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POWERPOINT® LECTURE SLIDE PRESENTATIONby LYNN CIALDELLA, MA, MBA, The University of Texas at Austin
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
HUMAN PHYSIOLOGYAN INTEGRATED APPROACH FOURTH EDITION
DEE UNGLAUB SILVERTHORN
UNIT 2UNIT 2
PART A
9 The Central Nervous System
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
About this Chapter
Emergent properties of neural networks
Evolution of nervous system
Anatomy of the central nervous system
The spinal cord
The brain
Brain function
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1a
Evolution of Nervous Systems
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Evolution of Nervous Systems
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Evolution of Nervous Systems
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1d
Evolution of Nervous Systems
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 9-1e
Evolution of Nervous Systems
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Evolution of Nervous Systems
Figure 9-1f
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The Embryonic Nervous System
Figure 9-2a
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The Embryonic Nervous System
Figure 9-2b
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The Embryonic Nervous System
The neural tube specializes into the seven major regions of the nervous system
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The Embryonic Nervous System
Figure 9-3b
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The Embryonic Nervous System
Figure 9-3c
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Anatomy: Gray and White Matter
Gray matter Unmyelinated nerve cell bodies
Dendrites
Axon terminals
White matter Myelinated axons
Contains very few cell bodies
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Anatomy: Bone and Connective Tissue
Brain is encased in bony skull or cranium
Spinal cord runs through vertebral column
Meninges lies between bone and tissues Dura mater
Arachnoid membrane
Pia mater
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Anatomy: Meningeal Layers
Figure 9-4b
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Anatomy Summary: Cerebrospinal Fluid
Figure 9-5b
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Anatomy Summary: Cerebrospinal Fluid
Figure 9-5c
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Anatomy: Blood-Brain Barrier
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Anatomy: Blood-Brain Barrier
Figure 9-6b
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Neural Tissue: Metabolic Needs
Oxygen Passes freely across blood-brain barrier
Brain receives 15% of blood pumped by heart
Glucose Brain responsible for about half of body’s glucose
consumption
Membrane transporters move glucose from plasma into the brain interstitial fluid
Hypoglycemia leads to confusion, unconsciousness, and death
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Spinal Cord: Overview
Central nervous system, posterior view
Figure 9-4a
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Spinal Cord: Anatomy
Specialization in the spinal cord
Figure 9-7a
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Spinal Cord: Anatomy
Figure 9-7b
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Spinal Cord: Anatomy
Propriospinal tracts remain within the cord
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Spinal Cord: Anatomy
Figure 9-7c (2 of 2)
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Spinal Cord: Integrating Center
Figure 9-8
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Anatomy of the Brain
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The Brain: The Brain Stem
11 of 12 cranial nerves originate along brain stem Vagus nerve is a mixed nerve
Many nuclei are associated with reticular formation
Medulla Somatosensory and corticospinal tracts in white matter
Pyramids
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The Brain: Cerebellum
Lateral view of brain
The cerebellum coordinates movement
Figure 9-9b
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The Brain: Diencephalon
Figure 9-10
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The Brain: Hypothalamus
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Mid-Sagittal View of Brain
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Gray Matter of the Cerebrum
Figure 9-11
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The Brain: The Limbic System
Emotion, memory, and learning
Figure 9-13
