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Powering Next-Generation Servers

Alex LidowCEO, International Rectifier

September 20, 2005

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Keeping Servers Cool

Increasing Processing and Storage Demands are pushing the limits in thermal management

• Server power densities increasedfrom 800 W/ft2 to 1600 W/ft2 in last5 years (1)

• More than 50% of the energy consumed in powering and cooling the data center

• Cost of energy for a 500KWdata center exceeds $5M overa 10 year life!

Note (1): Lawrence Berkley National Labs, APC White Paper 2003

Cost of Energy for a 500KW Data Center

HeatTransfer$750K

Power Systems

$720K

Cooling Systems$1400KIT Loads

$2350K

Based on 500KW data center,over 10 year life, at $0.10/kWhr

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Cooling Systems

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Fan Blower Motor Technology

sensors

Brushless DC MotorTrapezoidal ControlUsing Position Sensors

Permanent Magnet AC MotorSinusoidal ControlPosition Sensorless

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Higher Efficiency

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Silent OperationNoise Data Comparison

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A New Approach to Motor Control

Modular Control Engine• Pre-designed control

elements• Fast deterministic

computation• Configurable control

algorithm• Configuration

software with GUI

• Angle estimator algorithm forsensor-less control

• Sinusoidal field oriented controlfor high efficiency and low noise

• Single shunt current re-constructionfor low cost

• Digital PFC algorithm – Improved PFand THD

• Time share withmotor control

• Multiple power conversion andmotor controlunder same MCE

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Mixed-Signal Controller Silicon Implementation

• MCU for application code and communication• MCE for motor control and power conversion control• ASE for analog signal processing

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Driving multiple fan blowers with one controller

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Power Systems

$720K

Cooling Systems$1400KIT Loads

$2350K

HeatTransfer$750K

Heat Transfer Savings

• Efficiency gains from 70% to 90% projected

− Transition from Brush DC, to Trapezoidal Control Brushless (BLDC), to Sensor-less Sinusoidal Control Permanent Magnet (PMAC)

• Energy savings of $160K from higher fan motor efficiency

• Energy savings of $60K associated with reducing cooling system costs

− Less heat from the fan motors

Cost of Energy for a 500KW Data Center

Based on 500KW data center,over 10 year life, at $0.10/kWhr

HeatTransfer$590K

Power Systems

$720K

Cooling Systems$1400KIT Loads

$2350K

HeatTransfer$590K

Power Systems

$720K

Cooling Systems$1340KIT Loads

$2350K

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Power Systems

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Gen 1 DirectFETsGen 1 xPhaseMulti-phase

Advanced DirectFETsGen 2 xPhase

Coupled Inductors20% shrink

Gen 2 DirectFETsGen 3 xPhase

Digital Comm’ns40% shrink

Advancedpower switches

Gen 4 xPhase60% shrink

Vcore DCDC Efficiency Roadmap12V Input, 1.2V & 130A Output

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ZVS Full BridgeSuperJunction FET

Si PFC DiodeDiode rectification

ZVS Full BridgeAdvanced SJ FET

SiC PFC DiodeSync rectification

Bridge-less BoostOCC PFC

SJ FET + SiC PFCAdvanced Topology

Advanced BLB + OCCHigh-level IntegrationAdvanced Switches

Efficiency

ACDC Efficiency Roadmap110~240VAC Input, 12V & 1KW Output

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Power System Savings

• Significant efficiency gains projected:

− DC-DC converters from 88% to 95%

− AC-DC converters from 87% to 94%

• Energy Savings of $440K from higher power systems efficiency

• Energy savings of $140K associated with reducing cooling system costs

− Less heat from the power system

Cost of Energy for a 500KW Data Center

Based on 500KW data center,over 10 year life, at $0.10/kWhr

HeatTransfer$590K

Power Systems

$720K

Cooling Systems$1340KIT Loads

$2350K

HeatTransfer$590K

Power Systems

$280K

Cooling Systems$1340KIT Loads

$2350K

HeatTransfer$590K

Power Systems

$280K

Cooling Systems$1200KIT Loads

$2350K

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Future Server Thermal & Power Management Architecture

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• All power stages reach 90~95% efficiency range

• Total Energy Cost Savings of $800K

HeatTransfer$590K

Power Systems

$280K

Cooling Systems$1200KIT Loads

$2350K

Re-Defining Server Power Management

Cost of Energy for a 500KW Data Center

HeatTransfer$590K

Power Systems

$280K

Cooling Systems$1200KIT Loads

$2350KEnergySavings$800K

• The cost to gain these savings?

• If BOMs increase 20% . . . that’s $9,000 per data center

• Nearly a 1000% ROI per year of operation!

• Central intelligence of all power systems will create further gains in energy savings