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Advancing Youth FuturesSM
© The Legacy Center for Community Success
Child Abuse Council Spring ConferenceNorth Central Michigan College
Petoskey, MichiganApril 25, 2014
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Advancing Youth Futures• Advancing Youth Futures (AYF) began in Midland
County with request by Probate Court Judge (Juvenile Court) Dorene Allen to “get inside the heads of my court wards and find out what makes them tick!”
• AYF program developed and implemented that in the past 5 years has– Reduced delinquency >50%– Reduced re-offense rate by >70%– Reduced offenses by younger siblings from >40% to <5%– Saved $3 million– Improved multiple adolescent health outcomes
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Advancing Youth Futures
What is Advancing Youth Futures (AYF)?Comprehensive, integrated, and systemic approach to reducing
adolescent youths’ risk-taking behaviors to improve delinquent and health-related outcomes
• AYF Components– Base line assessment of Developmental Assets and Risk-Taking
Behaviors– Regression analysis to determine most impactful elements– Enhancements/development of youth-oriented programs– Program evaluations and adjustments– Evaluation of delinquent and health-related outcomes– Follow-up assessment of Developmental Assets and Risk-
Taking Behaviors
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Advancing Youth Futures
• What are Developmental Assets?– Model originated by Search Institute– Based on 40 positive character traits or attributes
that youth should possess– 20 External Assets—Relationships and
opportunities that young people experience in their families, schools and communities
– 20 Internal Assets—Competencies and values that youth develop internally to guide behaviors and choices
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Advancing Youth FuturesWhat is the base line assessment of Developmental Assets and Risk-Taking Behaviors?• 160 question survey• Measures:
− 40 Developmental Assets− 24 Risk-Taking Behaviors− 5 Deficits− 8 Thriving Behaviors− 10 High-Risk Behaviors
• Provides evidence-based research on adolescent development and comprehensive profiles of youth
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Advancing Youth Futures
2 Studies in Midland County (2006 and 2011)
Demographics of 2011 Study• Participants (Midland County Public School 6th-12th Graders )
– 3,007 Girls– 3,028 Boys 6,035 Total (86% participation) [vs. ~81% in 2006]
• 68 of 6,103 (1.1%) Surveys discarded for irregularities – Inconsistent responses– Guessing– Incomplete responses
• 3-7% discarded nationally• Estimated error < ±1%
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Advancing Youth Futures
• Alcohol Use•Binge Drinking• Marijuana Use• Smokeless Tobacco Use• Illegal Drug Use• Driving While Drinking• Sexual Intercourse• Vandalism• Inhalant Use• Smoking• Shoplifting• Using a Weapon
• Eating Disorders• Skipping School• Gambling• Depression• Getting into Trouble• Hitting Another Person• Hurting Another Person• Fighting in Groups• Carrying a Weapon for Protection• Threatening to Cause Physical Harm• Attempting Suicide• Riding with an Impaired Driver
24 Risk-Taking Behaviors Evaluated
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0-10 Assets 11-20 Assets 21-30 Assets 31-40 Assets0
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2
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5
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8
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10
8.8
4.8
2.1
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8.4
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Risk-Taking Behaviors Versus Assets
Number of Developmental Assets
Num
ber o
f Ris
k-Ta
king
Beh
avio
rs 2006 Results2011 Results
More Developmental Assets Results in Fewer Risk-Taking Behaviors
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Advancing Youth Futures• Education about negative consequences of Risk-Taking
behaviors is the standard approach but is mostly ineffective– Gain from the Risk-Taking behavior is immediate– Negative consequences are deferred and only probable or
even likely, but never certain• Developmental Assets analogous to vaccinations
– More Developmental Assets; Fewer Risk-Taking behaviors• There is a likely hierarchy of Developmental Assets
– Certain ones mitigate specific Risk-Taking Behaviors– Analogous to specific vaccines utilized for specific diseases
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Advancing Youth FuturesHow do we determine which Developmental Assets are most important for programs to emphasize?
• Regression analysis allows us to see which of the 40 Developmental Assets have the greatest impact on a specific risk behavior
• The results vary somewhat for each risk behavior but with consistent findings
• “Top tier” Developmental Assets that affect all risk-taking behaviors
• “Second tier” Developmental Assets specific to certain individual risk-taking behaviors
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0
24
18
0
5
10
15
20
25
30Num
ber o
f Ass
ets
Grade Level
Growth of Developmental Assets Over Time
6th Grade 12th GradeBirth
"Institutions"-Family-School-Faith-based-Community
"Peers"
"Tipping Point" occursat onset of adolescence; "Peers" supercede "Institutions"
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Advancing Youth Futures
• Assets grow from birth through 6th grade owing to positive influence of “institutions”
• Assets decline from 6th-12th grade owing to influence of “peers”– Consequence of normal maturation– Adolescents tend to push back/resist guidance of
“institutions”– Adolescents more accepting of advice of “peers”
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Regression Analysis Results
Top Tier Assets• Positive Peers• Restraint• Resistance Skills• Adult Role Models
Risk-Taking Behaviors• Alcohol• Tobacco• Marijuana• Illicit Drugs• Drinking and
Driving/Riding• Sex• Antisocial Behavior• Violence• Gambling
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Regression Analysis Results
Second Tier Assets• Adult Role Models• School Engagement• Bonding to School• Time at Home• Achievement Motivation• Honesty
Risk-Taking Behaviors• Alcohol• Tobacco• Marijuana• Illicit Drugs• Drinking and
Driving/Riding• Sex• Antisocial Behavior• Violence• Gambling
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Regression Analysis Results
Top Tier Assets• Self-esteem• Sense of Purpose• Positive Peers
Risk-Taking Behaviors• Depression• Suicidal Behavior• Eating Disorder
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Regression Analysis Results
Second Tier Assets• Personal Power• Family Support• Community Values Youth• Safety• Youth as Resources• Positive View of Personal
Future
Risk-Taking Behavior• Depression• Suicidal Behavior
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Advancing Youth Futures• Regression Analysis indicates that the most
impactful Developmental Assets overall are− Positive Peers
− Restraint (Risk avoidance)− Resistance (Refusing to participate when offered)
− Adult Role Models• Developmental Assets that most directly affect
Positive Peers are− Creative Activities− Organized Youth Activities− Faith-Based Activities
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Common Characteristics of Creative, Youth and Faith-Based Activities
• Increase probability of association with other wholesome youth
• Expend time and energy• Include imposed structure or rules• Associated with adult role models• Provide opportunity for adult role models to
“coach”—i.e., give advice that is more likely to be heeded
Advancing Youth Futures
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Recent research findings about teens (Laurence Steinberg, Distinguished University Professor and Laura H. Carnell Professor of Psychology, Temple University)•Teens value rewards much more than concerns about negative consequences•They are significantly more apt to take risks•The influence of friends profoundly affects their behavioral choices
“Think of it as an equation where consequences aren’t given the weight they should be. And when teens are around friends, that throws off the equation even more.” --Laurence Steinberg, National Geographic, October 2011
Advancing Youth Futures
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10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-19 20-22 23-25 26-300
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
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100
Advancing Youth Futures
Age
Ris
k Pr
efer
ence
Inde
x
Laurence Steinberg, Temple University (2011)
HigherRiskPreference
LowerRiskPreference
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Advancing Youth Futures
2011 Findings vs. 2006• Significant improvement overall in Developmental Assets
compared to 2006 (+15% Average Increase)– 32 Increased– 2 Remained the same– 6 Decreased
• Significant reduction overall in Risk-Taking Behaviors– Developmental Asset-building programs appear to be gaining traction– Developmental Assets “immunizing” youth against Risk-Taking
Behaviors• Significant improvement in Key Developmental Assets
– Positive Peers [7176%]– Resistance [4651%]– Restraint [5256%]– Adult Role Models [3133%]
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Advancing Youth Futures2011 Findings vs. 2006• Significant improvement in School- and Family-
Related Developmental AssetsSchool-Related– Caring School Climate [3638%]– School Boundaries [5256%]– Bonding to School [6570%]– Homework [5154%]Family-Related– Parent Involvement in Schools [3336%]– Family Boundaries [4950%]– Time at Home [6163%]– Family Support [6971%]
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Advancing Youth Futures2011 Findings vs. 2006• Significant reduction in Substance Abusive Risk-
Taking BehaviorsAlcohol– Drunk in past 2 weeks [1611%]– Used in past 30 days [2618%]– Drove after drinking [96%]– Rode with drinking driver [3126%]Marijuana– Used in past 12 months [1816%]Tobacco– Smoked in past 30 days [1310%]Other Illicit Drugs (Cocaine, Heroin, Amphetamines, LSD and PCP)– Used once in past 12 months [86%]
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Advancing Youth Futures2011 Findings vs. 2006• Significant reduction in Anti-Social Risk-Taking Behaviors
– Hit someone [3225%]– In group fight [1813%]– In trouble with police [1614%]– Vandalism [1511%]– Shoplifted [1712%]– Attempted Suicide [1411%]– Depressed [1514%]– Eating Disorders [1412%]– Gambled [2819%]– Truant [2221%]– Threatened to harm others [2723%]
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Advancing Youth Futures
• Developmental Assets approach applied to reducing delinquent behavior in Midland County by Judge Dorene Allen
• Adopted evidence-based Developmental Asset-building programs among Midland County Court Wards
• Significant collaboration among community youth-serving agencies in providing Developmental Asset-building programs
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Advancing Youth Futures
• Foundations/United Way/Civic Clubs
• Midland County Schools (all districts)
• City and County Governments • Juvenile Care Center• Community Mental Health for
Central Michigan• Greater Midland Community
Centers (all locations)• West Midland Family Center• Creative 360• ROCK Youth Center
• Shelterhouse• Big Brothers/Big Sisters• Library• Midland Center for the Arts• Family & Children’s Services• Midland Area Partnership for Drug
Free Youth• Boy/Girl Scouts• 4-H• Faith-based Community• Private Providers• Others
Strong Collaboration among Midland County youth-serving funders and organizations
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Advancing Youth Futures
• Extending concept by applying it to improve youth health outcomes
• Address social determinants of Risk-Taking behaviors
• Focus on Prevention versus Treatment– Initial results are most encouraging
• Reductions in– Alcohol and drug influenced car crashes– Teen pregnancy and STD rates– Hospital admissions for depression, eating disorders and suicide
attempts
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Midland County Youth Master Plan
Physical HealthSocial,
Emotional & Spiritual Health
Education Basic Needs& Safety
Enhance parenting educationInform and engage the community
Increase access to youth programs and servicesIncrease collaboration and community partnerships
Build Developmental Assets in our youth
GOALS
THE BIG PICTURE
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Advancing Youth FuturesPoints to remember
• More Developmental Assets = Fewer Risk-Taking Behavior
• On average, Developmental Assets decline in adolescence
• Certain Developmental Assets affect Risk-Taking Behaviors more than others
• Youth-serving programs positively influence the level of Developmental Assets
• Participation in the Advancing Youth Futures system will improve adolescent outcomes within the community
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Advancing Youth Futures
How do you strengthen Developmental Assets for all young people?
• All young people need Developmental Assets• Everyone can build Developmental Assets• Building Developmental Assets is an ongoing
process• Relationships are crucial• Send consistent messages• Repeat the message – again and again
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Conduct Regression
Analysis
Conduct Developmental Assets Survey
Enhance/Develop Youth-
Serving Programs
Evaluate/Adjust Programs
(Developmental Assets Profile)
Track and Evaluate Youth
Outcomes
Advancing Youth Futures System Summary
~ 5 Years
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Advancing Youth Futures
• Recommendations for consideration– Complete Developmental Assets survey among 6th-
12th graders– Complete regression analysis to determine most
impactful Developmental Assets– Consult on/evaluate programmatic improvements
that promote desired Developmental Assets– Track adolescent behavioral progress– Repeat survey in ~5 years
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What questions may I address?
Advancing Youth Futures
For further information, contactRichard DolinskiThe Legacy Center for Community Success3200 James Savage RoadMidland, MI 48642Tel. 989.496.1425E-mail: [email protected]
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Positive View of Personal FutureAcheivement Motivation
HonestyIntegrity
Bonding to SchoolResponsibility
School EngagementSense of Purpose
RestraintHomework
Peaceful Conflict ResolutionCaring
Equality and Social JusticeInterpersonal Competence
Self-EsteermPersonal Power
Resistance SkillsCultural Competence
Planning & Decision MakingReading for Pleasure
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
72
69
67
67
65
63
60
59
52
51
51
48
48
47
47
46
46
41
30
27
75
74
70
71
70
65
67
64
56
54
54
49
48
51
51
48
51
39
33
26
Internal Developmental Assets 2011 Vs. 2006
Percent
2011 Results 2006 Results
Deve
lopm
enta
l Ass
ets
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Positive Peer InfluenceFamily Support
Time at HomeYouth Programs
SafetyReligious Community
Service to OthersSchool BoundariesHigh Expectations
Neighborhood BoundariesFamily Boundaries
Other Adult RelationshipsCaring NeighborhoodsCaring School Climate
Positive Family CommunicationsParent Involvement in Schools
Youth as ResourcesAdult Role Models
Community Values YouthCreative Activities
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 8071
69
61
61
58
58
54
52
50
50
49
48
40
36
33
33
31
31
26
22
76
71
63
61
57
55
56
58
54
53
50
50
39
38
35
36
34
33
29
19
External Developmental Assets 2011 Vs. 2006
Percent
Dev
elop
men
tal A
sset
s
2011 Results 2006 Results
