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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Using the LSNA in Device Characterization
for PA Design
Gary SimpsonM A U R Y M I C R O W A V E
2900 Inland Empire Blvd., Ontario, California 91764-4804
IEEE Topical Workshop, San Diego
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Device Characterization
Required for PA Design Determine Device Capabilities Determine Required Matching Load Pull is a Common Method
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
What Is Load Pull?
Measurement vs.
Impedance
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Value of Load Pull in PA Design
Performance Under Actual Operating Conditions
Most Direct Method to Determine Matching
Device Model not Needed But – Verify Device Model if Desired
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Load Pull Contours
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
What is the LSNA? Large Signal Network Analyzer Measure Incident/Reflected Waves Get Fundamental and Harmonic Data Time Domain from Fourier Transform Measure Modulated Signal Also Measure Small Signal S-Parameters
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
LSNA Calibration
1. VNA Style Calibration
2. Power Meter for Absolute Power
3. Harmonic Phase Reference to Calibrate the Harmonics
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
LSNA Data – Waveform
1.8 GHz Silicon BJT Power Transistor
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
LSNA DataModulated Waveform
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
LSNA DataModulated Waveform
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
LSNA Data – Dynamic Load Lines
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
LSNA DataHarmonic Distortion
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
LSNA DataBreakdown Analysis
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Using the LSNA with Load Pull
Multiple Instrument Functions Measure Power, Gain Measure am/am and am/pm Measure Waveform vs. Impedance Measure gamma-in Measure gamma-load
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Load Pull with LSNA
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Waveform vs. Impedance
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Load Pull – Passive Reflection
Reflection
DUT TUNER
b2
a2
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Load Pull – Active Reflection
Reflection
DUT TUNER
b2
a2
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Real-Time Load Pull
Inject Offset FrequencySweep all Phase
Result: Measure a Circle of Impedances
Sweep Magnitude AlsoResult: Measure a Region of Impedances
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Real-Time Load PullR0
R0.5
R1.0
R2.0
X2.0
X1.0
X0.5
X0
X2.0
X1.0
X0.5
Patent
Pending
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Advantage of Real-Time Load Pull
Cover Higher Reflection than Passive Tuner
Extremely Fast Measurement
Next Generation Load Pull
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Real-Time Load Pull Status
Works Now with Average Bias Dynamic Bias Measurement Needed to
Know Bias and Eff vs. Impedance Dynamic Bias Measurement is Coming
Active Injection works Now to Enhance Matching Range
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Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004
Conclusions
The LSNA Provides More Device Data The LSNA Enhances Load Pull
More Data vs. ImpedanceActive Injection Provides More MatchingReal-Time Load Pull Provides High Speed
and High Matching
