POWERPOINT 25POWERPOINT 25

The New Deal, 1933 - 1939

Rock BottomRock Bottom

Roosevelt takes charge “bank holiday” “fireside chats” FDR seen as a strong, unafraid communicator

“First hundred days” legislation of the New Deal Civilian Conservation Corps Federal Emergency Relief Administration Civil Works Administration

Concentrates on immediate relief, conservation, and regional planning Tennessee Valley Authority

Tennessee Valley

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Economic RecoveryEconomic Recovery

New Deal and agriculture Agricultural Adjustment Act United States v. Butler

Dust Bowl aggravates economic problems “Okies”

National Industrial Recovery Act Public Works Administration National Recovery Administration 746 codes for big business Schechter Poultry Company v. United States

Dust Bowl

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New Deal DiplomacyNew Deal Diplomacy

FDR pledges to put “first things first” New president recognizes communist

government of Soviet Union Joseph Stalin

FDR also advocates Good Neighbor Policy Pan-American Conference Batista and Cuba Cardenas and Mexico

Critics: Right and LeftCritics: Right and Left

Some believe FDR has gone too far, while others feel he has not gone far enough

Huey Long Demagogue from Louisiana Share Our Wealth Society

Father Charles Coughlin Concentrates on free silver

Francis Townsend Advocates $200 per month pension for all Americans

over sixty Funded by 2 percent sales tax

The Second New DealThe Second New Deal

In “Second New Deal,” FDR expanded reforms Eleanor Roosevelt

Social Security Act of 1935 Frances Perkins “Old age insurance” for Americans Funded by payroll tax

Wagner Act of 1935 addressed labor problems AFL and CIO

The Fascist ChallengeThe Fascist Challenge

Hitler becomes German chancellor in 1933 Austrian born leader of the national Socialists Mein Kampf Germany took Rhineland in 1936

Mussolini (Duce) rose to power in Italy in 1922 Invaded Ethiopia in 1935 Haile Selassie at the League of Nations Rome-Berlin Axis (1936)

Americans desired neutrality and isolationism Neutrality Acts

Mandate from the PeopleMandate from the People

The 1936 election is landslide victory for Roosevelt Alfred Landon

Voting patterns undergo dramatic shift as African Americans move into Democratic camp Mary McCleod Bethune Marian Anderson

Presidential Election, 1936

Popular Culture in the DepressionPopular Culture in the Depression

Popular culture Life and Look magazines Superman

Motion pictures Americans flock to nation’s movie theaters Snow White Some films illustrate problems facing Americans The Grapes of Wrath

Politicians and public figures gravitate to radio coverage

The Second TermThe Second Term

FDR and the Supreme Court Court packing miscalculation for the president Supreme Court upheld Wagner Act and Social Security

Act

Labor strikes escalate “Sit down” strike Owners made concessions to workers, and tensions

ease Republic’s South Chicago Mill Strike

Losing GroundLosing Ground Spanish Civil War divides Americans

Abraham Lincoln Brigade Ernest Hemingway

Germany becomes greater threat Sudetenland Neville Chamberlain Kristallnacht U.S. and world continues to look the other way

Roosevelt moves toward tighter money policy, but recession reappears

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Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What were the programs of the New Deal? Which were successes and which were failures?

How did FDR modify American foreign policy in the face of the changing world of the 1930s?

Explain why the Second New Deal focused more on social reform and justice.

Why were some Americans willing to become in involved in the Spanish Civil War, but allowed Hitler to annex the Sudetenland?