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pOWER CORRELATIONXN A
MOLASSES-WATER SYSTEM USXNG
EIGHT-BLADED DISK TURBINE WITH
BAFFLED CONFIGURATION
BY
RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE (88/1047)
CHEMICAL ENGINEERXNG DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND
ENGINEERING TECHN~LOGY
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGV~
MINNA
NIGER STATE, NIGERIA-
SEPTEMBER~
POWER CORRELATION IN A MOLASSES-WATER SYSTEM USING EIGHT-
BLADED DISK TURBINE WITH BAFFLED CONFIGURATION
BY
RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE (88/1047~
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA
A Thesis Submitted
Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University
of lechnology, Minna.
award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in
Enq i nfi:~i:i:~t' :i. ng "
RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE
(BBl:!. 04'7)
DR" K.R. ONIFADE
~'3t.lI:;;'E.RV I HOH
DEPf·~HTI1EI\lr
"'~,,~ ,.)"!Y~~\t(.~~ -~ /'
, __ :,':." 'TE:F..: flL. Ex~~tvIII\tER
D{~'TE" .1+. \ ,j . [ ,,1. ) DAlE,,, ••• " " • " "
DEDICATION
This project work is dedicated to ALMIGHTY GOD, for HIS
glory, blesslngs, and wonders over me. My parents, Chief
(Alh.) Raheem Akande, Madam Akande Taiwo. and Chief Yekeen
'['/'"1"\("''''' f)ll· ... ·'tllt· .. f'·~!··· 1"1'1"'" t' 11'I'I~1' 'j,,'j '"~£"~. ,... "~I···i>:J·r-; • • • "1';:;" .. .1('".7, ... ..., ... .1 '"' >;I .... '. \oJ .l ...... d. .• il .t .1 ......... :) .. ~ \ ... I!;;;. ""-,t!\~:
ii
CERTIFICATION
I certify that this project research work - POWER
CORRELATION IN A MOLASSES - WATER SYSTEM USING EIGHT BLADDED
DISK TURBINE WITH BAFFLED CONFIGURATION - has beeen actually
carried out by RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE (88/1047) under my
, .... , .......................................................... , ....................... . -.. "."~""., ...... ~., .. "-..... , ..... " ... " ..... ' .. ' ...... " .......... ,_ ....................................... - ............. , ..................... .
Supervisor's Signature
i U.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
10 God be the glory, great things He has done.
praises, honour and adoration goes to the Almighty God, the
pioneer an perfecter, for his protection,
provision throughout the duration of this rather lengthy
I wish to thank most sincerely my father, Chief CAlh.)
Chief Yekeen Iyanda and Mother, Mrs. Akande
Taiwo for their care, understanding and sacrlflces during
these l~,g years of academic sojourn. I know it has been
tedious and demanding but I appreciate everything that has
been done to make my dream a reality. The Almighty God,whom
we serve, will reward you abundantly.
to th'''.nk DI"' .. Kalawole Rasheed Onifade the
Acting Head of Chemical Engineering Department who was also
my project supervisor for his useful and wealthy ideas given
for the success of this work.
the staff members of the school of
<::'l.nd
lecturers in Chemical Engineering Department who imparted
the requisite knowledge towards obtaining my degree .. I thank
Odigure, Dr. Okpala. Dr.
Dr. Ohannomah, Dr. Aberuagba, Mr. Adeyinka, Mr.
Peter Ozernoyah. Mr. Olutoye, Mrs. Elizabeth and Mr. Richard
AI.ba whom imparted me with the needed knowledge. My sincere
funde Fasanyan H.O.D. Soil Science Department
Soil Science Department,
Agric and Agric Technology., for their assistance during the
experimental work.
I a~ greatly indebted to Owotutu family by and large,
(-\jan,-.;.ku Owotutu., O,iuta.)/~:? a.r"ld
ChiE~f (Enqnt'.) Bola Ajibola Afonja [Ex-Minister of labour
.:i~.nd pl·'ndl...I.c t i. v i. ty ~ Int(~I"'n.~t l.nna.l
financial and moral support. Prof. Wande Abimbola
( Ex V.C.,Obafemi Awolowo University. Ife,Osun State,Nigeria~
as well as Ex Speaker of House of Senate). Great thanks to
these people Adedapo 0 .. ,
Mustapha, Dr.Fola Oyetayo, Engnr. G.G. Salaam. Prince ala
Ajiboye,Adeniyi T.A. Ganiyu T.Adeleke, Adoga I.S.,Unobe
M.O, Edmond C.,Nabara Halimah Y.
i:~dede.i i I.~l.
1 wish to thank these people too Engnr. Johnson Saheed
[Niger Motors Divisional Technical Director), Engnr.
<A. J. Seward Divisional Technical Director),
U.t~"C. Trainee Manager ). En(';Int".
Manager of Van Leer Container Production Company,
Agboola(Deputy Director Hr.:)!. .. \"" i 1'1(;) o:~nd
Management N.E.C.,Area 10, Abuja.), and Mrs. Agboola.
"i'1...lnci(1.;
(.~\p"i';\.P,!\';i· 'J
E:: liS tat E'!
F:€':h]I"f!:?I';t,,\bly, it h:;; m::lt; P()f:":ll?Jibh:? to list the n,ames of
all those who have helped me or contributed in one way or
the other to reach this stage, however, I appreciate the
companionship of all my friends both at school and at home
and all other well wishers.
Finally, I have to sincerely thank myself! It was not
easy all these years. But I am grateful for the will power,
endurance, patience, perseverance and faith in the God that
I eXhibited throughout the course of this programme. The
struggle continues, however. I pray the Almighty Bod to
>:::1 t'.:;".n 1;
understanding and manifold mercies to go through the other
struggles of life.
MARANATHA!
RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE.
SI:::PTEMBI:::R, l':;)':?~:,1
iv
DECLARATION
I r.j,:\'~cl<'i:I,t·'e th.:;it thi .. ;; f.H"ojec{: 1"'>:'?POI"'t u; ;'l.f"l e.utl"\l?mtic:
report of my research and experimental work and that to the
best ot my knowledge it has not been precisely presented
elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma.
All published and unpublished work used has been duly
acknowledged in the references.
N . fJ1j /;,err:'¥'!~A ~{:?".
RAHEEM ADEMOLA BOLANLE
NAME AND SIGNATURE OF STUDENT
(U
DE:D I cPlr I ON
CERTIFICATION • • II n 11 It (j i:d
{v)
TABLE OF CONTENTS . (v i)
L I~3T OF F IGUHE:S (\/ii.i) U II til" 1'1 U
CHAPTgEt ONE
< ~ rt " ~ " u a " U Q " ~ u 1
1..l
1.2 MIXING"AGITATION AND EMULSIFICATION
1.3 MIXING EQUIPMENTS
1.4 MIXING APPLICATIONS
RELEVANT FIELDS OF USAGES18
1.6 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER TWO
2. :!. METERING OF MIXING FLUIDS
THE DESIGN OF A MIXING EQUIPMENT
FLOW PATTERNS IN STIRRED TANKS . . .
2.4 DEGREE OF MIXING AND CIRCULATION
POWER CONSUMPTION IN MIXING VESSELS
MIXING SYSTEM POWER CORRELATION I~ ::~;()
POWER CHARACTERISTICS OF MIXING IMPELLER
.. 40
EXPERIMENTAL EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS • q·o
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
3.3 RANGES OF VARIABLES USED IN EXPERIMENTAL WORK .. 43
DENSITY MEASUREMENT, .. "
VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT
4. .. ~ ... 9 R~§Yb .. I§ ...... aNp. ...... p.l§~ .. Y§§.lgN. ..
4 .. 1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS ..
4.2 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
4 .. 3 REGRESSION ANALYSIS RESULTS
CI:I~f'TER_ ..... E .... I VI:;"
§ .. ~ ... 9. C.9NC.bY§19N§ ...... aNp. ..... .R~~.9r.1r.1~NPaIJ.gN§
CONCl...\.,Jf.3 I O!\!S
NOt .. !ENCI.. .. ~·\rUHE
PEFEHE:hICE:~::) I~ 1'1 11 11 1\ 11. ~I, l'
.. " " 44
.. 47'
II II n 11 r. u;
u. " 11 " 11 Ii " 1'1
LIST OF F16URE~
FIGURE i.OCa) CHART A~ SHOWING THE PRODUCTION
OF SUGAR AND MOLASSES II 11 i: b tl 11
FIGURE i.O(b) CHART B~ OPEN PAN SULPHITATION
(O.P.S). FOR WHITE SUGAR PRODUCTION 4
FIGURE 1.0(c)CHART C:COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE
OF OLD AND IMPROVED OPEN PAN SULP~ITATION
(O.P.S)SUGAR PROCESSES TO PRODUCE
7 TONNES/DAY 'SUGAR
FIGURE 1.1 TYPICAL AGITATION PROCESSING VESSEL
FIGURE 1.2 MARINE-TYPE MIXING PROPELLER •• 1"/' " ,.'
FIGURE 1.3 PITCHED-BLADE TURBINE • • • • • t 7
FIGURE 1.4 ANCHOR TYPE PADDLE ..
FIGU~E 1.5 TURBINE IMPELLERS (FLAT BLADE.
DISC FLAT BLADE, ,SHROUDED. PITCHED CURVED
BLADE, PITCHED VANE PITCHED VANE) . . • • . . • . 17
FIGURE 1.6 SOLID BLENDING MIXERS (KNEADER.
EXTRUDER. MILLING ROLLS, MULLER MIXER.
RIBBON MIXER) . j • • • •
FIGURE 2.1 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION AND
DIMENSIONS OF A MIXING VESSEL ....••.•. 24
FIGURE 2.2 FLOW PATTERN IN VESSEL
WITH VERTICAL BAFFLES .
FIGURE 2.3(a and b' VORTEX FORMATION
AND CIRCULATION PATTERN IN AN
" " 1;1 II " 1/1 fl U "
FIGURE 2.3{c) and (d) OFF-CENTER PROPELLER
FIGURE 2.4(a) TYPICAL DIMENSIONS OF
FIGURE 2.4(b) VELOCITY AT TIP OF
TURBINE IMPELLER BLADE ~I III !II III
FIGURE 3.1 ARMFIELD MIXING APPARATUS
FIGURE 3.2 HYDROMETER ••.•..
ABSTRACT
Power consumptien and mixing times are two important
determines the power consumption ef turbine impeller using a
system with baffle configuration.
Studies were carried out with the acrylic fully
transparent flat bottom cylindrical Armfield MiKing Vessel
of 286 mm internal diameter using MelBsses-Water system. 8-
bladed disk turbine was used at speeds of 100. 125, 150. and
200 t"'. p. m ..
liquid 1 Ei!Ve 1 C) l' ::~;O(i mm was maintained
throughout the study with molasses being 10%. 12.5%, 33.3%,
37.5%~ and 42.5% of the total liquid level (\/ /v > Inct"EH,1.sed
in agitation speed was feund te caused lncreased in power
con~Eump 1:; i em" and Freude numbers 'f C)t" tU.t'b i n~::l
agitator. The densities of the abeve melasses-water mixture
11 ~50 'I :!. 1.70. 1. t '.>'0
viscosities were 1.2. 1.43, 2.44, ( ).( 10 ..... ::1:
Ns/n~ ) respectively-
and the follewing fitted equations were obtained:
(a) Fer all the data, )
<. d) Fot" 1. (J"" <: Hi!:? <: 2 l{ 1.0':1. 'I
regressed because EDR and HDR have censtant values.
The first set of analysis was fer all the experimental
runs. The fitted equation obtained was:
The effect of Re and Fr was each statistically
significant at a confidence level of 0.09 and 0.01 %
respectively. The regressed square value was given as
0.94315 which show that Re and Fr account for 94.315 % of
the variability of Np and that the dependency between Np, Re
and Fr is linear. For the case of 10 4 < Re < lOB. the result
is the same as for the case of all data.
For Re < 2 x 10 4 • the fitted equation was:
Hence, the effect of Re and Fr was each statistically
significant at a confidence level of 0.17 and 0.02
respectively- Equally the regressed square value of this
model shows that 97.7 % of the variability of Np is
accounted fer by Re and Fr. The results for
104 < Re < 2 X 10 4 are the same as for Re < 2 x 104
•
xi