells for it.

continued...

152

PANELBY Statement and Options

152

Option Description

NOVARNAME Suppresses the name of the variable from row

and column headers and only displays the

variable values.

ONEPANEL Forces the panel to display on a single page.

SPACING= Specifies the number of pixels between rows

and columns in the panel.

SPARSE Shows empty cells for combinations of

classification variables with no data.

START= Places the first cell in the panel in the top left or

bottom left corner. Default is TOPLEFT.

UNISCALE= Creates identical scaling of shared axes for

rows and/or columns. Default is both (ALL).

153

PROC SGPANEL Additional Statements

Add elements to plots:

– KEYLEGEND

– REFLINE

Manipulate axes:

– COLAXIS, ROWAXIS

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PROC SGPANEL Axis Concepts

With the SGPANEL procedure, you have the ability to

control options for the plot axes. The COLAXIS statement

specifies the properties for each x-axis in the panel and

the ROWAXIS statement specifies the properties for each

y-axis in the panel.

154

rowaxis

colaxis

155

PROC SGPANEL AXIS Options

Axis statements use these selected options.

155

Option Usage

ALTERNATE Adds reference ticks to each side of the panel and alternates

the tick values for each row or column between the two sides.

DISPLAY= Specify which axis features should be displayed.

LABEL= Specify an axis label.

GRID Specify placement of a grid line at each tick on the axis.

TYPE= Specify the type of axis: DISCRETE, LINEAR, LOG, or TIME.

DISCRETEORDER= Specify the discrete tick value order.

INTERVAL= Specify the tick interval for a TIME axis.

FITPOLICY= Specify the method to fit horizontal axis tick mark values.

VALUES= Specify values for the tick marks on the axis.

REFTICKS Adds tick marks to the side of the panel that is opposite from

the specified axis. To add tick marks to the top side of the

panel, specify the REFTICKS option in the COLAXIS

statement.

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Procedures



and Plots



Page

1.7 Using PROC SGSCATTER to Produce Multiple

Plots Per Page1.8 The ODS Graphics Designer



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157

Using PROC SGSCATTER to Produce Multiple Plots Per Page

158

PROC SGSCATTER

PROC SGSCATTER produces multiple scatter or

line plots on a page, with the cells reflecting different

combinations of plot variables.

159

General SGSCATTER Syntax

PROC SGSCATTER Statement – invokes the

procedure and specifies input data set

PLOT, COMPARE, MATRIX statement – specifies

type of graph, variables, and options.

Axis statements are not supported

Legend is controlled by options in PLOT statement

Note that:

– Only certain types of plots can be produced

– Plot type is specified as an option on the PLOT,

COMPARE, or MATRIX statement.

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PLOT Statement

proc sgscatter data=orion.budget;where month le 6;plot (yr2003 yr2004 yr2005 yr2006)*month;title 'Monthly Budget by Year';title2 '(First 6 Months)';run;

161

Arranging Multiple Cells on a Page

proc sgscatter data=orion.budget;where month le 6;plot (yr2003 yr2004 yr2005)*month/join

columns=1 uniscale=y;title 'Monthly Budget by Year';title2 '(First 6 Months)';run;

162

COMPARE Statement – Shared Axes

proc sgscatter data=orion.budget;where month le 6;compare x=month y=(yr2003 yr2004 yr2005) /

join spacing=10;title 'Monthly Budget by Year';title2 '(First 6 Months)';run;

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MATRIX Statement – Scatterplot Matrices

proc sgscatter data=orion.heart;where ageatstart>60;matrix weight diastolic systolic/group=sex

diagonal=(histogram normal);title 'Comparison of Weight, Systolic, and Diastolic';run;

164

SGPANEL vs. SGSCATTER

What’s the difference?

SGPANEL creates a separate cell for each value of a

categorical variable or variables.

– Example: Sales by Month with a separate cell for

each country

SGSCATTER creates cells for different combinations

of variables

– Example: Sales by Month and Cost by Month (for

all countries), on the same page

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Demonstration



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Reference: SGSCATTER Procedure


SGSCATTER material. For a comprehensive syntax

guide, refer to the documentation topic, entitled: “The

SGSCATTER Procedure” in the SAS/GRAPH(R) 9.2:

Statistical Graphics Procedures Guide, Second Edition.

167

The SGSCATTER Procedure

167

PROC SGSCATTER < option(s)>;

COMPARE statement;

MATRIX statement;

PLOT statement;

RUN;

168

Forms of the PLOT Statement

PLOT plot-request-1 <…plot-request-n> </options>;

168

Plot request Description

y-variable * x-variable Creates one plot of y-by-x.

(y-variables) * (x-variables) Creates a plot for each combination

of y-by-x.

(y-variables) * x-variable Creates a plot of each y-variable

by x.

y-variable * (x-variables) Creates a plot of y by each

x-variable.

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Overlay Options

ELLIPSE

JOIN (line plot)

LOESS

PBSPLINE

REG

169

Option Description

REG Adds a regression fit line to the scatter plot with

optional confidence limits and line attributes.

ELLIPSE Adds a confidence (TYPE=MEAN) or prediction

(TYPE=PREDICTED) ellipse to the scatter plot.

LOESS Adds a LOESS fit to the scatter plot, with optional

confidence limits and line attributes.

PBSPLINE Adds a penalized B-spline fit to the scatter plot

with optional confidence limits and line attributes.

JOIN Specifies that line segments join all data points

in increasing order along the x-axis.

170

PROC SGSCATTER Axis Concepts

Because SGSCATTER plots are arranged in panels, any

axis adjustments must be made with syntax specific for

each statement:

170

SGSCATTER

Statement

Information About AXIS control

PLOT By default, the axis ranges of each cell are independent from

the other cells. However, you can use the UNISCALE= option

to specify that all of the cells use the same axis ranges for the

X axis, the Y axis, or both axes. The PLOT statement also

allows the use of the GRID option and the REFTICKS option.

COMPARE You can perform simple X or Y axis sharing by specifying only

one X or Y variable in your COMPARE statement. In addition,

the REFTICKS option allows you to duplicate the tick marks

from the X and Y axes on the opposite sides of the graph.

MATRIX PROC SGSCATTER does not give you explicit axis control

with the MATRIX statement output.

171

More Selected Options

171

Option Description

COLUMNS=

ROWS=

Specifies the number of columns or rows

to display the cells.

DATALABEL Displays variable or data values for each

point.

GRID Creates grid lines for each axis.

GROUP= Groups observations by a classification

variable. Symbols and fit lines are identified

by color and style.

continued...

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More Selected Options

Option Description

LEGEND= Specifies the appearance of the legend.

NOLEGEND Suppresses the legend.

MARKERATTRS= Specifies appearance of markers in the

plot.

SPACING= Specifies the number of pixels between

cells in the graph.

TRANSPARENCY= Specifies the degree of transparency for

plot components.

172

173

MATRIX Statement

Creates a scatter plot matrix with optional ellipse overlays

and optional distribution plots in the diagonal cells.

For n variables, a matrix of n-by-n cells is created, with

(n2–n) scatter plots.

173

174

MATRIX Statement

MATRIX variable-1 <…variable-n> </options>;

174

Option Description

DIAGONAL= Specifies graphs (HISTOGRAM, NORMAL,

KERNEL) to add to the diagonal cells.

DATALABEL= Displays variable values for each point.

ELLIPSE Adds a confidence or prediction ellipse to

each cell.



by color and style.

continued...

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MATRIX Statement

Option Description


NOLEGEND Suppresses the legend from the graph.

START= Specifies whether the diagonal starts in the

top left corner or the bottom left corner.

MARKERATTRS= Specifies appearance of markers in the plot.

TRANSPARENCY= Specifies the degree of transparency for plot

components.

175

MATRIX variable-1 <…variable-n> </options>;

176

COMPARE Statement

Creates a comparative panel of scatter plots with shared

axes.

Supports several overlay options that are applied to all

cells of the graph.

176

177

Form of the COMPARE Statement

COMPARE X = variable | (variable-1…variable-n)

Y = variable | (variable-1…variable-n)

</options>;

177

Overlay Option Description

REG Adds regression fit lined to the scatter plots with


ELLIPSE Adds confidence (TYPE=MEAN) or prediction

(TYPE=PREDICTED) ellipses to the scatter plots.

LOESS Adds LOESS fits to the scatter plots, with optional

confidence limits and line attributes.

PBSPLINE Adds penalized B-spline fits to the scatter plots with


JOIN Specifies that line segments join all data points in

increasing order along the x-axis within each plot.

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Selected Options

178

Option Description

REFTICKS Duplicates the tick marks from the X and Y

axes on the opposite sides of the graph.

DATALABEL Displays variable or data values for each

point.

GRID Creates grid lines for each axis.



by color and style.

continued...

179

Selected Options

Option Description


NOLEGEND Suppresses the legend.

MARKERATTRS= Specifies appearance of markers in the

plot.

SPACING= Specifies the number of pixels between

cells in the graph.

TRANSPARENCY= Specifies the degree of transparency for

plot components.

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1.8 The ODS Graphics Designer1.9 Editing Graphs Produced by SG Procedures


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The ODS Graphics Designer

182

ODS Graphics Designer

The ODS Graphics Designer provides an interactive

interface for creating the same types of graphs produced

by the SGPLOT, SGPANEL, and SGRENDER

procedures. It also allows creation of some types of

graphs that cannot be created with the above procedures.

To invoke the ODS Graphics Designer, submit the

following statement from your SAS Editor:

The ODS Graphics Designer comes up in a separate

application window.

%sgdesign;

183

Graphics Designer Main Window

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184

Creating a Graph Using the Designer

Select a graph type from the Graph Gallery. Graph is

displayed using default data sets and variables.

Fill in popup form to specify your data set, variables,

and options. Updated graph is displayed.

Add additional plots and elements by dragging them

from the Elements Pane onto the graph

or

Add additional panels to the graph and then drag plots

and elements into the panels.

185

Select a Graph from Graph Gallery

Graph is created with default data

Data menu is displayed

186

Choose Data Set and Variables

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187

Add Title and Right Click for Options

188

After Changes

189

Drag Legend On To Graph

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190

Add Another Panel to Graph

Select Row from Insert pull-down.

191

New Row Is Added

192

Drag a Plot Into Empty Row & Specify Details

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193

Overlay Another Plot in Panel

Drag Plot Layer into Panel and Fill in Details.

194

Plot After Adding Overlay

195

Right Click Plot and Add Enhancements

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196

Save Graph to Gallery

197

Specify Location and Name, then Save

We will come back to

the graph later…..

198

Creating Paneled Graphs

Select Panel tab from Gallery and choose graph type.

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199

Fill in Panel and Plot Variables

200

Paneled Graph

201

Some Other Graphs in the Gallery

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202

Click "My Graphs" Tab to See Saved Graphs

203

Can I Save Code Generated by the Designer?

Good news – code can be viewed and saved

Bad news – code is Graphics Template Language and

PROC SGRENDER, but…

Good news – the code is a good way to learn GTL!

204

Click View Code to See Generated Code

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205

Using Saved Layouts as Templates for Other Graphs Double-click graphs from Gallery window, and change

parameters as needed

Modify and run the generated GTL code with PROC

SGRENDER

Use PROC SGDESIGN

– You can change input data set and plot variables in

the PROC SGDESIGN code.

206

Using PROC SGDESIGN

This program replays the saved graph, specifying a

different grouping variable for the bar chart.

proc sgdesign sgd='globalforum2011.sgd';dynamic _order_type='supplier';run;

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Demonstration



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Procedures



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209

Editing Graphs Produced by SG Procedures

210

Purpose of the ODS Graphics Editor

Primary purpose – make simple, ad-hoc changes to

graphs created by SG and other procedures.

Add simple annotation to graphs (text, lines, symbols)

Data components (including tick labels) cannot be

modified.

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211

Enabling the Editing of ODS Graphics

You can use the ODS Graphics Editor to make edits to

graphs created with ODS graphics. The ODS Editor

cannot be used to edit graphcs created with "classic"

SAS/GRAPH procedures.

To enable use of the editor, submit the following

statement:

ods listing sge=on;

212

Creating an Editable Graph

When a SG procedure is run and SGE=ON is specified,

the results window shows two graphs – one is an image

file, and the second is the editable graph.

image file

editable

graph

213

Opening the Editable Graph

Double-clicking on the editable graph opens it in the

ODS Graphics Editor.

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214

Editing the Graph

Right clicking on a graph component brings us a dialog

you can use to modify the component.

215

Graph After Editing

216

Saving the Edited Graph

Click on File Save as….

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217

Saving the Edited Graph

You can save the edited graph as either:

A .png (Portable Network Graphics) file, which can be

printed or inserted into other documents

A .sge file, which can be opened and re-edited with

the ODS Graphics Editor

The ODS Graphics Editor does not generate SAS

code.

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Demonstration



219




Procedures



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Upcoming Features and Conclusions

221

Upcoming ODS Graphics Features in SAS 9.3

Clustered groups for bar charts

Fill pattern "skins" for bar charts

Bubble plots

High-Low Plots

Pie Charts

Attribute maps

Annotation

Maps (experimental)

Default output to web page instead of image file

222

Clustered Groups and "Skins" for Bar Charts

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223

Bubble Plots

224

High-Low Plots

225

Pie Charts

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226

Annotate

227

Some Considerations

You cannot use SAS to combine ODS Graphics with

graphs produced by "classic" SAS/GRAPH procedures

ODS Graphics cannot produce some types of graphs that

"classic" SAS/GRAPH procedures can, such as:

Pie and donut charts

Radar charts

3D bar charts

Maps

Tile charts

ODS Graphics does not (yet) support Annotate

continued...

228

Some Considerations

ODS Graphics can produce the following types of graphs

that "classic" procedures cannot, including:

Density plots

Ellipse plots

Vector plots

Horizontal box plots

ODS Graphics can produce the following types of graphs

much more easily than "classic" SAS/GRAPH procedures:

Overlay plots

Panel graphs

Plot matrices

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Which Should I Choose?

If you are already creating graphs for a specific

application using "classic" SAS/GRAPH procedures,

continue to use them (they won’t go away).

If your graphs require complex annotation, use

"classic" SAS/GRAPH procedures.

Consider using SG procedures for new applications

that do not require complex annotation.

230

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