Power Electronics in Hybrid Energy Networks Johan Enslin David
Elizondo [email protected][email protected] KEMA Inc. T&D
Consulting Raleigh, NC USA Slide 2 2 Outline n The Future of Energy
Hydrogen Economy Hybrid Hydrogen Economy Energy Web Concept and
Distributed Power n Power Electronics role in the Future of Energy
Interconnection of Large-scale PV Interconnection of Wind Energy n
Energy Storages and FACTS role in the Future of Energy Slide 3 3
Hydrogen Hope and Gamble Slide 4 4 Grid-less Hydrogen Society?
Slide 5 5 Electrolyzer - Water purification - Regulators - Gas
dryer - Integrated Heating - CHP Hydrogen Storage Hybrid AC/DC
Networks H 2 Gas + - V Water Supply H 2 Trucking H 2 Pipeline O 2
Gas Peak Shaving Fuel Cell Power Electronics - Grid Interconnection
- STATCOM / APF - Max Power Tracker - Electricity Storage -
Transfer Switch Control, Protection Comms Local H 2 Use DP -
Network - Hydrogen Hybrid System Concept Electrical Interconnection
Transport Slide 6 6 Energy Web Concept Residence Factory CHP Wind
Microturbine Commercial CHP Central Generation Fuel Cell Flywheel
Substation Photovoltaic Storage Power & Communications Links
Gas Turbines Fuel Cell Car Flow Batteries Pumped Storage
Decentralized DER Dispatch Data Centers Slide 7 7 Energy Web
Concepts n Characteristics of Energy Supply in 2010 Nuclear
Generation: Upgrade and Replace Centralized Nuclear Generation and
Small Scale Pebble Bed Modular Nuclear Reactors Gas &
Electrical Networks merge Move to Hydrogen Renewable Energy
Generation: Targets 10 - 20% (Environmental) High premium on
Network Reliability and Security Shift from power supply to service
orientated culture Slide 8 8 Energy Web Concepts--Cont n Technology
Higher Efficiency for Distributed Generation Flexible and lower
cost power electronic interfaces Less NO x and CO 2 generation
Low-cost, flexible energy storage n Interconnections and
Regulations Standardization of Power and Communication Interfaces
Simplified regulations for small DP Safety considerations in island
operation Formation of self-sustained islanding mini grids Slide 9
9 Energy Web Concepts--Cont n Distributed Power has to Offer: Plug
& Play Functionality with enforced standards Intelligent
Communicating Components Extra services Network Reliability,
Quality, Stability and Security built-in Power Electronics
Multi-fuel driven micro-turbine technologies High efficiency
technologies with CHP functionality Interface Between Hybrid AC /
DC / Gas / Hydrogen Networks Slide 10 10 Distributed and Renewable
Power n Dutch Government and Utilities promote use of renewables
with subsidies and customer programs. n Dutch generation > 35%
distributed CHP Wind (10%) n Some whole suburbs are installed with
roof-mounted PV arrays n Nieuwland 500 homes in total 12 000 m PV.
1 GWh Renewable Energy n 6 GW off-shore wind power is currently
planned for 2020. Amersfoortse suburb Nieuwland Slide 11 11
Distributed Power Trends 2010 Slide 12 12 Interconnection Issues
with DP n Power Quality considerations on system level Background
system distortion; All indices; Network Resonances Require
integrated mitigation solutions n Protective Relaying
Considerations Feedback Power Islanding n Voltage and Angular
Stability Distribution Networks behave like Transmission Networks
Require innovative solutions FACTS; Storage; Hybrid Networks n
Interconnection Standards and Guidelines Crucial to do updates:
IEEE 1547, IEC 61400-21, EN 50160 Slide 13 13 Case A:
Interconnection of Large-scale PV Slide 14 14 Interconnection
Issues with DP inverters n 200-500 Homes with PV panels 1-3 kW PV
inverters, connected at 220 Volts feeder 1GWh is generated annually
n By Measurements at the site n Voltage regulation and Flicker:
Exceeding voltage limits and inverters trip Voltage fluctuations
due to power fluctuations n Harmonics: Inverters individually
satisfy IEC 61000-3-2 specification EN 50160 can temporarily be
exceeded. Inverters trip unexpectedly Slide 15 15 Interconnection
Issues with DP inverters n Attention Points on Standards Effect of
background supply distortion Increased distortion due to a
resonance phenomenon Islanding may be a good alternative Slide 16
16 Case B: Interconnection of Wind Energy Slide 17 17 Network
Interconnection of 6 GW Wind n Feasibility of 6 GW Wind Power in
2020 n Total cost 10.000 M n Stability Issues and Reactive Power
Compensation n Required 350 M - 650 M network upgrades n
Conventional solution requires 100 M expenditure Slide 18 18 Energy
Storage for 6 GW Wind Farm n Possible savings of 250 M - 550 M
network upgrades if storage is included n Requires 2,5 GW and 62
GWh storage for 6 GW wind farm Slide 19 19 Storage Options for 6 GW
Wind Farm n Based on Flow-battery technology 6,000 M, 30 years NPV,
1x1 km size n Not feasible by factor 10 as a single solution VSC
Interface Slide 20 20 Integrated Storage Approach n Primary
Application: Wind Power Stabilization. n Secondary Applications:
Interface of Constant Speed Offshore Wind Turbines Power Balance
and Reserve Power Management Power Quality and Reactive Power
management Spinning Reserve Management Black-start Availability
Stop-start Reduction of generating units Network security - UPS
operation Slide 21 21 Conclusions n Hydrogen economy Will be
gradual process with DP playing a key role An excellent opportunity
for power electronics Mobile & Stationary applications n
Distributed Power Preferred option to integrate renewables at high
network reliability, stability and security levels Power
electronics are key for better DP interconnections Slide 22 22
Conclusions--Cont n Interconnection Issues Large-scale wind energy
interface provide major network interconnection challenges Hydrogen
hybrids Design and control of DP converters for system integration
needs attention n Futuristic View Cost effective H 2 and
electricity storage together with Power Electronics. Slide 23 23
Hybrid Wind Network Options Slide 24 24 Distributed Power: Mobile
HYPERCAR NECAR Slide 25 25 Energy Storage for Renewable and
Distributed Power CHP
