Postural development in humans

8/6/2019 Postural development in humans

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Dr Mark McKean PhD

POSTURE & MOVEMENT

FROM 4 LEGS TO 2

RESEARCH


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WHAT YOU WILL LEARN

SESSION 1

Evolution of posture

Correct alignment for posture

Why we need good posture

Muscle Balance


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EVOLUTION OF POSTURE


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4 LEGS TO 2

Upright walking

4.4 million years

Humans 500,000

years ago

Brain enlarged

allowing climb,

lift, carry throw

Female pelvis

changed to allow

bigger head


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WALKING UPRIGHT REQUIRES

LESS EFFORT AND WAS FASTER

Hip bones

broader and

shorter for

larger

attachment

of glutealsfor better

hip

extension

and longer

limbsHip flexors

and

extensorsevolved and

added

compressive

stress to

lumbar discs

Lumbar

vertebra

changed and

arch

appeared


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NOT ALL EVOLUTIONARY

CHANGES ARE POSITIVE

Fallen arches

lower limb

muscle weakness

Disc problems of

lower back

Low back pain

lumbar archinstability


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WHO IS STRONGER?

Lumbar spine is straight in gorillas who can only

lift just over half their body weight

Curved in humans who can lift/absorb 3.3 times

bodyweight


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POOR POSTURAL HABITS

From there to where?


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FEMALE EVOLUTION


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IDEAL ALIGNMENT FOR POSTURE


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SIDEWAYS

Meaty part of ear lobe

Cervical vertebrae

Lumbar vertebrae

Just behind hip joint centre

Just in front of knee joint centre

Just in front of ankle joint centre


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FRONT ON

Centre of head

Centre of all vertebrae

Centre of hips

Between legs evenly

Centre of feet


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FEET

Provide base of support

If feet in bad position, legs and hips will be too

Arches of feet control movement and posture


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KNEES

Absorb stress from poor foot alignment

Adjust to fit with hips


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HIPS

Take load through joint

Base for spine support

Requires mobility but stability


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SPINE


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POOR CURVES POOR

MOVEMENT AND HEALTH


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SQUARE SHOULDERS


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HEAD

6-7 kg

pull on

neck

muscles

15-17 kg

pull on

neck

muscles


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WHY WE NEED GOOD POSTURE


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HEALTH

Good posture improves

Digestion lesscongestion in

abdominal cavity and

nerve function


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Breathing greater

lung capacity and

mobile rib cage


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Concentration

more blood flow to

brain and return


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Heart health

more space in

cavity andbetter blood

flow from

circulation


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STRENGTH

Muscles move easier

in chains


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Normal length and

tension in muscles

Body coordinates

segments more

efficiently


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FLEXIBILITY

Muscles work in groups

and not in isolation

Less tension in muscles

that hold you upright

Fascia and connective

tissue more able to

stretch


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MOVEMENT

Joint work better together

Looks smoother

Moves easier

More fluid


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SESSION 2

Watch people move

Seeing movement problems

Walking

Squatting and lunging

Rotation


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HOW PEOPLE MOVE


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GOOD MOVEMENTS

Walking

Running

Squatting


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POOR MOVEMENTS

John Wayne

Too stiff hips dont move

Arms swing

Marilyn Monroe

Too floppy

Hips sway or roll


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OBSERVE AND SEE


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MOVEMENT PROBLEMS

Shortened actions

Compensations before moving

Compensations after movement

Poor stability

Poor flexibility


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WALKING


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Spine straight

Squat deep

Knees over toes

Feet balanced


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LUNGING

Straight back

Hips low

Knee forward

Back knee low

On train tracks


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ROTATING

Shoulders level

Trunk 90

o

to hips

Rotate from

waist

Knee forward

Back knee low


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MARK MCKEAN PHD

Post Doctoral Research Fellow

Australian Institute of Fitness Research

University of Sunshine Coast

[email protected]

Documents

Postural development in humans