Potential Microorganisms for

Sustainable AgricultureA Techno-commercial Perspective

Potential Microorganisms for

Sustainable AgricultureA Techno-commercial Perspective

Editors

D.K. Maheshwari

R. C. Dubey

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PrefacePrefacePrefacePrefacePreface

Modern system of agriculture is based on a substantial use of microorganisms. It aims at

mutually reinforcing relationship between agricultural productivity and conservation of nature.

Productivity advance in perpetuity without accompanying ecological harm necessarily involves

pathways which do not adversely affect soil health, water quality, biodiversity, atmosphere and

remarkable energy sources. Similar to other industries, microorganisms such as plant growth

promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are as effective as pure chemicals on plant growth

enhancement and disease control besides managing abiotic and other stresses in crop plants.

Bacillus-based bioinoculant formulations have achieved success for improving the plant

growth. The resistant life stage of the genera has paved the way for commercialization of PGPR-

based products in various countries including India. The integrated use of organic and inorganic

fertilizers has been found to be more effective on crop yield and product quality. A good number

of endophytic diazotrophs viz. Acetobacter spp. Herbaspirillum spp., Azotobacter, Azospirillum

etc. and endophytic fungi may benefit crops like sugarcane, cereals, forage grass, oil palm trees

and coffee plants. Genetic improvement of PGPR strains may contribute in understanding their

beneficial traits. On the other hand, lowering of crop yield and quality cannot be ruled out due to

lack of fungal and bacterial pathogens. It becomes easy to control their disease producing

ability. The understanding of pathogen diversity can effectively contribute in plant growth

promotion abatement of pathogens and plant parasitic nematodes but their prevention is desired

to evolve such microorganisms, which effectively and efficiently colonize the root and

rhizosphere. Such microorganisms are now alternative paradigms for commercialization. Seeing

the importance of such microorganisms in the protection of plant health new biotechnological

approaches are employed regularly to develop newer and much better microbial agents for

management of the pathogen. Even viruses attack plants and the biotechnological approaches of

their control needs to be evolved. These techniques have allowed genetic material to move

between organisms and expressed in them.

Most of the modern agrochemicals are selective/specific in their action but

microorganisms, such as Trichoderma spp. have multifarious agricultural industries. A

number of successful products based on different species of Trichoderma have been

commercialized. In addition, basic concepts on plant-microbe interaction mineral-nutrient

exchange, and soil acidity-alkalinity requirements have been customized to fit into the track

of emerging rhizomediation.

Microorganisms also act as food. Conception of direct fed microbial helps as additives in

ruminant nutrition and production. Even costal sand dunes contain microbial resources, which are

also being exploited in the benefits to agricultural based industries. All the articles of this volume

depict the role of microorganisms to agricultural industries. The exploitation of such beneficial

microorganism may improve agricultural systems with economically sound production of human

food and animal feed.

D.K. Maheshwari

R.C. Dubey

vi Preface

ContentsContentsContentsContentsContents

Preface v

Contributors ix

The Editors xv

1. Coinoculation of PGPR for Plant Growth Promotion and Disease Control 1

Varun Kumar, R.C. Dubey and D.K. Maheshwari

2. PGPR- Biotechnology for Management of Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in 26

Crop Plants

V. Govindasamy, M. Senthilkumar, Upendra Kumar and K. Annapurna

3. Nature and Applications of Bacillus Species for Improving Plant Growth 49

Pankaj Trivedi, Bhavesh Kumar and Anita Pandey

4. Biofertilizers for Sustainability, Agroresources and Technology 67

Sunita Gaind and B.D. Kaushik

5. Biodiversity of Plant Pathogenic Fusarium species 88

Vishwa Dhar, Subhojit Datta and Rita Rai

6. Biocontrol of Soil-Borne Phytopathogens by Fluorescent Pseudomonads 99

as a Sustainable Alternative to Agrochemicals

N.K. Arora and Ekta Khare

7. Biological Control : Alternative Paradigms for Commercialization 115

Swati and Alok Adholeya

8. Screening, Evaluation and Formulation of Delivery Systems for 142

Biocontrol Agents

R. Saravanamuthu

9. Molecular Basis of Plant Growth Promotion and Biocontrol Activities 169

of Rhizobacteria

Yogesh Kumar Negi, S.K. Garg and J. Kumar

10. Rhizospheric Competent Microorganisms in Biological Control 195

of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes

T. Kumar, S.C. Kang and D.K. Maheshwari

11. Recent Advances in Biotechnology of Beauveria Bassiana : A Mycopesticide 218

Against Insect Pests

S.R. Niranjana, N. Haraprasad and H.S. Shetty

12. Endophytic Fungi and Their Role in Biological Control and Plant 242

Growth Promotion

Jyoti Saxena, Anamika and Vinay Sharma

13. Microorganism-Mediated Management of Plant Pathogens 267

Vishal Prasad, B.K. Singh, K.S. Kumar, M. Ahmed and R.S. Upadhyay

14. Retrospects and Prospects of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus Research in India 286

J.P. Tewari and N.A. Ansari

15. Biotechnological Application of Microorganisms in the Management of 305

Viral Diseases of Crops

L.P. Awasthi, P. Kumar and S. Singh

16. Trichoderma : Biology and Biotechnology 319

V.K. Gupta, A. Gupta, N. Modi and D.R. Modi

17. Trichoderma: A Potential Biocontrol Agent for Biopesticide Industries 336

H.B. Singh and Shishir Srivastava

18. Potential of Trichoderma for Biocontrol and its Mass Production 355

D.P. Singh

19. Rhizomediation in Soil for Sustainable Agriculture 364

Meenu Saraf, Neelam Tank and Rajendran Narayanan

20. Strategy to Improve Ruminant Productivity Through Direct-Fed Microbials 394

Ravinder Nagpal, A.K. Puniya, Monica Puniya, Tejpal Dhewa,

J.P. Sehgal and Kishan Singh

21. Tripartite Symbiotic Association: Legume-Rhizobia-Mycorrhiza 406

D. Harwani, Preeti Choudhary, Sangeeta Dhaker, Kamal Prasad and S.K. Mahna

22. Agrobacterium as Natural Tool for Plant Genetic Engineering 436

R. Pati, V.K. Gupta, L.P. Yadava, N. Srivastava, A. Gupta, N. Modi and D.R. Modi

23. Coastal Sand Dune Vegetation and Microbial Resources : Benefits, 460

Threats and Safeguards

K.R. Sridhar and A.B. Arun

Index 477

viii Contents

ContributorsContributorsContributorsContributorsContributors

A. Gupta, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow (U.P.)

A.K. Puniya, Dairy Microbiology Division, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy

Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, Haryana (H.R.)

A.B. Arun, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Soil Environmental

Science, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo-Khang Road Taichung, Taiwan-40227,

Republic of China

Alok Adholeya, Centre for Mycorrhizal Research, Bioresources and Bioresources Management,

The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, Habitat Place, Lodhi Road, New

Delhi-110 003

Anamika, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith-304 022,

Rajasthan, India.

Anita Pandey, Environmental Physiology and Biotechnology, G B Pant Institute of Himalayan

Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643(Uttarakhand)

B.K. Singh, Laboratory of Plant pathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study

in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, (U.P.)

B.D. Kaushik, Microbiology Division, Indian Agricultural Research Institute New Delhi-110 012

Bhavesh Kumar, Environmental Physiology and Biotechnology, G B Pant Institute of Himalayan

Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora-263 643(Uttarakhand)

D.P. Singh, Crop Protection Programme, Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal-132 001

(Haryana)

D.K. Maheshwari, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri University,

Haridwar-249 404, (Uttarakhand)

D.R. Modi, Dept. of Biotechnology, B.B.A. University, Lucknow (U.P.)

Dharmesh Harwani, INCO- DEV Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Maharshi

Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer-305 009 (Rajasthan)

Ekta Khare, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, CSJM

University, Kanpur-208 024 (U.P.)

H.B. Singh, Department of Plant Pathology, National Botanical Research Institute,

Lucknow-226 001(U.P.)

H.S. Shetty, Department of Applied Botany & Biotechnology, Biocontrol Research Laboratory,

Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570 006 (Karnatka)

J. Kumar, University of Horticulture and Forestry, Ranichauri, Tehri Garhwal, (Uttarakhand)

J.P. Sehgal, Dairy Microbiology Division, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy

Research Institute, Karnal-132 001 (Haryana)

J.P. Tewari, Plant Pathology Research Lab, Department of Botany, M.L.K. P.G. College,

Balrampur-271 201 (U.P.)

Jyoti Saxena, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith-304 022

(Rajasthan)

K. Annapurna, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA,

New Delhi-110 012

K.S. Kumar, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced

Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U.P.)

K.R. Sridhar, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Department of Biosciences, Mangalore

University, Mangalagangotri-574 199, Mangalore, (Karnataka)

Kamal Prasad, INCO- DEV Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, Maharshi Dayanand

Saraswati University, Ajmer-305 009 Rajasthan (India)

Kishan Singh, Dairy Microbiology Division, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy

Research Institute, Karnal-132 001 (Haryana)

L.P. Awasthi, Department of Plant Pathology, N.D.University of Agriculture & Technology,

Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U.P.)

L.P. Yadava, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow-227 107 (U.P.)

M. Ahmed, Laboratory of Plant Pathology and Microbial Technology, Centre of Advanced Study

in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005 (U.P.)

M. Senthilkumar, Division of Microbiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-

110 012, India.

Meenu Saraf, Department of Microbiology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, (Gujarat)

Monica Puniya, Dairy Microbiology Division, Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, National Dairy

Research Institute, Karnal-132 001 (Haryana)

N.A. Ansari, Plant Pathology Research Lab, Department of Botany, M.L.K. P.G. College,

Balrampur-271 201 (U.P.) India

N. Haraprasad, Department of Biotechnology, Sri Jayachamarajendra College of Engineering,

Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006 (Karnatka)

N. Modi, Dept. of Biotechnology, B.B.A. University, Lucknow (U.P.)

N. Srivastava, Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow-227 107 (U.P.)

N.K. Arora, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology, CSJM

University, Kanpur-208 024 (U.P.)

Neelam Tank, Department of Microbiology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat)

P. Kumar, Department of Plant Pathology, N.D.University of Agriculture & Technology,

Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U.P.)

x Contributors

Potential Microorganisms forSustainable Agriculture

Publisher : IK International ISBN : 9788190746205 Author : D K MaheshwariAnd R C Dubey

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