Post World War IPost World War I1918-19391918-1939

IntroductionIntroduction

German economyGerman economy 1.1. 2.2. 3.3.

Weimer Republic Weimer Republic blamed for signing the Treaty of Versaillesblamed for signing the Treaty of Versailles

IntroductionIntroduction

Left wing – angry communistLeft wing – angry communistRight wing – fascist groupsRight wing – fascist groupsBoth denounced Versailles treaty and Both denounced Versailles treaty and Weimer RepublicWeimer Republic

IntroductionIntroduction

artist and writers rebelled against artist and writers rebelled against traditional waystraditional waysNew philosophy – existentialismNew philosophy – existentialism You give your life meaning by your actions You give your life meaning by your actions

and choicesand choices

ArtistsArtists

Pablo PicassoPablo PicassoFather of modern artFather of modern artNew style of painting New style of painting called Cubismcalled CubismLeads to abstract artLeads to abstract art

ArtistsArtists

Wassily KadinskyWassily KadinskyFather of abstract artFather of abstract art

ArtistsArtists

Salvador DaliSalvador DaliSurrealismSurrealismDream like qualitiesDream like qualities

ArtistArtist

Most famous, DaliMost famous, Dali Persistence of MemoryPersistence of Memory

WritersWriters

Gertrude SteinGertrude SteinWrote “Lost Wrote “Lost Generations”Generations”Describes youth that Describes youth that were left with were left with emotional scars after emotional scars after the war.the war.

EntertainmentEntertainment

Movies with sound in Movies with sound in the 1920’sthe 1920’s

Rudolph Valentino Rudolph Valentino

EntertainmentEntertainment

Birth of Jazz musicBirth of Jazz musicNew Orleans, LouisianaNew Orleans, LouisianaSpread to Memphis, Chicago, Kansas citySpread to Memphis, Chicago, Kansas city

Jazz ArtistsJazz Artists

Louis ArmstrongLouis ArmstrongBillie HolidayBillie Holiday

Billie Billie Holiday Billie Billie Holiday For Lovers by Billie For Lovers by Billie Holiday @ Holiday @ ARTISTdirect.com - ARTISTdirect.com - Shop, Listen, Shop, Listen, DownloadDownload

The Roaring TwentiesThe Roaring Twenties

During 1920’s U.S. economy was strongDuring 1920’s U.S. economy was strongNew labor saving appliancesNew labor saving appliancesLeisure timeLeisure timeGood times of great prosperity for the U.S.Good times of great prosperity for the U.S. Stock market crash of 1929Stock market crash of 1929

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

3 weaknesses of the U.S. economy3 weaknesses of the U.S. economy 1.1. 2.2. 3.3.

1929 factories produced half of the worlds 1929 factories produced half of the worlds industrial goodsindustrial goodsMost families too poor to buy consumer Most families too poor to buy consumer goodsgoods

Global DepressionGlobal Depression

Unable to sell goodsUnable to sell goods factories reduced productionfactories reduced production LayoffsLayoffs

Downward cycleDownward cycle Job loss, families bought lessJob loss, families bought less

Global DepressionGlobal Depression

Oct. 29 16 million stocks sold, market Oct. 29 16 million stocks sold, market collapsedcollapsedStocks became worthlessStocks became worthlessBusinesses failed, banks closed, Businesses failed, banks closed, unemployment soared, farmers lost landunemployment soared, farmers lost land

Global DepressionGlobal Depression

American market for European goods American market for European goods droppeddroppedHigh tariffs on imported goodsHigh tariffs on imported goodsWorld trade down 65%World trade down 65%Germany, Austria hit harder because of Germany, Austria hit harder because of war debts and loanswar debts and loans

Global DepressionGlobal Depression

U.S. RecoveryU.S. Recovery Franklin Roosevelt, 1932 PresidentFranklin Roosevelt, 1932 President New Deal program: New Deal program: New gov. agencies aid to farmersNew gov. agencies aid to farmers Regulation/reform of stock market, banking Regulation/reform of stock market, banking

systemsystem Parks/recreation projects, building bridges, Parks/recreation projects, building bridges,

schools, airports, etc.schools, airports, etc.

Global DepressionGlobal Depression

Dawes Plan of 1924Dawes Plan of 1924 Help Germany economyHelp Germany economy 200 million dollar loan200 million dollar loan

Soviet UnionSoviet Union Did not sufferDid not suffer Why?Why?

Great Depression allowed “radical leaders” Great Depression allowed “radical leaders” to rise to powerto rise to power

Post War PoliticsPost War Politics

Italy – Fascist came to power in 1922Italy – Fascist came to power in 1922 Loyalty to the state, obedience to the leader, Loyalty to the state, obedience to the leader,

nationalistnationalist

Promised to revive economy, punish those Promised to revive economy, punish those responsible for hard timesresponsible for hard timesCommunism/Fascism similarCommunism/Fascism similar Deny individual rights, state is supremeDeny individual rights, state is supreme Different, Fascist don’t seek classless societyDifferent, Fascist don’t seek classless society

Rise of Benito MussoliniRise of Benito Mussolini

1883-19451883-1945Editor, politicianEditor, politicianPromised to rescue Promised to rescue Italy by reviving the Italy by reviving the economy and economy and rebuilding the armyrebuilding the armyFounded Fascist Founded Fascist party, 1919party, 1919

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

Group of Fascist “Black Shirts” attacked Group of Fascist “Black Shirts” attacked Socialist and Communist on the streetsSocialist and Communist on the streetsOctober 1922, 30k Fascists marched on October 1922, 30k Fascists marched on RomeRome Demanded King Victor Emanuel III put Demanded King Victor Emanuel III put

Mussolini in charge of the Gov.Mussolini in charge of the Gov.

Mussolini known as “IL Duce” – the leaderMussolini known as “IL Duce” – the leader

Benito MussoliniBenito Mussolini

IL Duce did the following once in power:IL Duce did the following once in power: Abolished democracyAbolished democracy Banned political parties except FascismBanned political parties except Fascism Secret policeSecret police Censor TV, radio, printed materialCensor TV, radio, printed material Outlawed strikesOutlawed strikes Allied with other industrialist and large land ownersAllied with other industrialist and large land owners

Supported by veterans, nationalist, middle class, Supported by veterans, nationalist, middle class, aristocracy.aristocracy.

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Born in Austria 1889Born in Austria 1889Failed artist, could not Failed artist, could not draw people.draw people.Fought in WWIFought in WWIReceived the Iron Received the Iron Cross for braveryCross for braveryWounded in battleWounded in battle1920, settles in 1920, settles in Munich, GermanyMunich, Germany

Adolf HitlerAdolf Hitler

Joined nationalist group, Joined nationalist group, German Worker’s German Worker’s PartyPartyBy 1923, leader of the partyBy 1923, leader of the party Became Became National Socialist German Workers National Socialist German Workers

Party, Nazi PartyParty, Nazi Party

Supported by lower middle class/middle Supported by lower middle class/middle classclass

Adopted Swastika Adopted Swastika and formed a private and formed a private militia called the militia called the “SA” “SA” or “Storm troopersor “Storm troopers” or ” or Brown ShirtsBrown Shirts

Means “well-being”, Means “well-being”, was a good-luck was a good-luck symbol used by symbol used by Hindus, Buddhists, Hindus, Buddhists, early Christiansearly Christians

Excellent speaker – became known as Excellent speaker – became known as “Der Fuhrer”“Der Fuhrer” (The Leader) (The Leader)1923 Nazis tried to come to power in 1923 Nazis tried to come to power in Munich, they failedMunich, they failedHitler arrested, guilty of treason, spent 8 Hitler arrested, guilty of treason, spent 8 months in prisonmonths in prison

While in jail, he wrote “Mein While in jail, he wrote “Mein Kampf” (My Struggle)Kampf” (My Struggle)Goals for GermanyGoals for GermanyBlamed Jews, the French, and Blamed Jews, the French, and Weimer Republic for problems Weimer Republic for problems in Germanyin GermanyRegain lost landsRegain lost lands

Germany needed “Lebensraum” or living Germany needed “Lebensraum” or living spacespaceExpand into E. Europe and RussiaExpand into E. Europe and Russia““Aryans” – superior raceAryans” – superior raceDepression hit GermanyDepression hit Germany people turned to Hitler and his party.people turned to Hitler and his party.