Portuguese voters overwhelmingly supported centre-right candidate Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa in thecountry’s presidential election in January 2016.

Rebelo de Sousa, one of Portugal’s most popular televi-sion pundits, captured 52% of the vote—more than twicethe total of his closest opponent and enough to forgo asecond-round runoff. Although the role of president waslargely ceremonial, the election of Rebelo de Sousa wasseen as an attempt by voters to balance the centre-leftgovernment of Prime Minister António Costa. Costa’sSocialist-led alliance of Greens, Communists, and the anti-austerity Left Bloc tookpower in November 2015with the promise of rollingback some of the harsherausterity measures that hadbeen introduced duringPortugal’s debt crisis whilemaintaining EU-mandateddeficit targets. Vital statistics

Birth rate per 1,000 popu-lation (2014): 7.9 (worldavg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 pop-ulation (2014): 10.1(world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per1,000 population (2014):–2.2 (world avg. 11.4).

Life expectancy at birth(2012–14): male 77.2years; female 83.0 years.

DemographyPopulation (2016): 10,302,000.Density (2016): persons per sq mi 289.4,persons per sq km 111.7.

Sex distribution (20152): male 52.54%;female 47.46%.

Population projection: (2020) 10,159,000;(2030) 9,843,000.

Major cities (2011): Lisbon 545,245(urban agglomeration [2014] 2,869,000);Porto 237,559 (urban agglomeration

[2009] 1,344,000); Villa Novade Gaia 302,092; Braga181,819; Amadora 175,558.

Urban-rural (2014):

Portugal

Official name: República Portuguesa(Portuguese Republic).

Form of government: republic with one legisla-tive house (Assembly of the Republic [230]).

Head of state: President Marcelo Rebelo deSousa.

Head of government: Prime Minister AntónioCosta.

Capital: Lisbon.Official language: Portuguese.Official religion: none1.Monetary unit: euro (>); valuation (Sept. 1,2016) 1 U.S.$ = >0.89; 1 £ = >1.19.

Ethnic composition (2000):

Age breakdown (2014):

Religious affiliation (2011)4:

Area and population area population

20152

Continental Portugal3 sq mi sq km estimate

Regions Principal cities 9,869,783Alentejo Évora 12,202 31,605 733,370Algarve Faro 1,929 4,997 441,468Centro Coimbra 10,888 28,199 2,263,992Lisboa (Lisbon) Lisbon 1,159 3,002 2,809,168Norte Porto 8,219 21,286 3,621,785

Insular PortugalAutonomous regions 505,039Açores (Azores) Ponta Delgado 897 2,322 246,353Madeira Funchal 309 801 258,686

TOTAL 35,603 92,212 10,374,822

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National economyBudget (2013). Revenue: >71,460,200,000 (current revenue 97.3%, of

which taxes on production and imports 30.7%, taxes onincome and wealth 25.9%; capital revenue 2.7%).Expenditures: >81,238,300,000 (current expenditure94.4%, of which social transfers 47.3%, wages and salaries21.6%; capital expenditure 5.6%).

Public debt (2010): U.S.$216,300,000,000.Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2014): tomatoes 1,742,0006, corn (maize)933,100, grapes 828,7006, potatoes 534,200, olives 455,373,apples 287,3146, oranges 236,8006, pears 202,5006, rice162,100, wheat 87,400, chestnuts 24,7006, carobs 23,0006;livestock (number of live animals) 2,126,000 pigs,2,032,000 sheep, 1,549,000 cattle, 332,0006 beehives;

roundwood (2015) 10,866,000 cu m, of which fuelwood 6%; fisheriesproduction 193,061 (from aquaculture 6%); aquatic plants production786 (from aquaculture, negligible). Mining and quarrying (2013): mar-ble 418,000; kaolin 246,308; copper 77,23612; tungsten 69212.Manufacturing (value added in U.S.$’000,000; 2014): food and bever-ages 3,560; fabricated metal products 2,331; machinery and apparatus1,664; transportation equipment 1,482; cement, tiles, and ceramics1,478; rubber and plastic products 1,363. Energy production (consump-tion): electricity (kW-hr; 2013–14) 50,982,000,000 ([2012] 46,241,000,-000), by source (2013): fossil fuels 41.6%; renewable energy 58.4%, ofwhich hydroelectric 29.2%, wind energy 25.0%, biomass 4.2%; coal(metric tons; 2011) none (3,700,000); crude petroleum (barrels; 2011)none (75,300,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 2012) 11,803,000([2011] 8,299,000); natural gas (cu m; 2011) none (5,321,000,000).

Population economically active (2015): total 5,620,000; participationrates: age 15 and over, male 64.0%; female 54.0%; unemployed 12.0%,of which youth (ages 15–24) 32.0%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2015): U.S.$212,490,000,000 (U.S.$20,530per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$28,590 per capita).

Average household size (2011): 2.5.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops 8.8%, leftfallow 3.5%, in permanent crops 8.5%, in pasture 19.5%, forest area37.7%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2015):

32,850 (army 54.2%, navy 26.5%, air force19.3%); reserve 211,950; U.S. troops(November 2015) 70015. Military expendi-ture as percentage of GDP (2015): 1.1%;per capita expenditure U.S.$201.

Foreign trade10, 11

Imports (2013): >56,906,100,000 (petroleum andpetroleum products 19.6%, machinery and electri-cal equipment 14.7%, chemicals and chemicalproducts 10.3%, transport equipment 8.8%, baseand fabricated metals 7.6%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): >47,266,500,000 (machinery andelectrical equipment 14.7%, transport equipment10.5%, petroleum and petroleum products 10.4%,textiles and textile articles 9.1%, base and fabri-cated metals 7.8%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2012): route length (2014)1,911 mi, 3,075 km; passenger-km 3,803,000,000;metric ton-km cargo 2,421,000,000. Roads (2008):total length 51,512 mi, 82,900 km (paved 86%);passenger-km (2006) 83,100,000,00014; metric ton-km cargo 39,091,000,000. Vehicles (2012): passenger cars4,258,746; trucks and buses 1,278,248.

Education and healthLiteracy (2015): percentage of total population age 15 andover literate 95.7%; males literate 97.1%; females literate94.4%.

Health: physicians (2011) 42,054 (1 per 251 persons); hos-pital beds (2012) 35,806 (1 per 293 persons); infant mor-tality rate per 1,000 live births (2014) 2.8; undernourishedpopulation (2006–08) less than 5% of total population.

1A 2004 concordat with the Vatican acknowledges the special role of the Roman Catholic Church inPortugal. 2January 1. 3For statistical classification only; the actual first order administration of conti-nental Portugal is based on 18 districts. 4Age 15 and over. 5Preliminary. 62013. 7Taxes plus statistical dis-crepancy. 8Unemployed. 9Detail does not add to total given because of rounding. 10Imports c.i.f.;exports f.o.b. 11Provisional. 12Metal content. 13Subscribers. 14Passenger cars 72,000,000,000; buses11,100,000,000. 15Mostly air force personnel stationed at Lajes, Azores.

Internet resources for further information:• Statistics Portugal www.ine.pt• Banco de Portugal www.bportugal.pt

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force20135 2014

in value % of total labour % of labour>’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 3,449.4 2.0 389,100 7.4Mining and quarrying 19,669.5 11.5 12,300 0.2Manufacturing 739,000 14.1Construction 6,325.2 3.7 275,800 5.3Public utilities 5,684.5 3.3 46,400 0.9Trade, hotels 29,927.2 17.5 946,100 18.1Finance, real estate 27,276.2 15.9 471,700 9.0Transp. and commun. 12,874.9 7.5 281,600 5.4Services 45,257.9 26.4 1,021,400 19.5Pub. admin., defense 316,100 6.0Other 20,746.37 12.17 726,1008 13.98

TOTAL 171,211.1 100.09 5,225,600 100.09

}

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Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2015 11,71513 1,10413

Landline 2015 4,683 441

Internet users 2009 5,169 483Broadband 2015 3,14213 29613

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