Restricted distribution MARINF/91 Paris, April 1993

English only

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

“TRAINING-THROUGH-RESEARCH” OPPORTUNITIES

through the UNESCO/TREDMAR programme

Report of the first post-cruise meeting of TREDMAR students

Moscow State University 22-30 January, 1993

Restricted distribution

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION

“TRAINING-THROUGH-RESEARCH” OPPORTUNITIES

through the UNESCO/TREDMAR programme

Report of the first post-cruise meeting of TREDMAR students

Moscow State University Z-30 January, 1993

MARlNF/Sl Paris, April 1993

English only

FOREWORD

The “Training-through-Research” project grew out of cooperation between UNESCO/TREDMAR and the Moscow State University (MSU). The “University Field Courses in Marine Sciences” was the theme of an international meeting organized within the framework of this cooperation in July 1989 at the White Sea Biological Station of MSU. At the meeting, it was recommended in particular that “Universities and institutions . . . should cooperate in providing marine science field training, including shipboard training...” and also “Research projects should be initiated in which scientists and students from MSU and from foreign universities and institutions can participate”. It was also recommended that “Universities should revise, as appropriate, their marine science curricula and field training in light of the challenges presented in the UNESCO Report in Marine Science No. 52 “Year 2000 Challenges for Marine Science Training and Education Worldwide” (MARINF/79, UNESCO 1990).

Based on the above recommendations, the 1st TREDMAR cruise was organized in the Black and Mediterranean Seas in 1991 on board R/V Gelendzhik of Yuzhmorgeologia Co., Russia.

The European Science Foundation, which groups 65 scientific institutions in 20 countries, joined the programme after the success of the first cruise. The ESF designated the programme as the Network on Advanced Study Workshops on Mediterranean Marine Geosciences.

The purpose of this joint UNESCO-ESF programme is to bring together the numerous institutions working on the geology of the Mediterranean, and promote communication and exchanges between scientists and students of different countries.

In addition to UNESCO and ESF, many countries have provided financial or material support to the cruises, including France, Germany, Greece, Israel, Italy, Monaco, the Netherlands, Russia, Spain, Turkey and the United Kingdom. The Moscow State University has pledged to make the R/V Gelendzhik available for new “floating university” cruises over the coming years. The 2nd TREDMAR cruise took place in 1992. The cruises are supplemented by workshops on land, where the results obtained during the cruise are examined and compared. The present workshop was organized in particular to let students who participated in the 1st and 2nd TREDMAR cruises to discuss results obtained so far and plan for future joint research activities.

The workshop’s Report has been compiled by Mr. Bryan Cronin (University of Wales, UK, the Chairperson of the workshop), and recommended for publication in MARINF series by UNESCO and ESF.

TREDMAR Programme UNESCO

Report of the first student’s post-cruise meeting Moscow State University

22-30 January, 1993

1. Opening

The meeting was opened at the Faculty of Geology, Moscow State University, at 10:00

a.m. on the 25th January, 1993,~and commenced with addresses by Dr Michael Ivanov (the initiator of the Training Through Research programme), Professor Boris Sokolov, Dean of the

Geology Faculty; Professor Dmitri Puscharovsky, Vice-Dean of the Geology Faculty; Professor Nikolay Koronovsky, Head of Geodynamics; and Dr. Ivan Glumov, Head of the

Marine Department of the Russian Committee of Geology, and Alexei Suzyumov, UNESCO. They all stressed the importance of further development of international collaboration, and to

achieve an improved perspective in these types of scientific and social subjects. Professor

Puscharovsky welcomed the participants on behalf of the faculty. Professor Glumov mentioned the continuing support of the programme since its very beginnings by the Russian Geology

Committee, and was pleased to see it growing so fast. After this the non-Russian participants were introduced. Firstly, Dr. John Woodside, a geophysicist from Free University, Amsterdam

and Chairman of the ESF network, acknowledged Michael Ivanov for bringing the programme to life and stressed the importance of workshops like the present one. He added that for the ESF Network this meeting represented a very new and welcome dimension. Secondly, Dr. Neil

Kenyon, from the Institute of Oceanographic Sciences (UK), spoke about the scientific interests

of the TREDMAR cruises.

The introduction of the four non-Russian students ended the opening of the meeting.

These were Bryan Cronin, a Ph.D student from Cardiff University, UK; John Millington, a

Ph.D student from Leicester University, UK; and two undergraduate students from Free Universitv, Amsterdam: Taco den Bezemer and Anke van der Wal.

1.1 Election of Chairman and Secretariat

The meeting panel was then elected. Bryan Conin was elected meeting chairman and

Anke van der Wal and Evgenia Terentieva were elected meeting secretaries. The list of partirinants is given in Annex-I.

2

1.2 Agenda

The primary overall objective of the meeting was to continue research activities, as well as to initiate new ones between students who participated in the TREDMAR cruises. A programme

was to be drawn up for meeting activity over the following week (Annex II). Scientific

presentations and further discussions were scheduled to take place at Grigorchikovo, a field centre some distance outside Moscow. There, two days of student presentations were convened, followed by two days of discussion of the scientific results, talks about further projects between students from different institutions, and a group discussion on the

recommendations from the students perspective on both student activity on Training Through

Research cruises as well as the future running of post-cruise meetings.

1.3 Pre-Meeting Ceremony

After the opening session, a lecture was given by Professor Nikolay Koronovsky. Lunch

was followed by screening of two videos of the First and Second Training Through Research

cruises, compiled by Dr Michael Leybov. The opening day co-incided with the 238th

anniversary of Lomonosov Moscow State University, St. Tatjana’s Day. All foreign visitors

were invited to attend the opening ceremony in the Conference Hall, which was also attended

by the Russian Vice-President, Alexander Rutskoi. This was followed by our departure to Gtigorchicovo village, SE of Moscow, where the rest of the meeting took place.

1.4 Organising Committee

The organisation of the meeting was co-ordinated principally between Amsterdam, the

UK and Moscow by the following students:

Ekaterina IVANOVA (MSU)

Anna LOTOTSKAYA (MSU)

Evgenia TERENTEVA (MSU)

Vera DVURECHENSKAYA (MSU)

Oleg KRYLOV (MSU) and

Anke van der WAL (FUA),

with the invaluable assistance of Dr John Woodside (FUA) and Dr Neil Kenyon (IOSDL).

3

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2. Summaries of presentations

2.1 Day I - 26th January, 1993

2.11 John Woodside: Aims of research and study areas for the 1991 cruise.

The 1991 cruise was divided into a Mediterranean leg focusing on the neotectonics of the Cyprus Arc and a Black Sea leg investigating a field of mud volcanoes south of the Crimea and

sedimentation rates along a transect from shallow to deep water west of the Crimea. -*-

The principal objective of the Mediterranean leg was to determine how the convergence of

Africa and Turkey is taken up along an arc with little seismicity, no active volcanism, and almost no morphologic features of a subduction zone. The Hellenic Arc stands in sharp contrast

to this but appears to be tectonically similar insofaras there is also active convergence along the

southwest side of the arc and transpressive (oblique) convergence along the southeast section of the arc. Surveys were carried out east and west of Cyprus using OKEAN long-range sidescan

sonar, seismic reflection (sparker), gravity and magnetic methods to establish both deep

structure and the neotectonic fabric and deformational trends in the upper sediments. Sampling was carried out in support of this to determine recent sedimentology and where possible to obtain information about outcropping rocks along ridges and fault scarps. The most detailed work took place along the west Tartus Ridge defining the southern boundary of the Cyprus Arc

to the east and the Anaximander Mountains which are prominent features at the junction of the

Cyprus and Hellenic Arcs.

On the first part of the Black Sea leg a seismic line was made across the continental

margin south of the mouths of the Dnepr and Dnestr rivers. This was followed by careful

sampling using a box corer at selected depths along the line of the seismic profile. The intention

was to determine highly accurate sedimentation rates using the identification of well-known time

lines in the sedimentary section by radioactive means.

The second part of the Black Sea leg took place in a region of deep water (about 2200m)

where mud volcanoes were known to occur. Sidescan sonar was used to determine the

distribution of the mud volcanoes in the region; seismic profiling across several mud volcanoes provided images of the sedimentary structures associated with the mud volcanoes. Box coring

in the mud volcanoes was designed to obtain samples of mud breccia coming from great depth

below the volcanoes. A grab sampler with attached camera was also employed for sampling with accompanying photographs of the sea floor.

4

All aims were met during the cruise. Transpression appears to be taking place east of

Cyprus with uplift of ridges and plateau regions separated by wrench faulting. The ophiolites on Cyprus appear to continue to the east, dipping and thinning to the northeast beneath the

middle step between the eastern extension of the Kyrenia Range in the north and the Levantine Basin in the south. Compression appears to be occurring along the Florence Rise and south of

Cyprus, but the principal deformation is in the region of the Anaximander Mountains where

there is a mixing of Hellenic Arc and Cyprus Arc trends. The mountains themselves are larger

tilted and faulted blocks with’geological similarities with rocks of southeastern Turkey (Susuz

Dag of the Lycian Promonotory).

A field of mud volcanoes has been identified and will form the focus of future work.

During sampling, gas hydrates were recovered along rocks of Palaeocene age. Seismic profiles imaged collapse structures around a mud vent beneath the mud volcanoes and many areas of bright spots where gas has collected after percolating up along faults.

2.12 Alexei Bobatchev: Marine magnetic gradient data from the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean.

A series of programs were created for processing marine magnetic gradient data. The

most interesting result from this processing of data is the amplitude of the heading effect for our

gradiometer (vessel’s length is 104m; cable length is 250m). The maximum amplitude is about 4 nT and the minimum -1 nT: The maximum variation of the heading effect is 0.9 nT/degree.

Such large heading effects result in large noise in the recorded magnetic field. We can only

check some anomalies, but it is impossible to restore the free diurnal variation in the magnetic

field.

For more productive use of the gradiometer it is necessary for a tenfold decrease in

heading effect. To do this we need to gain more information concerning the precise position and

orientation of the sensors (possibly also using longer cables with a smaller ship). In general we

need more information between ship and sensors.

5

- . -

2.13 Ekatherina Ivanova: Micropaleontological study of the Eastern Mediterranean

sediments (cores 29,32,38) and some stratigraphical conclusions on this basis.

Three cores were chosen for a detailed study of planktonic and benthic foraminifera and nannofossils from extensive material collected during the first Training Through Research

cruise (R/V Gelendzhik, 1991). They are located on the Florence Rise (N29) and the West Tartus Ridge, southeast of Cyprus (N32, N38). Using usual methods, samples were washed, sieved and split. In total 66 samples were studied: 26 taxa of planktonic foraminifera were identified - generic names of benthic foraminifera and nannofossils were also identified. Some

parameters and indices like the number of specimens per gram of dry sediment, fauna1 diversity

of planktonic foraminifera, and P/B ratio were used for paleoclimatic and geological interpretation. Groups of warm- and cold-water species of planktonic foraminifera characterise

different climatic conditions. For identification of sapropel and tephra layers, samples were compared with samples from the Bannock Basin and Mediterranean Ridges studied by a group

of scientists from the University of Milan. As a result of this work, tentative stratigraphic

subdivision and core-to-core correllations were proposed.

Core N29 consists of Holocene-Upper Pleistocene sediments, containing the S-l layer and tephra layer Y-5. It is an uninterrupted sequence. Core N32 has Holocene sediments at the

top above a slump structure which makes deeper interpretation difficult, nevertheless a second sapropel (the first being S-l) was identified as S-5. Core N38 perhaps consists of Holocene

and Middle Pleistocene sediments separated by a boundary. It has no sapropel layers because of

the small depth of the sediment accumulation but two intervals of the core could be compared to S-l and S-6.

2.14 Daria Voronina and Julia Demidenko: The distribution of diatom assemblages in the late Quaternary deposits of the Black Sea.

The material for studying the distribution of diatom assemblages in the late Quaternary

deposits of the Black Sea was collected during geological-geophysical excursions in 1988/1989

and during the first Training Through Research cruise on the R/V Gelendzhik. The material was

taken by gravity corers and by box corers. The following conclusions were made:

(3

(ii)

The material delivered to the laboratory in the box corers contained more diatom species

after analysis (109 species in 2 corers) than the dry material from the gravity corers (32 species in 4 cores).

Novoexuan (Late Pleistocene) sediments contain subsaline freshwater species

(Stephanodiscus astraea, Melosira arenaria).

6

(iii)

(v>

Subsaline, freshwater and single marine species were discovered in bugassko-

vityasevskie layers (Lower Holocene) (Stephanodiscus astraea, Melosira arenaria,

Thalassionema nitzschinoides). Subsaline and marine species (S tephanodiscus astraea, Cyclotella kutzingiana,

Coscinodiscus radiatus) present in the kolomitskie (Middle Holocene) layers. We observed the predominance of marine species (Thalassiosira oestrupi, Coscinodiscus perforatus, Coscinodiscus radiatus) in djemetinskie layers (Upper Holocene).

So, studying the diatom assemblages from these deposits we can observe gradual salinisation of the Black Sea which began 7-8 thousand years ago.

2.2 Day 2 - 27th January, 1993

2.2 1 Neil Kenyon: The aims and overview of the second Training Through Research cruise.

The scientific plan is presented for the study of deep-sea turbidite systems. We intended to focus on detailed facies studies of the sandy elements such as channels and especially lobes.

We were interested in the processes of sedimentation and in learning more about controls such

as sealevel changes, tectonics and supply.

The approach was to do reconnaisance with airgun seismics and OKEAN sidescan sonar, followed by ground-truth using deep-towed sidescan with profiler and coring. Some testing of fan and channel classification schemes is also attempted.

2.2 2 John Millington:

Rhone Neofan surface niorphology - A conceptual framework for a channel-transition of

a modern turbidite system, and its implications for the ancient rock record.

Using both seismic lines, MAK-1 profiles 1, 3, and 4 and detailed bathymetry, a

conceptual framework for a channel-lobe transition has been developed consisting of erosional

features of decreasing scale away from the channel mouth of the Petit-Rhone channel (2Om deep

scours and giant flutes, etc). Bathymetric investigation reveals a moderate break in slope at the

channel mouth. A density current flowing through this region may hydraulically jump and

become increasingly turbulent and hence erosive, enough to produce the features seen. With a

large amount of eroded sediment entrained in the flow, this may cause the turbidity current to

decellerate and reduce its capability to entrain (erode) more sediment from the surface of the

flow. This zone described is one of complete sediment by-pass.

7

The hydraulic jump mentioned would also be associated with flow expansion as the confined flow within the Petit-Rhone channel becomes unconfined. The radial expansion is not concentric and areas on the ‘flanks of the expanding flow may decellerate and deposit its

sediment load rapidly. Features that may be associated with this deposition were not studied on board the 1992 cruise, but fieldwork in the summer of 1992 in sediments from northern Spain

from a depositional area of this type showed features such as climbing ripple laminations and

structureless sands with water escape structures. These are indicative of rapid sedimentation

processes.

Using both modern examples from the 1992 Training Through Research cruise and ancient examples from the Eocene Hecho Group in the south-central Spanish Pyrenees, a classification of channel-lobe transition features has been developed. Macro-, meso-, and

micro-scale features are described. Each scale of feature is then associated with the three

processes occurring in the zone of channel-lobe transition: erosional, depositional and reworked

features.

2.2 3 Bryan Cronin: Comparative analysis between the Andarax deep-sea system

and ancient deep-sea channels in the south-western Mediterranean region.

On leg 3 of the 1992 Training Through Research cruise, the Almeria canyon and its

basinward extension were studied using the OKEAN and MAK-1 systems. A sinuous canyon

on a steep slope, many of the meanders were found to be too sinuous for classical sinuosity- gradient models. The tectonic setting has been one of an active strike-slip dominated margin, and faulting has clearly affected some of the meanders. The channel course is sharply deflected by a ridge halfway down its length, and it gradually loses topographic expression towards the

abyssal plain.

Deep-sea channels from contrasting settings were described from the Tortonian sediments

of the,Tabernas area of southeastern Spain. The basin was very tectonically active, with a

presumably steep gradient in a strike-slip setting. One channel was shown to have continuous

exposure for in excess of 8km in the field. The channel is erosive into levee mudstones, and is

filled with sandy turbidites and intraformational conglomerates. It is highly sinuous in parts, and faulting is associated with exposed margins in many instances. The channel is also thought

to have changed its course by almost 90 degrees at a steep fault scarp.

The resolution of the MAK-1 system is compatable with the exceptional exposure in the field. Important structural and sedimentological elements such as sinuosity, slumping, debris

flow activity, association with faults etc are easily compared, and this type of modern-ancient comparison has proved both important and interesting.

8

2.2 4 Evgenia Terent’eva: Processing and geological interpretation of seismic data from the Rhone Fan area.

The material on which this work is based was obtained using multichannel seismic

profiling. The report deals with some aspects of seismic data acquisition from the point of view of methods and technology, which allow an improvement in data quality. Another part of the work is geological interpretation of some of the seismic profiles, which is aimed at the

investigation of more detailed studies of some particular features of the Rhone Fan and more proximal parts of the Valencia Fan System (according to seismic data our profiles didn’t reach the main parts of the Valencia Fan, only its canyon). The report contains some studies on the

mechanisms of instability which lead to the formation of turbidity currents. We can produce a morphological division of fans, according to bathymetric and seismic analysis of our data. This

will lead to a greater understanding of the geophysical characteristics of deep-water fan

systems.

2.2 5 Svetlana Penteley: Comparative analysis of sidescan and seismic data

from the Rhone Neofan area.

The area investigated is situated within the northern part of the Algeria-Provence Basin

and covers parts of the Rhone Cone. The main target of the investigation is the Neofan, its

position and its structure. Dr. L. Droz was the first person to discover and map the neofan body on the basis of high resolution seismic profiling and SEABEAM data.

Some new seismic and sidescan data from the Rhone Neofan were obtained during the

second Training Through Research cruise. Using these new data we made another attempt to

investigate the Rhone Neofan, to find out the horizontal dimensions from its body on the map and in sectionThe high frequency profiler sections distinctly display the transparent layer,

which seems to be associated with the Neofan, although it occurs underneath it.

Thus on the basis of these data we may present the Neofan boundary, where you can see

two lobes stretching to the south.

9

2.2 6 Taco den Bezemer:

Channel parameters of the feeder channel of the Andarar Fan.

The main feeder channel is excellently imaged by the MAK- 1 sidescan sonar system. The

images produced gave the opportunity to measure sinuosity, width, depth and gradient. Most modern fan channels fit in well into a recent classification scheme for turbidite fans based on

sinuosity and gradient. Comparison of the data from the Andarax Fan however, do not. Two explanations are given:

(0

(ii)

(0 (ii)

(iii)

6) (ii)

(iii)

That the sinuosity is modified by slumping, possibly triggered by the high level of tectonic activity in the area.

That the sinuosity is inherited from an earlier stage when the slope was somewhat less.

To decide between these two explanationsm three tests are suggested:

To look at the regularity of the meanders: slumping would produce less regular meanders. To check if width/depth ratio is in equilibrium with its recent gradient. If the width/depth

ratio is inherited from an earlier stage, then the sinuosity is probably also inherited.

Statistical calculation of the correlation factor. If sinuosity and gradient are reasonably

correllatable, then the sinuosity is unlikely to have been modified by slumping.

By applying these tests to the Andarax Fan, the following was discovered.

At least two big meanders are too regular to have been formed by slumping.

The width/depth ratio is inherited, indicating that this is also true for sinuosity.

The sinuosity and gradient are reasonably correllatable, indicating that at least some

sinuosities are inherited.

The conclusion is that some meanders are inherited whereas others are possibly slump-

influenced. The feeder channel has been inactive for some time, leaving it unable to modify its

channel parameters,

2.2 7 Anke van der Wal: Reconstruction of the Recent Andarax Fan System.

The Andarax Fan was studied during two cruises. One in November, 1991, on the Tirol

funded by SOZ, and the other in July 1992, aboard the Russian research vessel R/V

Gelendzhik. With data collected on these cruises, such as gravity coring, reflection seismics and

sidescan sonar, this particular study was made possible and a map of the recent Andarax

10

It appeared that the upper part of the Andarax Canyon is fault-controlled by the southern branch of the NE-SW trending Serrata strike-slip fault zone. Regarding the characteristics of this canyon it can be said that the Andarax Fan has evolved from a point source. In more recent times, however, the fan area has been and is being modified by sediment slides from unstable

slopes and from channel walls. Some smaller channels seem to contribute to the fan as well. In other words, it is now being’ modified by multiple sources associated with a linear source.

When looking at the sedimentological record it is obvious that the Andarax Fan has not been active for a long time. Assuming a sedimentation rate of %m/lOOO years and an average

thickness of hemipelagics of 4m, one can estimate the period of inactivity: 80,000 years.

The radial shape of the Andarax Fan is not characteristic for mud-dominated fans (Reading, 1992). It is thought, knowing the source area, that the Andarax Fan used to be a

sand-dominated fan in times of activity. The radial shape is merely a relict from this. Another explanation could be that because of the important role of tectonics in the area, it has also contributed to the shaping of the fan (eg Alboran Trough Boundary Fault).

2.2 8 Anna Lototskaya: Foraminifera-based stratigraphic interpretation

of the Western Mediterranean sediments.

In co-operation with Ekatherina Ivanova gravity cores 74 and 57 were analised for foraminifera for the purpose of age determination, correlation and paleoenvironmental

reconstruction. It can be used in the study of turbidites and fan systems. Core 74 is situated in the Alboran Sea. The Holocene and Late Pleistocene sediments are recognised there with the

help of climatic curve construction, based on the use of warm-water, coldwater and common

climatic groups of planktonic foraminifera. Turbidite sequences correspond there only to the

Upper Wurm. So, the period of activity of this area ended about 18,000 years ago. It is

probably connected with the influence of the Andarax Fan System. In another core, core 57

(near the Balearic Islands), turbidites are recognised in the Holocene sediments as well. It

seems to be important to continue such work using the results of palynological and calcareous

nannoplankton study. This is to be organised in collaboration with a European Institution hopefully in the coming year.

11

3. Conclusions/Recommendations Section

3.1 This first student’s meeting encouraged several new projects as well as elaboration of

existing collaborative projects. Amongst suggestions for new projects were that of Ekaterina Ivanova working with the Free University on oxygen isotope analysis of the 1992 cruise cores, and of Anna Lototskaya continuing her foram research on cores of the western Mediterreanean

(including Dutch cores) in a European institution. Bryan Cronin and Taco den Bezemer will

continue their work on the Andarax Canyon, comparing it with ancient systems in SE Spain and

working on its sinuosity and the reasons for it. Similarly, John Millington will continue to work

on the Rhone Neofan channel-lobe tranisition area, comparing it with field examples from

Northern Spain. Alexei Bobachev continues to work with the magnetic field data from the 1991 Mediterranean Sea cruise towards publication, particularly to develop a system that eliminates

problems caused by heading effect during acquisition. Dasha Voronina and Julia Demidenko will continue their work with the Black Sea diatoms for the aims of paleoecology and improving

methods of diatomic analysis. For this reason maybe they can take part in the 1993 year Training Through Research cruise (for the Black Sea area). Evgenia Terent’eva will work with

seismic profile interpretation (treatment of the 1992 year cruise, western Mediterranean).

3.2 Discussion was entered into about the running and organisation of subsequent post-cruise

meetings, partly due to the success of this one. It was decided that part of the the 1993 Training

Through Research Cruise programme should include organisation of such meetings. Discussion

of location, dates, and attendees should be well underway during the 1993 cruise: this prevents problems with visas, funding, etc. It was only due to the enormous amounts of enthusiasm and

commitment that the meeting took place, as well as some students attending on the basis,

inititally, of self-funding. It was suggested, due to the great involvement of British and Dutch

participants, that next year’s meeting be held in the U.K. It was also suggested that the meeting

be held later in the year (perhaps in the spring) to include participants in any subsequent (e.g.

1994) cruise, as is the case with ODP gatherings. Students from future cruises could then

outline their objectives at an earlier stage.

3.3 Some potentially interesting areas fringing the surveys on both legs would be worth

visiting again in the future. Some areas that were concluded as being of particular interest to

supplement the present datasets are:

(4 more areas of the Rhone Neofan, particularly downslope of the scourfields where

presumably the missing ripped-up sediment lies.

(b) in the area of MAK line 08 off the Algerian-Tunisian coastline, particularly downslope

from the strange bedforms imaged at the base of the steep continental slope.

12

(c) the Var and the west Corsican slide leg, which was passed over in favour of the Alboran Sea leg in 1992, also has many potentially interesting features related to the Nice Slide. This has yet to be ground-truthed.

(d) the supposed depositional zone downslope from MAK line 02 on the Valencia fan.

3.4 Organisation of the meeting was mainly done by Russian, Dutch, and British with great

help from UNESCO, ESF, and SOZ. Coordination took place with the assistance of John Woodside (the Netherlands), Michael Ivanov and Anatoly Limonov (Russia), and Neil Kenyon (U.K.). Some of the problems with the organisation were due to financial reasons and

bureaucratic stumbling blocks. The following improvements were suggested:

(i) To plan d t a es, location, participants and organising committee for subsequent post-cruise

meetings 5-6 months in advance - preferrably onboard ship. (ii) To start document preparation 5-6 months in advance so as to avoid visa complications,

etc. (iii) To actively solicit funding from potential sponsors early, and (iv) to send abstracts of presentations 2-3 months before the meeting.

3.5 That UNESCO shall assist MSU in establishing a UNESCO chair in Marine Geology and Geophysics, based on the Training Through Research project initiatives, in order to facilitate

both international co-operation and training.

3.6 To request that UNESCO and ESF continue their support for the Training Through

Research programme and Advanced Field Study Workshops in Mediterranean Marine

Geosciences projects, or its follow up.

4. Close

The meeting was formally closed by the chairman over dinner that evening, and this was

followed by votes of thanks for the hosts, MSU, the organising committee, and the sponsors of

the event.

13

ANNEX I List of Participants

Meeting Chuirman: Bryan CRONIN

‘ecretaries: Anke van der WAL

Evgenia TERENT’EVA

Taco den BEZEMER

Neil KENYON

John MILLINGTON

Victor TROFIMOV John WOODSIDE

Alexei SUZYUMOV

Ivan GLUMOV

Michael IVANOV

Ekatherina IVANOVA

Anna LOTOTSKAYA

Vera DVURECHENSKAYA

Svetlana PENTELEY

Oleg EGOROV

Anatoly LIMONOV

Oleg KRYLOV

Boris SOKOLOV Nikolay KORONOVSKY

Alexei BOBACHEV

Dar’ya VORONINA

Juliya DEMIDENKO Ivan CHUMAKOV

Michael LEYBOV

Evgenia KARNYUSHINA

Dimitri PUSHCHAROVSKY

(Marine Group, Department of Geology, University of Wales, Cardiff CFl 3YE, United Kingdom)

(Earth Sciences Department, Free University, De

Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands) (Department of Geology, Lomonossov Moscow State University, Lenin Hills, Moscow, Russia)

(Earth Sciences Department, Free University, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

(Institute of Oceanographic Sciences DL, Brook Road,

Wormley, Godalming, Surrey GU8 5UB, UK) (Department of Geology, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LEl 7RH, United Kingdom)

(Vice-Rector, Moscow State University) (Earth Sciences Department, Free University, De Boelelaan 1085, 108 1 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

(UNESCO, 7, Place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris, France) (Russian Committee of Geology, Moscow)

(Department of Geology, Lomonossov Moscow State

University, Lenin Hills, Moscow, Russia)

(MSU)

NW

WW

NW

(MW

(MW

(MW

WW WW

(MW

WW NW

(MW

WW

WW

WW

15

-

ANNEX II

Final Programme

2.1 Tuesday 26th January - Results of the First Cruise

(14:30) Meeting opens (Bryan Cronin) (14:40) John Woodside - Summary of the aims and achievements of the first cruise

(14:45) Alexei Bobatchev - Marine magnetic gradient data from the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean

(1590) Ekatherina Ivanova - Stratigraphic analysis of Eastern Mediterranean sediments on the basis of foraminiferal study

(15:15) Dar’ya Voronina & Juliya Demidenko - The distribution of diatom assemblages in

the Late Quatemary deposits of the Black Sea (15:55) Dr. Ivan Chumakov - Absolute datings of the principal Cenozoic events in the

Mediterranean

2.2 Wednesday 27th January - Results of the Second Cruise (10:00) Meeting re-opens (10: 10) Neil Kenyon - Aims and research of the second cruise (10:30) John Millington - Rhone Neofan surface morphology: A conceptual framework for

a channel-lobe transition and its implications for the ancient rock record

(11:OO) Bryan Cronin - Comparative analysis of modem and ancient turbidite systems of the

Western Mediterranean region (11:30) Tea/Coffee/Team photos (12:30) Evgenia Terent’eva - Processing and geological interpretation of seismic data from

the Rhone Neofan

(12:45) Svetlana Penteley - Comparative analysis of sidescan and seismic data from the

Rhone Neofan (13: 15) Taco den Bezemer - Channel parameters of the main feeder channel of the Andarax Fan

(13:45) Lunch

(14: 15) Dr. Ivan Chumakov - The problem of the “Lago-Mare” in the Eastern Mediterranean and correlation with the events in the Paratethys

(14:45) Anke van der Wal - A reconstruction of the recent Andarax Fan System

(15: 15) Anna Lototskaya - Foraminifera-based stratigraphic interpretation of Western

Mediterranean sediments

(15:30) Close/Discussion

2.3 Thursday 28thlFriday 29th Januury :

Discussion of the conference results, recommendations, proposals for future development of the Training Through Research programme; drawing up of the Conference report.

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ANNEX III Acknowledgements

We would like to acknowledge the support of:

1. ESF (the European Science Foundation) which supports the network on Advanced Field

Study Workshops in the Mediterranean and Black Sea Marine Geosciences, and for providing financial support for the attendance of Anke van der Wal, John Millington, Neil Kenyon and Taco den Bezemer.

2. UNESCO for both continuing interest and participation in the meeting as well as for financial support.

3. MSU for their hosting of the foreign participants both on campus at Moscow State

University and in their Geology Department as well as funding our meeting base in Grigorchikovo, outside of Moscow.

4. B.P. Exploration, Chevron (U.K.) Ltd., and Phillips Petroleum Company (U.K.) Ltd. who supported the participation of Bryan Cronin in the meeting.

5. SOZ (Stichting Onderzoek den Zee), the Dutch Foundation for Sea Research, who provided financial support for John Woodside.

We would also like to acknowledge those student participants who were unable to attend the meeting, but who are continuing their own research within the TREDMAR programme,

including Andrei Kuznetzov, who was ill at the time of the meeting.

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.-___

\ - - - - Seismic ,42”00’ + \

2r:d TREDMAR cruise (1992). R/V GELENDZHIK

Rhone and Valencia fans studies (shipboard party)

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-.-__ ..-- -.__

1007 . . . . /

Fig. 2. Studies in the Eastern Alboran Basin (1992, 2nd TREDMAR cruise)

(1) seismic line number, (2) deep-tow MAK-1 line number, (3) sampling stations (4) bathymetric contours in meters