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Population Growth To understand population growth, geographers study the following: To understand population growth, geographers study the following: Birthrate- number of live births per thousand Birthrate- number of live births per thousand Fertility Rate- average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime Fertility Rate- average number of children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime *The world’s average fertility rate is about 3.0
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Population & Urban Geography
Earths population hit the one billion mark in the early 1800’s
By 1930 2 billion people In 2007 over 6 billion people In 2011 hit 7 billion
Population Growth To understand population growth,
geographers study the following: Birthrate- number of live births per
thousand Fertility Rate- average number of
children a woman of childbearing years would have in her lifetime
*The world’s average fertility rate is about 3.0
Population Growth Cont. Mortality rate- number of deaths
per thousand Infant mortality rate- number of
deaths among infants under age one per thousand births
Rate of natural increase- the rate at which a population is growing
Birthrate – Mortality rate = rate of natural increase
Population Distribution The billions of people in the world
are not distributed equally Some lands are not suitable for
human habitation Almost 90% of the worlds population
lives in the Northern Hemisphere
Habitable lands Almost two-thirds of the worlds
population lives in the zones between 20°N and 60°N latitude
The highly populated areas are warm and wet enough to make agriculture possible
The lightly populated areas are in the polar regions, heavily mountainous regions, and desert regions
Urbanization The dramatic rise in the number of
cities and changes in lifestyle
Urbanization More people are moving into cities 26 giant cities, called megacities,
are home to a total of more than 250 million people
The largest city is Tokyo, with a population of over 28 million people
1. Tokyo2. Mexico City3. New York
Population Density The average number of people who
live in a measurable area, such as a square mile
Number of people / the total amount of land they occupy = population density
Singapore- 16, 714 people per square mile
Monaco - 45, 333 people per square mile
Urban Geography The study of how people use space
in cities Cities- center of business and
culture and has a large population An urban area develops around an
area called the central business district
Suburbs-political units touching the borders of the central city or touching other suburbs that touch the city
Within commuting distance
Central Business District Also called CBD It is the core of a city, which is
almost always based on commercial activity
Very expensive housing can be found there; land value is very high in the CBD
As you move away from the CBD, other functions become more important (housing begins to dominate land use)
Migration Reasons for migrating are referred
to as push-pull factors Push factors- those that cause
people to leave their homeland Pull factors- draw or attract others
to a region
Factors Influencing Where People Settle
Both physical and human factors affect where people settle.
¾ of the world’s population now live on less than 5% of Earth’s surface. Most of the world’s population is concentrated
in five areas, with more than half in the first two.
East Asia, including China, Korea, Japan, and Taiwan South Asia, with India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri
Lanka Southeast Asia Europe North America
Factors Influencing Where People Settle
Physical Factors Population tends to cluster around
seaports and fresh water sources 2/3 of the world’s population today live
within 500 miles of the ocean Population is typically sparse in
extremely dry, wet, cold, or mountainous areas
People tend to settle in low-lying areas with fertile soil and a temperate or mild climate.
Factors Influencing Where People Settle
Human Factors The need to establish a capital city at a
central location The need to establish new
transportation routes As technology improves, people are
able to explore and settle in new areas despite physical barriers
Economic activities: Discovery of valuable resources like gold,
diamonds, or oil