population - ERICBennett and Rick Rogers, Arizona Family Planning Council; Carol Burgess, ... Rob Melnick, Director of the Morrison Institute, ... from 1990 to the most current year

ED 375 976

AUTHORTITLEINSTITUTION

SPONS AGENCYPUB DATENOTEAVAILABLE FROM

PUB TYPE

EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

IDENTIFIERS

ABSTRACT

DOCUMENT RESUME

PS 022 835

Bierlein, Louann; And OthersKids Count Factbook: Arizona's Children 1994.Arizona State Univ., Tempe. Morrison Inst. for Public

Policy.Annie E. Casey Foundation, Greenwich, CT.Jun 94188p.Morrison Institute for Public Policy, School ofPublic Affairs, Arizona State University, Box 874405,Tempe, AZ 85287-4405.Reports Descriptive (141) Statistical Data (110)

MF01/PC08 Plus Postage.*Adolescents; At Risk Persons; Child Abuse; *ChildHealth; Child Neglect; Children; *Child Welfare; DayCare; Early Childhood Education; Early Parenthood;Educational Environment; *Family (Sociological Unit);Infant Mortality; Poverty; Prenatal Care; StateSurveys; Statistical SurveysAdolescent Suicide; *Arizona; *Child Safety; Out ofHone Care; Sexually Transmitted Diseases

This report presents the second comprehensive look atthe conditions of children and families in Arizona. Building uponinformation presented in the 1992 Factbook, this document presentsand analyzes 48 indicators of child well-being. Following theexecutive summary and tables, chapter 1 provides an overview of thedata for the state as a whole, including a summary of key findings

and tables depicting raw numbers, races adjusted for 'population

growth, and rate changes over time. Racial and ethnic breakdowns are

presented when such data are available. Chapters 2-16 offerindividual county profiles, following the general format establishedin the state chapter. These chapters offer insights into regional

variations and identify varying conditions for children across thestate. The report charts data within the state and county chapters

for each of the following six categories: (1) poverty; (2) child

health and safety; (3). child abuse/neglect and out-of-home care; (4)

early care and education; (5) children in school; and (6) teens

at-risk. Overall, findings'reveal significant improvements for a few

indicators since 1990, most notably within birth-related items, such

as an increase in the percent of women receiving timely prenatal care

and a decrease in low birth-weight births. Findings also suggest

there has been a worsening for many indicators, including poverty,firearm-related deaths and hospitalizations, alleged child abuseincidents, and births to teens. (TJQ)

***********************************************************************

Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be madefrom the original document.

***********************************************************************

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"PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THISMATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY

TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)."

. .

KIDS COUNT FACTBOOK:ARIZONA'S CHILDREN1994

rinkidscount

Funded by:

The Annie E. Casey Foundation

Arizona Department of EconomicSecurity

Arizona Department of HealthServices

Arizona Department of YouthTreatment and Rehabilitation

Arizona Health Care CostContainment System Administration

Arizona Supreme Court

Arizona Public Service

Honeywell

Valley of the Sun United Way

June 1994

VIORRISONINSTIT['fE

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS

ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY

Prepared by:

Louann Bierlein, Assistant Director

Lori Mulholland, Research Specialist

Morrison Institute for Public Policy

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Kids count Factbook:Arizona's Children1994

DS COUNT FACTBOOK: ARIZONA'S CHILDREN 1994 is part of amulti-state effort initiated by the Annie E. Casey Foundation to gather data on thewell-being of children and families and to use such data to help make better policydecisions. In Arizona, this initiative is a partnership of the Morrison Institute forPublic Policy and the Children's Action Alliance. This 1994 Factbook presents thesecond comprehensive look at the conditions of children and families in Arizona,building upon information presented in the first Factbook completed in 1992.

Both documents could not have been completed without the help of numerous peoplethroughout the state. First, recognition is offered to those who pioneered the develop-ment of the 1992 Factbook which served as a framework for this document: TobyKornreich, Linda Sandler, and Duane Hall of the Morrison Institute for Public Policy.

Second, thanks is offered to Char line Franz who, as a former assistant to GovernorSymington, helped secure funding from five state agencies to update this work:Arizona Department of Economic Security (DES), Arizona Department of HealthServices (DHS), Arizona Department of Youth Treatment and Rehabilitation(DYTR), Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System (AHCCCS) Administration,and Arizona Supreme Court. Appreciation is also extended to Arizona Public Serviceand Honeywell for their support of printing services and to The Annie E. CaseyFoundation for its funding of the 1992 Factbook and continued support for the over-all. KIDS COUNT effort both in Arizona and nationally. Thanks is also given to theValley of the Sun United Way for their support.

Recognition is due the members of the KIDS COUNT Partnership AdvisoryCommittee who continue to provide project guidance and support: co-chairs, MarkDeMichele, President and CEO of Arizona Public Service, and Bill Jamieson; C.Diane Bishop, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, ADE; Linda Blessing,Director, DES; Mabel Chen, Director, AHCCCS Administration; Jack Dillenberg,Director, DHS; Eugene Moore. Acting Director, DYTR; Lynne Gallagher, Director,Governor's Office for Children; and Tommy Espinoza, Espinoza Development (ex-officio). The Governor's Office of Strategic Planning and Budgeting is also acknowl-edged for their extensive review of the Factbook.

A round of applause is offered to the individuals within various agencies and organi-zations who so patiently and kindly provided the actual data as noted below.

Arizona Department of Education: Michael Bell, Early Childhood Services: KennethBraun, Achievement Testing; Lynn Busenbark, Special Education Section: LynneDulin, Child Nutrition Programs; Gary Fortney, School Support; Mike Hughes andJanet Seplow, Chapter One/Even Start Services; Jane Hunt and Jill McHaney,Migrant Child Education Unit; Verma Pastor and Jack McCain, BilingualEducation Unit; Caryn Shoemaker, School Finance Unit; Ed Sloat and JonathanWhite. Research and Development Division; and Beverly Wheeler, Child NutritionPrograms.

Arizona Department of Health Services: Mark Fickes, Office Jf HINPSTD Services;Lisa Hulette, Office of Women's and Children's Health; Sheryl Lee, Office ofNutrition Services: Marlene Morgan, Office of Child Care Licensure; ChristopherMrela, Office of Planning, Evaluation, and Public Health Statistics; KathleenNaehr, Arizona Immunization Program: Susan Sanders, Stephen Perkins, GeorgeSaravia, and Curt Bay, Division of Behavioral Health; and Frank Slaughter,Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Program.

Arizona Department of Economic Security: Brian Lensch, Ida Fitch. Bill Hixon, andBonnie Ann Smith, Division of Developmental Disabilities; Walt Conley and PrestonPratt, Administration for Children, Youth, and Families; Betty Jeffries, ArizonaState Data Center; Bruce Liggett, Pete Godfrey, and Connie Shorr, Division ofChildren and Family Services; Iuliana Vaughn and Pama Tucker, Division of ChildSupport Enforcement; and Aldona Vaitkus, Division of Benefits and MedicalEligibility.

4Mornson Institute for Public Policy

7

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Arizona Health Care Cost Containment System Administration: Debi Wells andCathy Valle, Office of Policy Analysis and Coordination.

Arizona Department of Youth Treatment and Rehabilitation: Argie Gomez andSteve Shorr, Community Support Specialists; Dave McCarroll, Mike Ullery, andGrace Kenny, Management Information Systems.

Arizona Supreme Court: David Byers, Administrative Office of the Courts; FrankCarmen; Donna Noriega, Lynn Wiletsky, Bobbie Chinsky, and Elizabeth McNulty,Juvenile Services; and Pat Jenson, Foster Care Review Board.

Head Start Programs: Norma Albert, White Mountain Apache Tribe; PhyllisAntone, Tohono O'Odham Nation; Mary Dana-Bielous, Southwest HumanDevelopment, Inc.; Judy Carter, Maricopa County Social Services Department; RonCharles, Quechan Tribe; Larry Curley, Gloria Clark, and Edith Yazzie, NavajoNation; Caroline Daniel, Colorado River Indian Tribes; Eugene Duncan andImogene Casey, San Carlos Apache Tribe; Cecil Durand, Western Arizona Council ofGovernments; Josephine Imus, Hualapai Tribe; Maggie Malloy, Child-ParentCenters, Inc.; Amelia Masayestewa, Hopi Tribe; Ellen O'Kelly, City of PhoenixHuman Services Department; Imogene Osif and Leota Watahomigie, Gila RiverIndian Community; Alma Pearson, Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community;Jesse Rodriguez. Northern Arizona Council of Governments; Isaac Salcido, ArizonaAffiliated Tribes; Irene Sanchez, Pascua Yaqui Tribe; Jewell Sinyella, HavasupaiTribe; Sherry Ulmer, Pinal-Gila Community Services, Inc.; and Flora Williams,Cocopah Tribe.

Other Agencies /Groups: Lynn Allmann, Department of Public Safety; ConstanceBennett and Rick Rogers, Arizona Family Planning Council; Carol Burgess,Maricopa County Juvenile Court Center; Rex Holgerson, Scott Heubach, and RoyHolt, Arizona Criminal Justice Commission; Adele King, Navajo Division of Health;Steve Lacy, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Social Services; Oralie McGrath, YumaCounty Juvenile Court Center; Karen Sell and Polly Sharp, Inter Tribal Council ofArizona, Inc.; Everett Little Whiteman, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Law Enforcement;and Richard Wilson, Pima County Juvenile Court Center.

Finally, Tom Rex, from the Business Research Center at ASU provided an invalu-able service in calculating indicator rates, population and poverty updates, andanswering never-ending questions. Rob Melnick, Director of the Morrison Institute,offered continued guidance and assistance. 11):ile hats go off to our Kids Count part-ners at Children's Action AllianceGail Jacobs, Dana Naimark, Marsha Porter,Carol Kamin, Irene Jacobs, and Susan McCraw-Helmsand to others elsewhere inthe state who use these findings to impact public policy on behalf of Arizona's chil-dren and families.

MORRISON INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC POLICY

Established in 1981 through a gift from the Morrison family of Gilbert, Arizona,Morrison Institute for Public Policy is an Arizona State University (ASU)resource that conducts research on public policy matters, informs policymakersand the public about issues of importance to Arizona, and advises leaders onchoices and actions. A center in the School of Public Affairs (College of PublicPrograms), Morrison Institute helps make ASU's resources accessible by bridg-ing the gap between the worlds of scholarship and public policy.

Morrison Institute's researchers are some of Arizona's most experienced andwell known policy analysts. Their wide-ranging experiences in the public andprivate sectors and in policy development at the local, state. and national levelsensure that Morrison Institute's work is balanced and realistic. The Institute'sinterests and expertise span such areas as education, urban growth, the envi-ronment, human services, and economic development.

--1111111111.11.11111=TABLE OF CONTENTS

iii

Acknowledgements

Executive Summary and Tables iv

Chapter 1: Arizona Overview 1

Chapter 2: Apache County 13

Chapter 3: Cochise County 21

Chapter 4: Coconino County 29

Chapter 5: Gila County 37

Chapter 6: Graham County 45

Chapter 7: Greenlee County 53

Chapter 8: La Paz County 61

Chapter 9: Maricopa County 69

Chapter 10: Mohave County 77

Chapter 11: Navajo County 85

Chapter 12: Pima County 93

Chapter 13: Pinal County 101

Chapter 14: Santa Cruz County 109

Chapter 15: Yavapai County 117

Chapter 16: Yuma County 125

Glossary 133

Sources and Notes 135

Mocnson Institute for Public Policy

DS COUNT FACTBOOK: ARIZONA'S CHILDREN 1994 presents thesecond comprehensive look at the conditions of children and families in Arizona.Building upon information presented in the 1992 Factbook, this document paintsthe picture of changing conditions between two time periods: (1) a base year in themid -1980s to 1990, and (2) from 1990 to the most current year for which indicatordata were available (1992 or 1993). In total, 48 indicators of child well-being arepresented and analyzed in this document.

New indicators include newborns in intensive care, firearm-related deaths andhospitalizations, alleged child abuse victims', family planning services, juvenilereferrals, and active DES child support cases. Only one indicator from the 1992Factbookjuveniles held in county detention centerscould not be includedbecause the installation of a new statewide data collection system had just beencompleted (see sources and notes section for more detail).

Chapter 1 provides an overview of the data for the state as a whole, including a sum-mary of key findings and tables depicting raw numbers, rates adjusted for populationgrowth, and rate changes over time. Racial/ethnic breakdowns are presented whenthese data were available. Chapters 2-16 offer individual county profiles, followingthe general format established in the state chapter. These chapters offer insightsinto regional variations and identifies varying conditions for children across thestate.

Overall, findings reveal significant improvements for a few indicators since 1990,most notably within birth-related items, such as an increase in the percent ofwomen receiving timely prenatal care and a decrease in low birth-weight births.On the other hand, findings suggest there has been considerable worsening formany indicators, including poverty, firearm-related deaths and hospitalizations,alleged child abuse incidents, and births to teens.

The Factbook presents the data divided into six major categories; key findings foreach category are summarized below. Complete data for each area are charted with-in the state and county chapters.

Poverty: Conditions of poverty continue to be a significant factor in the decline ofchild well-being in Arizona. In 1993, an estimated 23.4% of children under age 18lived in poverty, or over one of every five children. Conditions for younger childrenwere worse, in that over one in four (27.0%) lived in homes below the poverty level.In several rural counties, nearly one of every two children lived in poverty.Significant increases were visible in other indicators of economic distress includingfamilies receiving AFDC, food stamps, free/reduced lunches, and in the numbers ofhomeless children.

Child Health and Safety: Positive signs were evident for several indicators withinthis category including decreases in the number of women receiving late or no pre-natal care, low birth-weight births, infant deaths, and reported cases of sexuallytransmitted diseases. Continued decline, however, was seen in other health andsafety indicators. These include higher percentages of drownings, children withouthealth insurance coverage, firearm-related deaths and hospitalizations, homicides,and diagnosed cases of HIV infection/AIDS. Unfortunately, large numbers ofArizona children and family members were still without adequate health care, pro-tection, and support.

Child Abuse/Neglect and Out-of-Home Care: Reports of alleged child abuse contin-ued to climb in Arizona, reaching 48,283 in 1993, and involving almost 83,000 chil-dren. Out-of-home placements for reasons of abuse or neglect also increased beyondthat accounted for by population growth, as did numbers of active DES child sup-port cases I e.g., "deadbeat" parents or those in which paternity and/or obligation isbeing established).

7

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYAND TABLES

Kids Count Factbook:Arizona's Children

1994


count

Early Care and Education: The number of indigent children receiving comprehen-sive state or federally funded preschool services increased slightly, from an estimat-ed 35% of those eligible in 1990 to 37% in 1993. The number ofstate-approved childcare spaces also increased, covering approximately 58% of the children under sixliving in single or dual-parent working households in 1993 (up from 42% in 1990).

Children in School: Arizona's public schools have continued to educate larger num-bers of students since 1990. Of these students, greater percentages were identifiedin 1993 as being in need of migrant services and as being limited English proficient.The annual dropout rate worsened, while the four-year graduation rate improved(although definitional and procedural changes need to be considered). Achievementdata revealed that students did not score well on the first year administration of theASAP performance-based assessments focused on higher level thinking skills, whileArizona students continued to be "average" in performance on the national norm-referenced basic skills tests.

Teens At-Risk: Increases in the numbers of teenage girls having babies continued tooccur. Suicides among teens, however, decreased statewide. Reported use of alcoholand cocaine was down, while marijuana and inhalant use increased slightly. Perhapsof more concern, percentages of those reporting use for the first time at age 13 or

younger increased for all drug categories except marijuana.

Finally, slight increases were visible in the number of juvenile arrests for violentcrimes, while the percent of overall juvenile arrests decreased slightly. Unfortunately,although increased media attention has been focused on juvenile crime issues,unduplicated arrest data were not yet available to determine if more children werecommitting crimes or if some children were simply committing more crimes.

The analyses undertaken in KIDS COUNT FACTBOOK: ARIZONA'S CHILDREN1994 clearly demonstrate that while the state's child population has increased, theoverall quality of life for these children has worsened (despite improvements in sev-eral areas). The table on the following page highlights 30 indicators for which con-sistent trend data were available. Between 1990 and the update year (1992 or

1993), 23 of the indicators displayed increased rates (depicting worsening conditionsin most cases), five revealed rate decreases (depicting improvements), and the ratefor two remained the same. Tables that follow summarize a range of child well-being conditions, broken down by individual counties. Complete data profiles for allstate and county indicators are found in separate chapters.

In conclusion, children comprised over 27% of Arizona's population in 1993 repre-senting nearly 1.1 million individuals. Many of these children lived in healthy, nur-turing environments, but growing numbers experienced increased distress. Theirdeteriorating situation was measured by the rise in the number who lived in poverty.were killed or hospitalized by firearms, became pregnant, committed crimes, or tookdrugs at a young age. As these numbers continue to grow, so does the need for apublic policy response. The multiplicity of problems impacting Arizona's childrenrequire ongoing attention and long-term solutions.

8

VMorrison Institute for Public Policy


COMPOSITE LOOK:RATE CHANGES FOR ARIZONA'S CHILDREN OVER TIMEt

INDICATOR Base Year 1990 1990 Update Year

CHILD POVERTYChildren Living in Poverty (0-17 yrs.; estimate)

. _ _ ._...._Children in AFDC Families (0-18 yrs.)

Children in Families Receiving Food Stamps (0-18 yrs:)

Approved Free/Reduced Lunch Applications (gr. K-12)

AHCCCS Enrollment (0-19 yrs.)

Births Covered by AHCCCS

Increase_ .

Increase

Increase

Increase

Increase Increase

Increase Increase

Increase Increase. _

Increase Increase

CHILD HEALTH & SAFETYWomen Receiving Late or No Prenatal Care Increase Decrease

Low Birth-weight Births Increase Same

Newborns in Intensive Care Program Increase_ _Infant Deaths/Mortality Rate Decrease Decrease

Child Drownings (0-4 yrs.) Decrease Increase_ _

Firearm-related Deaths (0-19 yrs.) Decrease Increase. _

Firearm-related Hospitalizations (0-19 yrs.) Increase Increase_. _Homicide Victims (0-18 yrs.) Increase _ _

Increase

Reported Cases of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (0-19 yrs.) Increase Decrease__ _ . _ _ . _ .

Diagnosed Cases of HIV Infection (0-19 yrs.) Increase Increase

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT & OUT-OF-HOME CARE

Child Abuse Reports (0-17 yrs.) Increase Increase

Out-of-Home Placements by DES (0-17 yrs.) Increase Increase

EARLY CARE & EDUCATIONFederal/State Preschool Services

State-approved Child Care Spaces

Increase Increase

Increase

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLStudents Identified as Limited English Proficient Increase Increase

Students Receiving Migrant Services Same Increase

High School Dropout Rate (gr. 9-12) Increase'.. .

High School Graduation Rate Increase' Increase*

TEENS AT RISKBirths to Teens (13-18 yrs.) Increase Increase

Decrease DecreaseTeen Suicides (15-19 yrs.)

Juvenile Arrests (8-17 yrs.)

Juvenile Arrests for Violent Crimes (8-17 yrs.)

Juveniles Committed to Secure DYTR Correctional Facilities

First Time Drug Use at Age 13 or Below

Increase Decrease

Increase Increase

Same

Increase Increase

Table depicts an analysis of rate changes (as adjusted by population growth) for 30 indicators for which trend data were available. In moot cases, a rate "increase" depicts"worsening" of that condition for children: a rate "decrease" depicts a 'better" condition. Actual indicator totals, rates, and rate increases or decreases for Arizona arepreFent,.d in rimpter 1.

No consistent trend data available.

Although common definitions have been applied for the past three years. caution is still warranted in reviewing these data due to potential reporting inconsistencies.

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1213

---MMEMEMEMMCHAPTER 1:ARIZONA OVERVIEW

Viewed as a desirable place to

live, Arizona has been a magnet

for growth, steadily attracting indi-

viduals and development since

the post-war decades. In 1980,

Arizona's total population was

2.72 million, increasing to 3.67

million in 1990, and to an estimat-

ed 3.95 million in 1993. Children

under age 18 represent a sub-

stantial portion, reaching 27.3%

of Arizona's population in 1993.

Although vast rural areas exist,

some 73% of Arizona's popula-

tion reside in urbanized locations.

I Note: Important qualifications exist for manyi indicators presented in this Factbook. Data

Interpretation and conclusions should occur onlafter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections. .

1

ARIZONA COUNTIES

RIZONA'S child population continues to increase, more so now in the 1990sthan in years prior. Table 1.1 reveals that between 1980 and 1990, the number ofchildren rose an average of 2.4% per year (24% total), while from 1990 to 1993, thegrowth equaled over 3% per year (10% total). In 1993, children represented 27.3% ofthe state's population.

Overall quality-of-life conditions for this growing number of children continue to be ofconcern, although some improvements since 1990 have occurred. Of the 28 indicators

TABLE 1.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)ARIZONA

Race/Ethnicity 1980 1990

Growth'80 *'90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 '93

White 505,287 64% 585,830 60% 16% 626,258 58% 7%

Hispanic 184,013 23% 265,374 27% 44% 306,810 29% 16%

Native American 65,871 8% 78,665 8% 19% 85,565 8% 9%

African American 25,889 3% 35,256 4% 36% 39,821 4% 13%

Other 10,427 1% 15,994 2% 53% 18,837 2% 18%

TOTAL 791,487 99 %' 981,119 101 %' 24% 1,077,291101%* 10%

Does not equal 100% due to rounding.

14 Morrison Institute for Public Policy

r

shown on Table 1.3 for which trend datasince 1990 were available, rate increas-es depicting worsening conditions inmost cases) were visible for 21. (Allindicator data are presented in Table 1.3unless otherwise noted. Also, all rateshave been adjusted for population).

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of child well-beingin Arizona. Census data reveal that16.5% of the state's children lived in

poverty in 1980, increasing to 22.2% in1990, and increasing further to an esti-mated 23.4% in 1993. The status ofchildren under age five was even worse,with an estimated 27.0% living inpoverty in 1993. These state averages,however, mask the extreme povertyconditions in many of Arizona's ruralcounties. For example, over 50% of thechildren in Apache County and 40% of

those in La Paz and Navajo Countiesresided in poverty in 1993.

Beyond information extracted from thecensus, the rise in child poverty can beseen through other indicators as notedbelow.

Aid to Families with DependentChildren (AFDC) - In 1993, 11.6% ofArizona's children lived in familiesreceiving AFDC assistance, up from8.1% in 1990 and 5.5% in 1986. ApacheCounty had the highest percent22.4%), while Yavapai County had the

lowest (7.4%).

Food Stamps - Nearly one of everyfour children in the state (23.6%) lived

in families that received food stamps in1993, up from 15.5% in 1990 and 12.1%in 1988. Apache County had the high-est rate (46.2%), while Yavapai Countyhad the lowest rate (18.3%).

Free and Reduced r.unch Program -Some 43.3% of the st ite's public schoolchildren participated in the federal freeand reduced-cost lunch program in 1993,

up from 36.1% in 1990 and 32.4% in1988. The highest rate of participationduring 1993 occurred within ApacheCounty (73.8%), while the lowest was inYavapai County (36.3%).

AHCCCS Enrollment - In 1993, oneof every four children from newborn to19 years in Arizona (26.9%) was enrolled

in the Arizona Health Care CostContainment System ( AHCCCS), thestate's indigent health care program,up from 22.0% in 1990 and 15.7% in1988. All counties experienced enroll-ment increases, with the highest ratefound in Apache County (46.3%) andthe lowest in Yavapai County (21.9%).

In addition, 42.1% of all Arizona birthsin 1993 were to mothers enrolled inAHCCCS, up from 30.2% in 1990, and19.2% in 1988.

Homeless Children - Although anexact count of homeless children inArizona was not available, schools andsocial service agencies responding to anADE survey identified 20,382 such chil-dren during Fall 1993, up from 12,890identified through the same survey in1990. Duplication exists within thesenumbers because some children mayhave been served by more than oneagency or school. Census data from 1990identified an unduplicated count of5,237 homeless children. This number,however, is known to be an undercount.

HEALTH AND SAFETYThirteen indicators were analyzedwithin this category: three showed ratedecreases, one remained stable, andrate increases were noted for seven (notrend data existed for two).

Late or No Prenatal Care - The num-ber of women giving birth who receivedlate or no prenatal care decreased sig-

nificantly from 23,281(33.8% of allbirths) in 1990 to 20,555 (29.9%) in1992. Improvements occurred across allracial/ethnic groups although major con-cern remains within several groups; forexample, 48% of all Native Americanbirths and 43% of all Hispanic birthsreceived late or no prenatal care (seeTable 1.5). La Paz had the worst rate(53.3% of all births) while MaricopaCounty had the best (23.7%).

Low Birth-weight Births - The per-cent of low birth-weight birthsremained steady at a rate of 6.5% of all

births in both 1990 and 1992, after anincrease during the mid-1980s. Table1.5 reveals that African Americanwomen had the highest rate, in that13% of all such births in 1992 were low

birth-weight. Greenlee County dis-played the best rate (4.4%), whileCoconino County had the worst (7.8%).

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

> Some 27.0% of Arizona's

children under age five were

estimated to have lived in

poverty in 1993, up from

25.3% in 1990.

> Nearly half (42.1%) of all

Arizona births in 1993 were

to mothers enrolled in

AHCCCS, up from 30.2%

in 1990.

.)b. 5,237 homeless children in

Arizona were identified as

part of the 1990 census

process.

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

Less than half (42.6%) of

Arizona's two-year-olds were

estimated to be fully immu-

nized in 1993.

One of every seven children

in Arizona (14.6%) were

estimated to be without health

insurance in 1991, up from an

estimated 13.0% in 1990.

> After a downward trend,

child drownings in Arizona

increased from 17 in 1990, to

23 in 1992.

3

Newborns in Intensive Care ProgramThe number of newborns receiving ser-vices through the Newborn IntensiveCare Program (NICP) increasedstatewide from 3,043 (4.4% of all births)in 1989/90 to 3,401 (4.9%) in 1992/93.Initial inpatient hospital costs associat-ed with these infants were nearly $90million in 1993. Coconino County hadthe highest rate at 6.6% in 1993.

Infant Mortality Rate The numberof infant deaths per 1,000 live birthsdeclined from 8.7 in 1990 to 8.3 -in1992. This compares with a nationalrate of 8.5 in 1992. The highest ratewas found in Navajo County (12.5)while La Paz County registered no suchdeaths in 1992.

Supplemental Nutrition ProgramsIn 1993, 101,813 pregnant women,infants and children from low-incomefamilies in Arizona received supple-mental nutntion services through WICand CSFP. However, this representedonly 51% of those deemed eligible forsuch services statewide. Pinal Countyhad nearly 100% of their eligible popu-lation served, while in MaricopaCounty, just 41% of those estimated tobe eligible were served.

Family Planning Services Surveydata collected by the Arizona FamilyPlanning Council indicated that 95,352women-in-need (those of childbearingage with incomes below 250% of thepoverty level) received subsidized fami-ly planning services in 1992. This rep-resents only 36% of the 264,434 indi-viduals deemed in need of such service.This is of concern considering the risingbirth rate among Arizona's teens and infamilies living in poverty.

Immunizations Less than half(42.6%) of Arizona's two-year-oldsserved by public health in Arizona wereestimated to be fully immunized in1993 (a new state data collection processinstituted in 1993 prevents trend analy-sis). This rate varies widely amongcounties with many rural counties hav-ing a much lower rate of immunization.For example, only 26% of two-year-oldsin Pinal County and 29% in ApacheCounty (public health sector only) wereestimated to be fully-immunized.

16

Children with No Health InsuranceSome 133,000 Arizona children (14.6%)were estimated to be without healthinsurance in 1991 (compared with anational average 002.7%). This largenumber of "notch group" childrenwhose family incomes exceed AHCCCSeligibility but who have no other formof health insurance, grew from an esti-mated 116,000 (13.0%) in 1990.Caution is urged in using these num-bers as trend data since it was neces-sary to use two different data sources.

Child Drowning After a significantdecrease since 1985, child drowningsamong children under five increasedfrom 17 in 1990 (5.8 per 100,000) to 23in 1992 (7.2 per 100,000).

Firearm-related Deaths andHospitalizations & HomicidesStatewide, firearm-related incidentsrose among Arizona's children.Firearm-related deaths (accidents, sui-cides and homicides) increased from 65incidents in 1990, to 104 in 1992; hospi-talizations increased from 262 to 362.Homicides (using firearms as well asother methOds) also increased, from 44incidents in 1990 to 67 in 1992.Maricopa County registered the great-est number of these incidents.

Sexually Transmitted DiseasesReported cases of sexually transmitteddiseases (i.e., syphilis, gonorrhea, her-pes, and chlamydia) among Arizona'syouth under age 20 increased from4,987 in 1990 to 5,085 in 1992; however,when adjusted for population growth,the rate decreased slightly from 4.5% ofthe child population in 1990 to 4.4% in1992. Rate decreases occurred acrossmost counties, although significant .

increases were noted in several coun-ties, most notably Mohave County. Itshould be noted that although the total-number of STDs declined, the numberas well as rate of chlamydia casesincreased slightly, from 3,274 cases(0.30%) in 1990 to 3,635 cases (0.32%)in 1992.

HIV infection/AIDS The number ofchildren ages 0-19 who had contractedthe human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection/AIDS increased sub-stantially, rising from five reportedcases in 1985 to 120 in 1993. Although


the number of cases among childrenremains small relative to all Arizonacases (120 of 6,382 cases or 2%), thenumbers have grown substantially andare projected to increase even more.

Behavioral Health ServicesPublicly supported behavioral healthservices for Arizona's children are over-seen to some degree by five state agen-cies, all members of the Children'sBehavioral Health Council (see Table1.12). During FY 1992/93, the Divisionof Behavioral Health within DHS sup-ported 1,092 residential placementsand 17,711 outpatient services; theDivision of Children and FamilyServices within DES was responsiblefor at least 349 residential placementsusing end of quarter point-in-time

data); the Administrative Office of theCourts supported 671 residential place-ments and 14,982 nonresidential ser-vices; DYTR supported 363 residentialplacements (beyond those in securecare) and 354 nonresidential services(not including counseling services); andADE paid for the education of 381 stu-dents placed in residential care. Itshould be noted that an unduplicatedcount of children receiving publicly sup-ported behavioral health services can-not be determined at this time becauseof duplication within and across someagencies, nor is consistent trend dataavailable. A series of system changesare underway, including the develop-ment of a process to collect commondata across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREChild Abuse Reports & AllegedVictims Reports made to DES ofalleged child abuse climbed from 37,928to 48,283. Within these reports, 82,875alleged child abuse victims were identi-fied in 1993. (Note: Each report mayrepresent up to six children, and thesame children may be included in morethan one report in a given year).Looking specifically at the various cate-gories of abuse (see Table 1.14), threetypes of reports registered strikingincreases from 1990 to 1993: minorabuse/neglect (up 59%), potentialabuse/neglect (up 33q) and sexualabuse (up 26%). Reports of emotionalabuse were down 27%.

Out-of-Home Care Table 1.11shows that 4,209 children resided inout-of-home care under the jurisdictionof the DES Division of Children andFamily Services in January 1993, up18% from 1990. Children reviewed forplacement within the state's foster caresystem decreased by 5% from 1,594 in1990 to 1,522 in 1993, slowing downfrom the previous 131% increase from1985 to 1990. Finally, using point-in-time data, 266 children were placed inout-of-home care by the DES Divisionof Developmental Disabilities becauseof abuse, neglect, or abandonment in1993, decreasing 29% from the 376placed in 1991. Totals and populationrates cannot be determined given someduplication within these counts.

Active Child Support Cases Table1.13 reveals that the total number ofactive child support cases handled byDES (e.g., "deadbeat" parents or thosein which paternity and/or obligation isbeing established) have increased by12%, from 237,115 in 1992 to 265,586 in1993. The increase of such cases amongfamilies receiving AFDC was 17%.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONThere was a 36% increase in the totalchild population between 1980 and1993, and a 77% increase in those underage six. This growth, along with theincreasing number of women enteringthe workforce and higher levels of pover-ty, suggests a need for increased childcare and early education opportunities.

Child Care In 1993, an estimated213,806 Arizona children under age sixlived in single or two-parent workinghouseholds (and therefore required childcare), while there were 124,744 state-approved child care spaces or 58% ofneed. Although there was a 50%increase in the number of state-approvedchild care spaces since 1990, these datareveal a continuing need (see Table 1.7).During 1993, DES subsidies assisted anaverage of 27,706 children per month,representing 24% of all day care spacesapproved by DES and DHS. Finally,many schools offered before/after schoolchild care for school-age children; inSeptember 1993. 190 schools reportedserving 7,171 children in grades K-8.

17

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

)0- Reported cases of HIV

infection/AIDS among

Arizona's children reached

120 in 1993, up from five in

1985.

)- Nearly 83,000 alleged child

abuse victims in Arizona were

identified in 1993.

)1- Active child support cases

(e.g., "deadbeat" parents) in

Arizona increased by 12% in

one year.

4

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

)1- Over 16% of all Hispanic,

Native American, and African

American public school

students in Arizona dropped

out in 1993.

> Births to teens increased to

10% of all births in 1992.

Teen suicides in Arizona

decreased significantly, from

42 deaths in 1990 to 34 in

1992.

Preschool Services Table 1.6 showsthat during Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 12,649 children inArizona: Head Start Programs hadfunded enrollment slots for 11,190 chil-dren (up 29% from 1991); the state-funded At-Risk Pilot served 1,127 (up282%); and Even Start supported 332(up 64%). These children represented37% of the estimated 34,217 three- andfour-year-olds who lived in poverty andwould have been eligible for such ser-vices. Preschool special education ser-vices were provided to an additional4,107 children, while Chapter 1 andMigrant Child Education served 2,384.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLArizona's public schools educated649,320 students during academic year1992/93 (up 10% from 1989/90).

Limited English Proficiency In1992/93, 12.2% of all students wereidentified as being limited English pro-ficient (up from 8.9% in 1990, a 37%increase). Santa Cruz County had thehighest percent of its students identi-fied as LEP (69.4%), while GreenleeCounty had the lowest (0.9%). Whilelimited English proficiency itself doesnot constitute a negative condition forchildren, it can place children at risk ofschool failure.

Migrant Students Students receiv-ing migrant services also increased,representing 2.2% of all students in1992/93 (up from 2.1% in 1990). Not allmigrant students, however, receivedservices; in 1993, 13,965 of 18,481 stu-dents identified as eligible (76% )received such support. The largestnumber served was in Yuma County.

High School Dropouts & GraduationRate Larger numbers of students aredropping out of school on an annualbasis in that 24,348 students (12.4%)dropped out (or were expelled or statusunknown) in 1993 compared with21,689 students (10.9 %) in 1992. On theother hand, the four-year graduationrate has improved slightly from 65.0%in 1991, to 67.0% in 1992, and finally to68.0% in 1993. Ethnic/racial break-downs reveal that over 16% of allHispanic, Native American, and AfricanAmerican public high school students in

18

the state dropped out in 1993 (see Table1.9). Note: Although common definitionshave been applied for the past threeyears, caution is warranted in review-ing these trend data due to potentialreporting inconsistencies.

State Testing Results Results fromthe March 1993, Arizona StudentAssessment Program revealed an overallpoor performance by Arizona's students(see Table 1.8). On average, students'scores were less than half of the totalpoints possible for most test components.On the other hand, the norm-referencedtest revealed that Arizona's scores onthis basic skill test were "average" inthat approximately 40% of the studentsscored below the 40th percentile.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to Teens Births to teenagegirls aged 13-18 in Arizona increasedfrom 4.2% of such teens in 1990 to 4.6%in 1992. Table 1.5 reveals that births toteens are also constituting a larger per-centage of total births, moving from 9%of all births in 1990 to 10% in 1992,with proportional increases across allracial/ethnic groups.

Teen Suicide Arizona's teenage sui-cide rate increased from 42 deaths in1990 (16.2 per 100,000) to 49 deaths in1991 (18.3) and then decreased signifi-cantly to 34 deaths in 1992 (13.4).However. Arizona was still above thenational average of 11.1 per 100,000 in1990 (most recent year available), andcaution is urged in drawing conclusionsuntil further trend data are available.

Juvenile Arrests While the num-ber of juvenile arrests (not includingthose occurring on Indian reservations )increased slightly from 53,096 in 1990to 55.159, the rate decreased from10.3% of all children aged 8-17 to10.1%. However, both the number andrate for juvenile arrests for violentcrimes (armed robbery, rape, murder/manslaughter, aggravated assault)increased from 1,928 (0.37%) in 1990 to2,266 (0.42 %) in 1992. Pima Countyhad the highest arrest rate when com-pared to its total teen population(14.5%1. Note: Some duplication existssince these data include multiplearrests for some children. Unduplicatedpopulation rates would be smaller.


Juvenile Referrals In 1992/93,there were 65,453 referrals to countyjuvenile courts statewide (not includingTribal Courts), representing 40.470individual children. These childrenwere referred by various sourcesincluding law enforcement, schools.parents. probation officers) for alleged-ly committing a delinquent or incorrigi-ble act. No trend data were availablefor comparison purposes.

Juvenile Incarceration Althoughthe number of juveniles committed tosecure DYTR correctional facilitiesincreased from 908 in 1990 to 994 in1993. the rate remained the same at0.37 when adjusted for populationgrowth. Of the increased numbers,however, females are becoming a largerpercentage of the population, goingfrom 72 in 1990 (8% of those incarcerat-ed) to 135 in 1993 (14%).

Drug Use Table 1.10 depicts trendsfor self-reported drug use amongArizona's high school population.Overall, reported use of alcohol andcocaine was down (alcohol decreasedfrom 76% in 1990 to 67% in 1992;

cocaine from 11% to 8%), while report-ed use of marijuana and inhalants is up(marijuana increased from 32% in 1990to 37% in 1992; inhalants from 16% to19%). On the other hand, the percent-ages of those reporting use for the firsttime at age 13 or younger increased forall drug categories except marijuana.For example, 64% of those reportinguse of inhalants and 40% of those usingcocaine, reported they first used thesedrugs at age 13 or younger, up from62% and 33% in 1990.

Table 1.2 below provides a glance athow Arizona compares with the nation-al average on select indicators.

TABLE 1.2: HOW DOES ARIZONA COMPARE NATIONALLY?

U.S. AverItge Arizona Average

Head of Household with Highest 10.4% 9.0%Education less than 9th Grade (1990)

Unemployment Rate (1993) 6.8% 6.2%

Per Capita Personal Income (1991) $19,091 $16,594

% of Female Head-of-Householdswith Children under 5 that Live in

57.4% 56.4%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) e .8* 6.8'

Birth Rate (1992) 16.0' 17.8'

Per 1.000 population.

19

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

)- Increases were visible in

juvenile arrests for violent

crimes: however unduplicated

counts did not exist to determine

if more children were commit-

ting crimes or if some children

were simply committing more

crimes.

Larger percentages of children

reported drug use for the first

time at age 13 or younger for

all drug categories except

marijuana.

TA

BLE

1.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

EIN

G IN

DIC

AT

OR

S &

TR

EN

DS

AR

IZO

NA

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985)

1990

Upd

ate

Yef

ir(1

993)

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

9(1

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

YC

hild

ren

Livi

ng in

Pov

erty

38,4

9775

.950

87,8

7518

.325

.327

.0

(0-4

yrs

.; es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty12

7.88

921

9,05

025

2,07

516

.522

.223

.4(0

-17

yrs.

; est

imat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

50,4

2783

,861

129,

541

5.5

8.1

11.6

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

118,

809

160,

595

262,

460

12.1

15.5

23.6

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

169,

103

201,

479

279,

595

32.4

36.1

43.3

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h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

166,

696

247,

232

320,

762

15.7

22.0

26.9

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

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AH

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cov

ered

Birt

hs12

,500

21,0

4228

,666

i19

.230

.242

.1

(198

7/88

)(1

987/

88)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

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(0-1

8 yr

s.)

5,23

7-

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5

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

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19,9

9723

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20,5

5533

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Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

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Birt

h-w

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hs3.

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4,45

14,

476

6.3

6.5

6.5

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

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043

3,40

1-

4.4

4.9

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nt D

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260

256

39.

6'8.

7'8.

3'(1

992)

(199

2)

Sup

plem

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l Nut

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n P

rogr

ams

(WIC

& C

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P w

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, inf

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and

child

ren)

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1,81

3, i

--

21.4

Com

plet

e Im

mun

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amon

g 2-

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s-

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116,

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133,

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1)

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rs.)

3017

2310

.6"

5.8"

7.2"

(199

2)(1

992)

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

6565

104

6.7"

5.9"

9.0"

(199

2)(1

992)

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

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ince

199

00

Dec

reas

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crea

se

11

I

4.6%

1 N

II

II

16.7

%

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MO

43.

2% 52.3

%

19.9

%

III 2

2.3%

1.11

1 39

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0%

11.4

%

12.3

%

24.1

%

52.5

%

Indi

cato

rB

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pdat

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.( 1

993

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ase

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2.

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31.5

**i

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T.

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ii

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s.)

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9)(1

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(198

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992)

32.9

%

Hom

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e V

ictim

s (0

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yrs.

)34

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3.7-

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%(1

992)

(199

2)

Dia

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ases

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ases

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lly3,

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75,

085

3.2

4.5

4.4

2.2%

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nsm

itted

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ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

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GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

23,3

1737

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832.

73.

94.

515

.4%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

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tims

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(0-1

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ILD

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choo

l Dro

pout

s-

21,6

8924

,348

-10

.912

.413

.8%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

31,4

3131

,514

31,8

5565

.067

.068

.01.

5%(w

ithin

4 y

rs.)

(199

1)(1

992)

(199

1)(1

992)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

0 yr

s.)

5,06

16,

192

6,87

43.

64.

24.

69.

5%(1

992)

(199

2)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

4142

3417

.3"

16.2

"13

.4"

17.3

%(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8.

17 y

rs.)

.41

,340

53.0

9655

,159

8.0

10.3

10.1

1.9%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

1,05

21,

928

2,26

60.

220.

370.

4213

.5%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

908

994

-0.

370.

370%

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

'T

he b

ase"

yea

r is

198

5 an

d th

e "u

pdat

e" y

ear

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

s un

less

oth

erw

ise

note

d in

col

umn.

Dat

a no

t !I.:

8111

1We;

N N

o tr

end

can

he s

how

n;P

er 1

,000

live

birt

hs; *

* P

er 1

00,0

00.

Cam

.on

shou

ld h

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

l rea

l num

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

cha

nges

; inc

reas

es'd

ecre

ases

to o

rfr

om a

rat

e of

0 a

re li

sted

as

100'

4.

2223

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

9

Although signif-

icant improve-

ments occurred

since 1990,

over 20,000

Arizona women

(30%) did not

receive timely

prenatal care in

1992; nearly

half of Native

American

(48%) and

Hispanic (43%)

women were

without timely

care.

TABLE 1.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY*ARIZONA

.

Total State 626,258 58% 306,810 29% 85,565 8% 39,821 4% 18,837 2% 1,077,291

Racial/EthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 44,870 35% 49,683 38% 20,608 16% 13,489 10% 891 1% 129,541

AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

- - -AHCCCS 118,078 37% 127,915 40% 46,975 15% 21,871 7% 5,923 2% 320,762

Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

- - _ ,

Firearm-related 45 43% 38 37% 11 11% 10 10% 0 0% 104

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992) -Juvenile Arrests 30,810 56% 17,850 32% 1,945 4% 4.231 8% 323 1% 55,159

(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

* Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By comparing the indicator percentages tothe state's child population

(found at top of table), one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher or lower representation.

Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 1.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNICGROUPARIZONA

:- .

White Births 1990 23% 6% NA 6%

1992 20% 6% 5% 7%

Hispanic Births 1990 49% 6% NA 14%

1992 43% 6% 5%, 15 °0

.. _

Native American Births 1990 54% 6% NA 11%

1992 48% 6% 4% 12

African American Births 1990 40% 12% NA 15%

1992 35% 13% 9% 16%

Other 1990 25% 7% NA 2%

1992 22% 8% 11% 3%

State Total 1990 34% 7% 4% 9%

1992 30% 7% 5% 10%

' Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurred 'e.g.. of all births to

white women, what percent were low birth weight i.

NA Data not available.

No births of that nature. 9 4Fiscal years 1989/90 and 1992/93; depicts those served through the Newborn Intensive Care Program

Morrison Instilute for Public Policy

TABLE 1.6: CHILDREN PROVIDEDFEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESARIZONA

1990/91 1993/94 `30 Change

HEAD STARTArizona Head Start Grantees 4,375 6,762 55%

Indian Head Start 4,001 4,140 3%

Migrant Head Start 310 288 .70/0

Head Start Subtotal 8,686 11,190 29%

ADE ADMINISTEREDPRESCHOOLSEBVICESSpecial Education 2,490 4,107 65%

Migrant Child Education 332 487 47 °t

Chapter 1 1,781 1,897 7%

Even Start 203 3V 64%

At-Risk Pilot Project 295 1,127 282%

ADE Subtotal 5,101 7,950 56%

Total of Federal andState-supported Preschool Services 13,787 19,140 39%

During 1993, it is estimated that 34,217 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Arizona, of which 12,649children (37%i were served in comprehensive preschool programs tHead Start. Even Start, At-Risk Pilot Project).

TABLE 1.7: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESARIZONA

s

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 4,652 7,760 67%(9/91)

)1.-

Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 4,828 5,103 6%

_ . .

Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 73,439 110,537 . 51%

Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 350 1,344 284%

Total 83,269 124,744 50%

P. In 1993. there were an estimated 213,806 children in Arizona under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 124,744 state-approved child care spaces (58%).

Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 27,706 children per month during Fall1993, representing 24 percent of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the state.

September 1993 ADE survey results indicate that of 591 responding schools. 190 offered before/after schoolchild care programs serving 7.171 children. grades K-8.

25ala..

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

During 1993, approximately

37% of Arizona's indigent

three- and four-year-olds were

served in comprehensive

preschool programs, up from

about 35% in 1991.

Although state-approved child

care spaces increased by 50%

since 1990, total spaces

covered only an estimated

58% of the need in Arizona.

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

TABLE 1.8: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSARIZONA

Arizona StudeoX Assessment Program(March 1993 Results)

Assessment Component State(Total Points Possible) Mean

GRADE 3

GRADE 8

GRADE 12

Reading (20 pts.) 9.1

Math (20 pts.) 11.7

Writing (8 pts.) 4.8


Math (16 pts.) 4.8

Writing (8 pts.) 5.1


Math (20 pts.)

Writing (8 pts.)

5.6

5.1

Norm-referenced Testing(Spring 1990 and Fall 1992)"

State 1990 State 1992

LANGUAGE 36% 39%

MATH 42% 42%

READING 38% 41%

Percent of all students taking test scoring below the 40th percentile.

TABLE 1.10: HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS REPORTING DRUG USEAND % HAVING DONE SO AT AGE 13 OR YOUNGER

TABLE 1.9: HIGH SCHOOL ).ROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIALJ._.HNIC POPULATIONARIZONA

White

1991/02

9,967 8.2%

1992/93

11,505 9.7%

Hispanic 7,816 15.2% 8,833 16.9%

NativeAmerican 2,423 16.7% 2,4.39 17.6%

AfricanAmerican 1,192 14.0% 1,309 16.2%

Other 291 7.9% 262 7.0%

' Depicts the percentage of high school dropouts within a given racial/eth-nic group (e.g., of all white students in grades 9.12, what percentdropped out that year).

80

70

60

cn 50

0

in40

5e 30--

20

10

0

11

76% 76%

40%

21%

Alcohol Marijuana Inhalants

2611% 11% 11%

)

FTS.i g2i Ki."1

Hallucinogens

11 1988 = 18,241 students

1990 = 11,364 students

1993 = 5,018 students

Of all students reporting drug usage. the

lower shaded portions represent the percentwho noted they had first tried that drug at age

13 or younger. For example, in 1993, 47% of

those reporting ever having tned marijuana.

first used it at age 13 or younger.

13%

Cocaine

Mornson Institute for Public Policy

TABLE 1.11: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*ARIZONA

Placing and/orFunding Agency 1985 1990

0. Change85 to '90 1993

°. Change'90 to '93

Division of Children and 2,163 3,567 65% 4,209 18%Family Services, DES (1/85) (1/90) (1/93)

Foster Care ReviewBoard, Admin. Office of the 691 1,594 131% 1,522 -5%Courts (new placements)

Developmental Disabilities 376 266 -29%Division. DES** (12/23/91) (12/31/93)

- No data available; The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within andacross agencies. Residential behavioral health services cas reported in the table below) are also a form of out-of-home placement in addition to the numbers listed above.

" Foster care placements for abuse. neglect, or abandonment.

TABLE 1.12: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICESARIZONA

. .- - .

Behavioral Health Services, DNS- 1,092 17,711

Division of Children and FamilyServices, DES (point-in-time data) 349

Admin. Office of the Courts 671 14,982Dept. of Youth Treatment andRehabilitation (non-secure) 363 354***Department of Education 381 0

- No data available: The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to dupli-cation of counts within and across agencies.

" Preliminary 1992/93 data: "" DYTR's numbers do not include counselingservices, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adolescents insecure care.

TABLE 1.14: CHILD ABUSE REPORTS, BY TYPE OF ABUSEARIZONA

°. ChangeType of Abuse 1985 1990 85 '90

Physical 2,520 4,144 65%Sexual 2,862 5,631 97%Neglect 4,447

_.. .7,402 66%

Emotional 536 1,646 207%Minor Abuse/Neglect 3,278 6,501 98%Potential Abuse/Neglect 7,336 10,294 40%Dependent Child 2,348 2,310 -2%Other - -State Total 23,317 37,928 63%

ARIZONA OVERVIEW

TABLE 1.13: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*ARIZONA

9/92 9/93 °. Change

AFDC Cases 128,387 150,430 17%

Non-AFDC Cases 108,728 115,156 6%

Total " 237,115 265,586 12%

Represents total active DES cases (i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishment of a child support obligation, orthe enforcement of such obligation). These are cases known to DESand do not include case. where DES intervention was not sought.

* An additional 26,608 active cases in 9/92 and 28,699 in 9/93 wereunidentifiable as AFDC or non-AFDC cases due to lack ofinformation.

0. Change1993 90 '93

4,532 9%

7,120 26%

8,578 16%

1,206 -27%

10,356 59%

13,724 33%

2,658 15%

109

48,283 27%

Between 1990 and 1993. overall numbers of child abuse reports grew in all categories except cases where emo-tional abuse was the major type of suspected abuse. For 1985 and 1990 data, child abuse reports now listed as"other" were placed within one of the first seven categories.

27

CHAPTER 2:APACHE COUNTY

Located in the northeastern part

of the state, Apache County's

population in 1993 was estimated

to be 65,000 (up 6% from 61,591

in 1990). St. Johns is the county

seat and the unincorporated com-

munity of Chin le is the largest

population center. Some 65% of

the county consists of reservation

land.

Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Facthook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur only

I after reviewing relevant sources/notes sections

13

Apache County's child population increased 5% from 1990 to 1993 (nearly 2%per year) after a growth of 1% per year from 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children repre-sented 41.4% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for this growing number of children continue to be of concern,although some improvements since 1990 have occurred. Of 23 indicators for which trenddata were available, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) werevisible for 15. (All indicator data are presented in Table 2.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 2.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)APACHE COUNTY

: :I I

111

I

White 3,785 16% 4,015 16% 6% 4,072 15% 1%

Hispanic 957. 4% 1,126 4% 18% 1,212 5% 8%

Native American 18,383 79% 20,443 80% 11% 21,566 80% 6%

African American 105 <1% 29 <1% 72% 25 <1% 14%_ _ _- . - - -- _ _

Other 72 .<1% 51 <1% 29% 50 <1% 2%

Total 23,302 100% 25,664 101W 10% 26,925 101W 5%

* Does not equal 100% due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Apache County. Some 43.9% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1980, increasing to 51.4% in 1990, andincreasing further to an estimated52.9% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 58.0% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Apache Countyalso existed: in 1993, 22.4% lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 17.9% in 1990); 46.2% lived infamilies receiving food stamps (up from38.0% in 1990); and 73.8% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 66.8% in 1990).Some 46.3% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 42.3% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 95homeless children identified at thattime.

28

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from47.4% in 1990 to 45.1% in 1992. Thepercent of newborns receiving intensivecare services remained steady at 2.9%in both 1990 and 1993. while the infantmortality rate increased from 8.3 per1,000 live births in 1990 to 11.7 in1992. The percent of low birth-weightbirths also increased from 6.5% of allbirths in 1990 to 7.0% in 1992. Datafurther revealed that only an estimated29.0% of the county's two-year-oldswere fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC were provided to 6,447pregnant women, infants, and childrenfrom low-income families in ApacheCounty, representing only 51% of thosedeemed eligible for such services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in 1992. Firearm-related deaths among Childrenincreased from none in 1990 to two in1992, while the number of homicide vie-

Mornson institute for Public Policy

tims remained steady at three inci-dents each in 1990 and 1992. The rateof reported cases of sexually transmit-ted diseases among those under age 20decreased slightly from 5.3% in 1990 to5.2% in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 2.11 shows that at leastfour residential placements occurredand 143 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from Apache County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged child-abuse climbed, from 214 in 1990 to 268in 1993. Within these reports, 429alleged child abuse victims were identi-fied in 1993. Active child support caseshandled by DES increased by 23%, to8,838 cases in 1993 (see Table 2.10).

Table 2.12 shows 17 children resided inout-of-home care under the jurisdictionof the DES Division of Children andFamily Services in January 1993.Children reviewed for placement withinthe state's foster care system increasedfrom three in 1990 to 17 in 1993.Finally, using point-in-time data, twochildren were placed in out-of-homecare by the DES DevelopmentalDisabilities Division in 1993, increas-ing from one in 1991.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 5,153 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were431 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 8% of need (see Table 2.9).

Table 2.8 shows that during Fall 1993,comprehensive preschool programs tar-geting indigent children served 1,455students in Apache County (Head Startprograms had funded enrollment slotsfor 1,418, while an additional 37 wereserved in the state-funded At-RiskPilot These children represented Sir;of the estimated 1,800 three- and four-year-olds who lived in poverty inApache County and would have been

JAI 02.14In 13,41,u

eligible for such services. Preschool spe-cial education services were provided toan additional 87 children.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLApache County's public schools educat-ed 14,132 students during the 1992J93academic year (up 5% from 1989/90). Ofthese students, 38.2% were identifiedas being limited English proficient (upfrom 33.3% in 1990).

On a positive note, the reported num-ber of dropouts among high school chil-dren decreased from 759 (15.2%) in1992 to 635 (13.8%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 15.7% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993,down from 18.0% in 1992 (see Table2.7). The four-year graduation rate alsoincreased significantly from 68% in1992 to 77% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Apache County students

TABLE 2.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES APACHE COUNTY COMPARE?

APACHE COUNTY

performed below the state average on 8of 9 assessments in March 1993 (seeTable 2.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that over 64% of the studentsscored below the 40th percentile on alltest components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in ApacheCounty decreased from 4.3% of all suchteens in 1990 to 3.8% in 1992. No teensuicides were reported in 1992, downfrom one in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 415 referrals tocounty juvenile courts, representing300 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)increased slightly from 2.0% of all chil-dren aged 8-17 in 1990 to 2.7% in 1992.while juvenile arrests for violent crimesalso increased slightly (note: these datainclude multiple arrests for some chil-dren causing rates to be inflated). Inthe same light, numbers of juvenilescommitted to DYTR secure correctionalfacilities also increased slightly.

-

-'

. -



Per Capita Personal Income (1991) $16,594 $8,760^ ^


56.4% 66.5%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8* 1.6*

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8* 25.7*

" Per 1,000 population.

2914

TA

BLE

2.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

EIN

G IN

DIC

AT

OR

S &

TR

EN

DS

AP

AC

HE

CO

UN

TY

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

9 8

5 )

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

993

)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0P

erce

nt R

ate

Cha

nge

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

II

II

II

I

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty2,

816

4,25

04,

525

41.6

55.3

58.0

14.9

%

(0-4

yrs

.: es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty10

,132

13,3

0014

,250

43.9

51.4

52.9

12.9

%

(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

3,43

04,

786

6,26

713

.517

.922

.4X

25.1

%(0

-18

yrs.

)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

9,97

610

,165

12,9

6039

.138

.046

.21.

1 21

.6%

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

9,07

49,

509

10,7

7367

.266

.873

.81

10.5

%

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2,8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

10,0

1612

,101

13,6

6836

.742

.346

.3I 9

.5%

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

950.

35

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

795

853

730

42.9

%47

.445

.14.

9%

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs13

7.

117

113

7.4

6.5

7.0

7.7%

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

5347

2.9

2.9

0%

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e22

1519

11.9

'8.

3'11

.7'

1.11

. 41%

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

6,44

756

.5

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, 'W

ants

and

child

ren)

CD

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

29.0

-13

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

.4 y

rs )

10

0<

0.1"

00

0%

Er 6

(199

2)(1

992)

0

I

tD

as

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

9 8

5 )

Upd

ate

Yea

r19

90(1

9 9

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Rat

e/1

00R

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

1 9

90*

1 3 117

(198

8)

0 3 149

.

2

(199

2)

3

(199

2)

151

(199

2)

3.8*

*

11.8

-

4.3

(198

8)

0

11.1

"

5.3

6.9-

(199

2)

10.8

**

(199

2)

5.2

(199

2)

.

.D

ecre

ase

lliI 2.

7 %

1

1.9%

I

Incr

ease

II T

I

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

::oa

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

'

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

llyT

rans

mitt

ed D

isea

ses

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

'

100%

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

104

214

268

0.4

0.8

1.0

25.0

%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

--

429

--

1.6

.

#

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p11

,889

13,4

4714

,132

--

-)-

#

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d3,

394

4,95

55,

862

24.6

33.3

38.2

14.7

%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

-0

--

,0

#

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

759

635

-15

.213

.89.

2% 1

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

716

723

795

70.0

68.0

77.0

1 13

.2%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

170

162

151

4.6

4.3

3.8

11.6

% 1

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

01

00

17.0

-0

100%

(199

2)(1

992)

.

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

261

293

387

2.0

2.0

2.7

35.0

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

175

130.

130.

040.

09

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)>

100%

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

12

-0.

020.

0350

%

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

'T

he "

base

" ye

ar is

198

5 an

d th

e "u

pdat

e" y

ear

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

s un

less

oth

erw

ise

note

d in

col

umn.

Ibita

not

ava

ilabl

e, #

No

tren

d ca

n Ix

sho

wn;

Per

1,0

00 li

ve b

irths

, **

Per

100

,000

.

Liut

ion

shou

ld h

e us

ed in

inA

pirit

ing

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

lre

al n

umbe

rs r

esul

t in

larg

e ra

te p

erce

nt c

hang

es; i

ncre

ases

/dec

reas

es to

or

from

a r

ate

of 0

are

liste

d as

100

%.

33

APACHE COUNTY

Although improvements

since 1990 occurred, 45%

of those giving birth in

Apache County during

1992 received late or no

prenatal care.

TABLE 2.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY`APACHE COUNTY

Indicator White HispanicNative

AmericanAfrican

American Other TOTAL

Total County 4,072 15% 1,212 5% 21,556 80 % 25 <1% 50 <1% 26,915


Children in 230 4% 123 2% 5,908 94 % 2 <1% 4 <1% 6,267


AHCCCS 776 6% 326 2% 12,498 91 % 8 <1% 60 <1% 13,668


Firearm-related 0 0% 0 0% 2 100 % 0 0% 0 0% 2

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 248 64% 105 27% 32 8% 2 1% 0 0% 387

(8-17 yrs.;,1992)

* Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By comparing the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table), one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 2.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*APACHE COUNTY

: .

:.

- .

White Births 1990 28% 9% NA 70,0

1992 25% 7% 2% 10%


1992 22% 14% 5% 14%

Native American 1990 50% 6% NA 9%

Births 1992 48% 7% 3% 9%

African American 1990 NA

Births*** 1992

Other"' 1990 NA

1992 33% 67% 33%

County Total 1990 47% 7% 3% 9%

1992 45% 7% 3% 9%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each raciaUethnic category for which a given indicator occurred (e.g..of all births to white women. what percent were low birth weight).


No births of that nature.

Fiscal years 1989/90 and 1992/93.

Less than five total births in 1992. 4

17 Mornson Institute for PuDitC Policy

APACHE COUNTY

TABLE 2.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSAPACHE COUNTY

Arizona Student Assessment Program (March

Assessment Component(Total Points Possible)

1993 Results)

StateMean

CountyMean

GRADE 3 Reading (20 pts.) 8.3 9.1- Apache County students

Math (20 pts.) 10.4 11.7 performed below the state

Writing (8 pts.) 4.2 4.8 average on 8 of 9 ASAPGRADE 8 Reading (20 pts.) 10.6 10.9 assessments in 1993.

Math (16 pts.) 3.6

Writing (8 pts.) 4.8 5.1

GRADE 12 Reading (20 pts.) 9.6* 9.2

Math (20 pts.) 4.4 5.6


Above state mean

Norm - referenced Testing (Spring 1990 and Fall 1992)*

County County State State1990 1992 1990 1992

LANGUAGE 60% 68% 36% 39%

MATH 66% 64% 42% 42%

READING 64% 64% 38% 41%


TABLE 2.7: DROPOUTS AS PERCENT OF RACIALJETHNIC POPULATIONAPACHE COUNTY

1991/92 1992/93

White .4.5% 7.1%

. Hispanic 12.0% 11.8%

Native American 18.0% 15.7%

African American 0% 13.0%

Other 0% 5.0%**

Depicts the percentage of dropouta within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9.12, what percent dropped out that year).

". Involves less than five individuals.

35

)- Although the overall dropout

rate improved, 15.7% of all

Native American public high

school students in Apache

County dropped out during

1993.

111

APACHE COUNTY

19


81% of Apache County's

indigent three- and four-year-

olds were served in compre-

hensive preschool programs.

TABLE 2.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESAPACHE COUNTY

L001990/91 1993/94 Change

HEAD START

Arizona Head Start Grantees

Indian Head Start

Migrant Head Start

Head Start Subtotal

109

1,309

0

1,418

ADE ADMINISTERED PRESCHOOL SERVICES

Special Education

Migrant Child Education

Chapter 1

Even Start

At-Risk Pilot Project

ADE Subtotal

Total FederaUState-supported Preschool Services

32 87

0 0

0 0

0 0

30 37

62 124

1,542

172°h

0%

0%

0%

23%

100%

Numbers not available at county level.

)). During 1993, it is estimated that 1,799 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Apache County, of which1.455 children (81%) were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start. At-Risk Pilot Project).


care spaces increased by

TABLE 2.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESAPACHE COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 72 164 128%28% since 1990, total spaces


(9/91)

Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 96 82 -15%8% of the need in Apache

County. Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 170 185 9%

Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 0 0 0%

Total 338 431 28%

IP In 1993. there were an estimated 5,153 children in Apache county under age six living in two parent or single-parent working households, while there were 431 state-approved child care spaces in the county (K)

>0 Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 139 children per month in Fall 1993.representing 52% of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.


TABLE 2.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*APACHE COUNTY

Represents total active DES cases

AFDC Cases

9/92-1(

4.809

9/93

6,269

Change (i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).30%These are cases known to DES and

Non-AFDC Cases 2,377 2,569 8% do not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

Total 7,186 8,838 23%

TABLE 2.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*APACHE COUNTY

.

-

Behavioral Health Services, DNS** 4 143

Admin. Office of the Courts 14 206

Dept. of Youth Treatment and 0

Rehabilitation (non-secure)

The numbers in this dart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies. Datafrom DES and ADE (as reported for the state) could not be broken down to the county level.

Preliminary 199293 data.

DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services pfovided to adoles-cents in secure care.

TABLE 2.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*APACHE COUNTY

I # I

Division of Children and Family Services, DES 17(1/93)

Foster Care Review Board, Admin. 3

Office of the Courts (new placements)

Developmental Disabilities division, DES 1

17 467%

2 50%

(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-homeplacement in addition to the numbers listed above.

Foster care placements for abuse, neglect, or abandonment.

37

APACHE COUNTY

In summarizing trend data, 23

of Apache County's indicators

revealed increased rates

(depicting worsening condi-

tions in most cases) for 15,

decreased rates (depicting

improvements) for six, and no

changes for two.

20

CHAPTER 3:COCHISE COUNTY

Located in the southeastern part

of the state, Cochise County's


to be 102,500 (up 5% from

97,624 in 1990). Bisbee is the

county seat and Sierra Vista is

the largest city. Cochise County is

one of only three counties in the

state with no reservation land

within its borders.

Note: Important qualifications exist for many. indicators presented in this Factbook. Data

interpretation and conclusions should occur onlyafter reviewing relevant sourcesf notes sections

21

ochise County's child population increased 2% from 1990 to 1993 (less than1% per year) after a growth total of only 2% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, childrenrepresented 27.5% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for these children continue to be of concern, although someimprovements have'occurred since 1990. Of 23 indicators for which trend data wereavailable, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) were visiblefor 14. (All indicator data are presented in Table 3.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 3.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)COCHISE COUNTY


Growth'80 - '90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 '93

White 15,985 59% 14,697 53% 8% 14,542 52% 1%

Hispanic 9,313 34% 10,422 38% 12% 11,000 39% 6%

Native American 126 <1% 164 1% 30% 180 <1% 10%- _

African American 1,002 4% 1,588 6% 58% 1,800 6% 13%

Other 697 3% 696 3% <1% 700 3% <1%_ .

Total 27,123 101 %' 27,567 101% 2% 28,222 101 %' 2%


CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Cochise County. Some 18.9% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1980, increasing to 28.2% in 1990, andincreasing further to an estimated29.8% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 36.4% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Cochise Countyalso existed: in 1993, 12.7, lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 9.1% in 1990); 27.1% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from18.7% in 1990); and 45.7% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free andreduced-costlunch program (up from 34.9% in 1990).Some 30.4% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in Ai-ICCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 24.6% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 309homeless children identified at thattime.

38

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from31.4% in 1990 to 27.0% in 1992, whilethe infant mortality rate also decreasedfrom 7.5 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to5.7 in 1992. On the other hand, the per-cent of low birth-weight birthsincreased from 6.4% of all births in1990 to 6.9% in 1992, as did the percentof newborns receiving intensive careservices, going from 3.6% in 1990 to4.7% in 1993. Data further revealedthat less than half (49.4% ) of the coun-ty's two-year-olds were fully immu-nized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC were provided to 3,229pregnant women, infants, and childrenfrom low-income families in CochiseCounty, representing 57% of thosedeemed eligible for such services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in 1992 (down fromone in 1990). Firearm-related deathsamong children increased from two in


1990 to four in 1992; the number ofhomicide victims also increased, fromone in 1990 to three in 1992. Reportedcases of sexually transmitted diseasesamong those under age 20 decreasedsignificantly from 82 cases in 1990 to30 in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 3.11 shows that at least 21residential placements occurred and495 nonresidential services were pro-vided in 1993 (DHS numbers). Childrenfrom Cochise County also receivedthese types of services through otheragencies, but totals cannot be deter-mined due to duplication within andacross agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse decreased slightly from 1,674 in1990 to 1.607 in 1993. Within thesereports, 2,618 alleged child abuse vic-tims were identified in 1993. Activechild support cases handled by DESincreased by 14%, to 6,669 cases in1993 (see Table 3.10).

Table 3.12 shows 147 children residedin out-of-home care under the jurisdic-tion of the DES Division of Childrenand Family Services during January1993. Children reviewed for placementwithin the state's foster care systemincreased from 33 in 1990 to 64 in1993. Finally, using point-in-time data.five children were placed in out-of-home care by the DES DevelopmentalDisabilities Division in 1993, decreas-ing from six in 1991.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 5,195 childrentinder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were2,076 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 40% of need (see Table3.9).

During Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 340 students (HeadStart programs had funded enrollment

fnr 140 while an additional 200were served in the state-funded At-RiskPilot). These children represented 29%of the estimated 1,182 three- and four-

. 15..1.11. ONLY./

year-olds who lived in poverty inCochise County and would have beeneligible for such services. Preschool spe-cial education services were provided toan additional 103 children, whileMigrant Child Education and Chapter1 provided services to 95 others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLCochise County's public schools educat-ed 19,503 students during the 1992/93academic year (up 5% from 1989/90). Ofthese students, 16.0% were identifiedas being limited English proficient (upfrom 14.1% in 1990). Migrant serviceswere provided to 292 students, repre-senting only 54% of 545 eligible forsuch service.

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 554 (8.9%) in 1992to 700 (11.0%) in 1993. Ethnic/racialbreakdowns reveal Hispanic youth hadthe highest dropout rate in that 10.3%of all Hispanic public high school stu-dents in the county dropped out during1993 (see Table 3.7). On the otherhand, the four-year graduation rateincreased from 63% in 1992 to 67% in1993.

COCHISE COUNTY

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Cochise County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon 4 of 9 assessments in March 1993(see Table 3.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that close to half of the stu-dents scored below the 40th percentileon test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in CochiseCounty decreased from 4.0% of all suchteens in 1990 to 3.8% in 1992. No teensuicides were reported in 1992, downfrom one in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 2,787 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing1,508 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests decreased slightly from12.9% of all children aged 8-17 in 1990to 12.3% in 1992, as did the number ofjuvenile arrests for violent crimes (from47 cases in 1990 to 29 in 1992; note:these data include multiple arrests forsome children causing rates to beinflated). On the other hand, juvenilescommitted to DYTR secure correctionalfacilities increased from 17 youth in1990 to 30 in 1993.

TABLE 3.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES COCHISE COUNTY COMPARE?

- - . .

Head of Household with Highest 9.0% 12.5%

Education less than 9th Grade (1990)


Per Capita Personal Income (1991) $16,594 $13,447-^ --


56.4% 74.2%

Poverty (1990)- - -- ---

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8* 8.1*

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8* 17.2*

* Per 1.000 population.

3922

4r

TA

BLE

3.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

EIN

G IN

DIC

AT

OR

S &

TR

EN

DS

CO

CH

ISE

CO

UN

TY

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985'

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3)B

ase

Oar

Rat

e/10

019

90°

Rat

e/10

0-

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

ic.

Per

ces!

Rat

eS

1Irc

e 19

90Cha

nge

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty1,

593

2,62

52,

875

22.3

34.2

36.4

I 6.4

%

(0-4

yrs

.: es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty5,

077

7,82

58,

400

18.9

28.2

29.8

15.7

%

(0-1

7 yr

s.: e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

1,72

22,

636

3,76

86.

19.

112

.739

.6%

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

4,43

45,

438

8,08

015

.718

.727

.144

.9%

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

6,04

76,

587

8,97

932

.6'3

4.9

45.7

MN

30.

9%

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

5,77

97,

616

9,58

519

.024

.630

.411

11. 2

3.6%

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

1(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

309

1.1

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

587

545

471

37.7

31.4

27.0

14.0

% 1

1

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs10

411

212

16.

76.

46.

97.

8%

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

6382

3.6

4.7

111.

11 3

0.6%

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e15

1310

9.6

7.5

5.7

I24

.0%

111

11

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

3,22

927

.7

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

old

s

49.4

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs )

01

00

13.0

-0

100%

(199

2)(1

992)

.

incl

icat

orB

ase

Yea

r(1

9 8

5 )

Upd

ate

Yea

r -

Bas

e .Y

ear

1990

.U

pdat

e Y

ear

1990

(1 9

9 3

)B

ate

/100

Rat

e/10

0R

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

seir

ir96

.9%

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

llyT

rans

mitt

ed D

isea

ses

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

1 0 28(1

988)

2 1 82

4(1

992)

3(1

992)

30(1

992)

3.4*

*

0 0.9

(198

8)

6.5-

3.4-

2.7

12.8

-(1

992)

10.1

**(1

992)

1.0

(199

2)

11

II

63.0

%

>10

0%

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

1,19

71,

674

1,60

74.

46.

15.

76.

6% I

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

-2,

618

--

9.3

#

(0.1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

.SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p17

,494

18,6

2519

,503

--

#

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d1,

159

2,99

23,

593

5.9

14.1

16.0

1 1

3. 5

%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

292

-1.

5U

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

554

700

-8.

911

.023

.6%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

esiR

ate

1,08

81,

044

1,17

478

.063

.067

.016

.3%

(with

in 4

yrs

)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

120

174

169

2.7

4.0

3.8

5.0%

I(1

992)

(199

2)

Ter

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

01

00

12.9

-0

100%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

1,24

11.

993

1,92

18.

312

.912

.34.

7% I

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

2647

290.

170.

300.

1840

.0%

Crim

es (

8.17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

1730

-0.

220.

3872

.7°A

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

'bas

e" e

ar is

198

5 an

d th

e "u

pdat

e" y

ear

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

s un

less

oth

erw

ise

note

d in

col

umn.

11.1

.1 n

ot a

s /1

1111

b11%

# N

o tr

end

can

he s

how

n,P

er 1

,000

live

birt

hs,

Per

100

,000

.

C.o

itton

sho

uld

be u

sed

in in

terp

retin

g th

ese

perc

enta

ges

sinc

e ch

ange

, in

smal

l rea

l num

be, ;

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

cha

nges

;mcr

ease

s/de

crea

ses

to o

r fr

om a

rat

e of

0 a

re li

sted

as

100,

4

49

43

COCHISE COUNTY




Cochise County during


prenatal care.

TABLE 3.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITYCOCHISE COUNTY

IndicatorNative African

White Hispvc American American Other TOTAL

Total County 14,542 52% 11,000 39% 180 <1% 1,800 6% 700 3% 28,222Racial/EthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 1,307 35% 2,215 59% 36 1% 184 5% 27 1%'

3,769AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 3,606 38% 5,361 56% 58 <1% 386 4% 174 2% 9,585Enrollment(0 -19 .yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 3 75% 1 25% 0 0 0% 0 0% 4Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 1.043 54% 684 36% 10 1% 165 9% 19 1% 1,921(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

* Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By comparing the indicatorpercentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table), one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 3.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNICGROUPCOCHISE COUNTY

- .-.

White Births 1990 22% 7°.0 NA 8%1992 20% 70.0 4% 8%

Hispanic Births 1990 47% 5°.0 NA 141992 41% 6% 4% 13%

Native American 1990 50°0 13°0 NA 13°.Births 1992 17°0 17%

African American 1990 15% 9% NA 900Births 1992 8 °,o 8% 9% 4%

Other 1990 25% 9% NA 5%1992 22% 11% 13% 4%

County Total 1990 31% 6% 4% 10°h1992 27% 7% 5% 10%

' Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each raciaL ethnic category for which a given indicator occurredte.g., of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight.

NA Data not available

No births of that nature

Fiscal years 1989.90 and 199293

4 4

25Morrison Institute for Public Policy

COCHISE COUNTY

TABLE 3.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSCOCHISE COUNTY

Arizona Student Assessment Program (March 1993 Results)


CountyMean

StateMean

GRADE 3 Reading (20 pts.) 9.3' 9:1 > Cochise County students

Math (20 pts.) 11.4 11.7 performed at or below the

Writing (8 pts.) 4.8 4.8 state average on 4 of 9GRADE 8 Reading (20 pts.) 11.2' 10.9 ASAP assessments in 1993.

Math (16 pts.) 5.2' 4.8

Writing (8 pts.) 5.2' 5.1

GRADE 12 Reading (20 pts.) 9.2 9.2

Math (20 pts.) 5.6 5.6

Writing (8 pts.) 5.3'

Above state mean

Norm-referenced Testing (Spring

County

1990 and Fall 1992)r

StateCounty State1990 1992 1990 1992

LANGUAGE 41% 58% 36% 39%

MATH 47% 49% 42% 42%

READING 40% 43% 38% 41%

* Percent of all students taking test scoring below the 40th percentile.

TABLE 3.7: DROPOUTS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*COCHISE COUNTY

199i/92 1992/93

. White 10.5%

Hispanic 11.0%I, Native American 21.7%

African American 13.0%

Other 17.4%

8.2%

10.3%

6.7%II

7.9%

7.8%

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9-12, what percent dropped clt that year).

Involves less than five individuals.

45

> As part of an overall dropout

rate increase, 10.3% of all

Hispanic public high school

students in Cochise County

dropped out during 1993.

COCHISE COUNTY

.> During 1993, approximately

29% of Cochise County's




27

TABLE 3.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESCOCHISE COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 °. Change

HEAD START

Arizona Head Start Grantees 140

Indian Head Start 0

Migrant Head Start 0

Head Start Subtotal 140


IMO

Special Education 49 103 110%

Migrant Child Education 0 15

Chapter 1 21 80 281%

Even Start 0 0 0%

At-Risk Pilot Project 0 200

ADE Subtotal 70 398 469%

Total Federal/State-supported Preschool Services 538


During 1993. it is estimated that 1.182 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Cochise County. of which340 (29%lwere served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start. At-Risk Pilot Project).

TABLE 3.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESCOCHISE COUNTY

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes

1990

12

1993

12

% Change

0%



(9/91)

since 1990, total spacesSpaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 356 602 69%

covered only an estimated Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 1,512 1,402 -7%

40% of the need in Cochise Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 20 60 200%

County.Total 1,900 2,076 9%

In 1993, there were an estimated 5.195 children in Corium. County under age six living in two-parent or single.parent working households, while there were 2,076 state-approved child care spaces in the county (40% ).

b. Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 836 children per month in Fall 1993. rep-resenting 41'i of the day care spaces approved by DES and OHS in the county.


TABLE 3.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*COCHISE COUNTY

.AFDC Cases 2,354 3,490 48%

Non-AFDC Cases 3,476 3.179 -9%

Total 5,830 6,669 14%alMil

TABLE 3.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICESCOCHISE COUNTY

.

Behavioral Health Services, DHS" 21

Represents total active DES cases) i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).These are cases known to DES anddo not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

Admin. Office of the Courts 24



495

254

1"*

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies. Datafrom DES and ADE (as reported for the state) could not be broken down to the county level.

Preliminary 1992193 data

DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-

cents in secure care.

TABLE 3.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*COCHISE COUNTY

Division of Children and Family Services, DES 147

Foster Care Review Board, Admin, 33

Office of the Courts (new placements'

Developmental Disabilities Division, DES 6(12/23/91)

(1/93)

II

64 94%

5(12/31/93)

- 1 7%

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form ofout-of-home placement

in addition to the numbers listed above.


1...14.4. In. Ch.M.., Paley,

47

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

COCHISE COUNTY

)- In summarizing trend data, 23

of Cochise County's indicators




and decreased rates (depict-

ing improvements) for nine.

28

CHAPTER 4:COCONINO COUNTY

Located in northern Arizona,

Coconino County's geographic

size makes it the largest county in

the state. The county's population

in 1993 was estimated to be

103,600 (up 7% from 96,591 in

1990). Flagstaff, the largest city,

is also the county seat. Some

45% of the county consists of

reservation land.

Note. Important qualifications exist for man\indicators presented in this Facthook Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlalter reviewing relevant sourceivnotes sections

29

oconino County's child population increased 5% from 1990 to 1993 after agrowth of 21% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children represented 30.491 of thecounty's population.

Overall conditions for these children continue to be of concern, although someimprovements have occurred since 1990. Of 23 indicators for which trend data wereavailable, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) were visiblefor 13. (All indicator data are presented in Table 4.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 4.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)COCONINO COUNTY

Race/ °Ethnicity 1980 1990

Growth'80 -4 '90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 -4 '93

White 11,432 46% 13,594 46% 19% 14,200 45% 4%

Hispanic 2,785 11% 3,378 11% 21% 3.559 11% 5%

Native American 9,899 40% 12,337 41% 25% 13,100 42% 6%

African American 426 2% 372 1% 13% 350 1% 6%

Other 218 1% 228 1% 5% 235 <1% 3%

Total 24,760 100% 29,909 100% 21% 31,444 100% 5%

Does not equal 100'4 due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Coconino County. Some 22.9'1of the county's children lived in povertyin 1980, increasing to 26.9% in 1990,and increasing further to an estimated28.2% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 34.4% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Coconino Countyalso existed: in 1993, 9.1% lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 6.2% in 1990); 24.2% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from16.0% in 199W: and 33.9% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (down slightly from34.3% in 1990). Some 27.8% of children19 years or younger were enrolled inAHCCCS, the state's indigent healthcare program (up from 21.8% in 1991).Finally. 1990 census data revealedthere were 369 homeless children iden-tified at that time.

48

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from48.9 <4 in 1990 to 45.0% in 1992. whilethe infant mortality rate decreasedfrom 11.2 per 1.000 live births in 1990to 7.5 in 1992. On the other hand, thepercent of low birth-weight birthsincreased from 7.4% of all births in1990 to 7.8<4 in 1992, as did the percentof newborns receiving intensive careservices (from 5.15 in 1990 to 6.6% in1993). Data further revealed that lessthan half (42.2% ) of the county's two-year-olds were fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC and CSFP were providedto 3.426 pregnant women, infants, andchildren from low-income families inCoconino County, representing 75% ofthose deemed eligible for such services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in 1990 or 1992.Firearm-related deaths among childrendecreased from three in 199(1 to one in1992; the number of homicide victims


remained steady at one each in 1990and 1992. Reported cases of sexually-transmitted diseases among thoseunder age 20 decreased significantlyfrom 188 cases in 1990 to 119 in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 4.11 shows that at least 16residential placements occurred and323 nonresidential services were pro-vided in 1993 ( DHS numbers). Childrenfrom Coconino County also receivedthese types of services through otheragencies, but totals cannot be deter-mined due to duplication within andacross agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged child'abuse climbed, from 946 in 1990 to1.208 in 1993. Within these reports,1,889 alleged child abuse victims wereidentified in 1993. Active child supportcases handled by DES increased by 4%,to 5,691 cases in 1993 (see Table 4.10).

Table 4.12 shows 42 children resided inout-of-home care under the jurisdictionof the DES Division of Children andFamily Services during January 1993.Children reviewed for placement withinthe state's foster care system decreasedfrom 29 in 1990 to 28 in 1993. Finally,using point-in-time data, two childrenwere placed in out-of-home care by theDES Developmental DisabilitiesDivision in 1993. decreasing from threein 1991.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 5,884 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were2,647 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 45% of need (see Table4.9).

During Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 933 students (HeadStart programs had funded enrollmentslots for 889 while an additional 44were served in the state-funded At-RiskPilot). These children represented 81%of the estimated 1,151 three- and four-year-olds who lived in poverty inCoconino County and would have beeneligible for such services. Preschool spe-

Momson Institute for Pubk Poky

cial education services were provided toan additional 154 children, whileChapter 1 provided services to 15 oth-e CS.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLCoconino County's public schools edu-cated 18,841 students during the1992/93 academic year (up 6% from1989/90). Of these students, 15.7%were identified as being limited Englishproficient (up from 12.9% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 577 (9.1%) in 1992to 606 (9.8%) in 1993. Ethnic/racialbreakdowns reveal African Americanyouth had the highest dropout rate inthat 16.0% of all African American pub-lic high school students in the countydropped out during 1993 (see Table4.7). The four-year graduation rateremained steady at 75.0% in both 1992and 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Coconino County studentsperformed below the state average on 6

COCONINO COUNTY

of 9 assessments in March 1993 (seeTable 4.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that close to half of the stu-dents scored below the 40th percentileon test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in CoconinoCounty increased from 3.5% of all suchteens in 1990 to 3.9% in 1992. Two teensuicides were reported in 1992, downfrom three in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 3,191 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing1,812 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)decreased slightly from 12.5% of allchildren aged 8-17 in 1990 to 12.1% in1992, while the numbers of juvenilearrests for violent crimes increasedfrom 44 cases in 1990 to 49 in 1992(note: these data include multiplearrests for some children causing therate to be inflated). Numbers of juve-niles committed to DYTR secure correc-tionpl facilities also increased slightlyfrom nine youth in 1990 to 13 in 1993.

TABLE 4.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES COCONINO COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

CoconinoCounty Average




Per Capita Personal Income (1991) $16,594 $13,607_


56.4% 59.8%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 3.4'

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8' 18.5'

Per 1,000 population.

49

30

z 5 a '0 fi

5 0

TA

BLE

4.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

EIN

G IN

DIC

AT

OR

S &

TR

EN

DS

CO

CO

NIN

O C

OU

NT

Y

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985'

)19

90

. Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

993

)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0

1

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty1.

598

2,85

03,

050

22.3

32.3

34.4

(0-4

yrs

.: es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty5,

514

8,07

58,

875

22.9

26.9

28.2

(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

1,67

51,

999

2,98

75.

76.

29.

1

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

4,80

45,

126

7,98

216

.316

.024

.2

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

5,68

36,

241

6,48

233

.434

.333

.9

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

5,76

27,

685

9,81

716

.821

.827

.8

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

1(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

369

1.1

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

896

960

844

46.0

48.9

45.0

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs13

214

514

76.

87.

47.

8

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

8812

35.

16.

6

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e21

2214

10.8

11.2

7.5

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

-3,

426

--

26.2

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

--

-42

.2

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs1

00

12.2

"0

0

(199

2)(1

992)

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

1.2%

6.5%

4.8%

46.8

%

51.3

%

27.5

%

8.0%

33.0

%

5.4% 0%

29.4

%

51

fS

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)U

pdat

e Y

ear

1990

(199

3')

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0*

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

13

13.

1-8.

5-2.

9**

II

II

II

II

(199

2)(1

992)

65.9

%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)0

11

03.

1-3.

1**

0%

(199

2)(1

992)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly13

618

811

94.

05.

33.

435

.8%

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

.19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

895

946

1,20

83.

33.

23.

9°

21.9

%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

--

1,88

96.

0

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p15

,918

17,8

3618

,841

-S

tude

nts

Iden

tifie

d as

Lim

ited

1,92

82,

550

3,25

211

.012

.915

.721

7%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

-0

-0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s(g

rade

s 9.

12)

-57

7(1

992)

606

,9.

1

(199

2)

9.8

7.7%

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

1,09

51.

085

1,15

073

.075

.075

.00%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

166

170

188

3.5

3.5

3.9

11.4

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

03

20

31.2

-24

.1-

22.8

%(1

992)

(199

2)

Ju s

enile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs )

1,67

32,

001

2,02

411

.512

.512

.13.

2%(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

2144

490.

140.

270.

297.

4%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

913

-0.

120.

1525

.0%

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

1 be

"ba

se"

year

is 1

985

and

the

"upd

ate"

yea

r is

199

:1 fo

r al

l ind

icat

ois

unle

ss o

ther

wis

eno

ted

in c

olum

n.

ita n

ot a

vaila

ble.

N N

o tr

end

can

be s

how

n;P

er 1

.000

live

birt

hs,

Per

100

00.

t am

mo

shou

ld b

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

lre

al n

umbe

rs r

esul

t in

larg

e ra

te p

erce

nt c

hang

es, n

oas

es/d

ecre

ases

to o

r fr

om a

rat

e of

0 a

re li

sted

as

UN

A.5

3

52

COCONINO COUNTY




Coconino County during

1992 received late or

no prenatal care.

33

TABLE 4.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY0COCONINO COUNTY


AmericanAfrican


Total County 14,200 45% 3,559 11% 13,100 42% 350 1% 235 <1% 31,444Racial/EthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 547 18% 262 9% 2,076 70% 98 3% 4 <1% 2,987AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 2,278 23% 939 10% 6,312 64% 212 2% 76 <1% 9,817Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 1.365 67% 171 8% 398 20% 77 4% 13 1% 2.024

(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By comparing the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table), one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 4.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPCOCONINO COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity

Late/No Low Birth Neonatal Births toPrenatal Weight Intensive Teens

Year Care Births Care Infants** (13-18 yrs.)

White Births 1990

1992

Hispanic Births 1990

1992

African AmericanBirths

Other

County Total 1990

1992

34%33%

57% 11% NA 1190

53°,0

Native American 1990 61% 6°0 NA 11%

Births 1992 54% 6% 3% 12%

1990 60°0 10°0 NA 23°,.

1992 52°,0 8% 4% 16%

1990 43% 14% NA

1992 27% 55% 45%

49%45%

800

9%

11%

7%8%

NA90,0

10%

4%

6%

5%6%

18%

9%10%

('hart depicts the percentage of all births within each raciabethnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g.. of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight ).



" Fiscal years 1989/90 and 1992'93

t) 4

Mornay It:Istituto for Public Policy

TABLE 4.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSCOCONINO COUNTY

.

Asseisment Component(Total Points Possible)

CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 12.0* 11.7



Math (16 pls.) 4.6 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 6 2' 5.6


Above state mean

.

County1990

County1992

State1990

State1992

LANGUAGE 40% 54% 36% 39%

MATH 43% 42% 42% 42%

READING 38% 42% 38% 41%

Percent of all students taking test scoring below the40th percentile.

TABLE 4.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*COCONINO COUNTY

COCONINO COUNTY

Coconino County students

performed below the state

average on 6 of 9 ASAP

assessments in.1993.

1991/92 1992/93

As part of an overall dropoutWhite 6.5% 6.9%

.. ^7- -- rate increase, 16.0% of allHispanic 11.7% 13.5%

African American public highNative American 11.4% 12.5%

school students in CoconinoAfrican American 9.3% 16.0%

_ County dropped out duringOther 3.5%" 1.4%*

1993.Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given raciallethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9-12. what percent dropped out that year).

'' Involves less than five individuals.

55

34

COCONINO COUNTY


81% of Coconino County's




TABLE 4.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAUSTATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESCOCONINO COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 % Change

HEAD START


Indian Head Start 605





Migrant Child Education 0 0 0%

Chapter 1 0 15

Even Start 0 0 0%



Total Federal/State-supported Preschool Services 1,102

Numbers not available at county level,

70- During 1993. it is estimated that 1.151 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Coconino County, of which933 (81% ) were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start, At-risk Pilot Project).

.> Although state-approved child




45% of the need in Coconino

County.

TABLE 4.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESCOCONINO COUNTY

1990 1993 °/0 Change


Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes

Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers

Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes

Total

152

(9/91)

304

1,287

0

1,743

432

239

1.926

50

2,647

184%

-21%

50%

52%

In 1993, there were an estimated 5,884 children in Coconino County under age six living in two-parent or sin-gle-parent working households, while there were 2,647 state-approved child care spaces in the county (45% ).

71. Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 752 children per month in Fall 1993, repre-senting 34C of the day care spaces approved by DES and VHS in the county.

5635 Mornson Institute for Public Policy

TABLE 4.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*COCONINO COUNTY

Represents total active DES cases

AFDC Cases

9/92 ,

3,108

9/93

3,694

% Change i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).19%

These are cases known to DES andNon-AFDC Cases 2.347 1.997 -15% do not include cases where DES

intervention was not sought.

Total 5,455 5,691 4%

TABLE 4.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICESCOCONINO COUNTY

.

Behavioral Health Services, DHS"

Admin. Office of the Courts

Dept. of Youth Treatment andRehabilitation (non-secure)

16

3

2

323

424

0 * *..

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies. Datafrom DES and ADE (u reported for the state) could not be broken down to the county level.

** Preliminary 1992/93 data.

*" DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-cents in secure care.

TABLE 4.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*COCONINO COUNTY

°. ChangePlacing and/or Funding Agency 1990 1993 '90 to '93


Foster Care Review Board, Admin. 29 28 -3%


Developmental Disabilities Division. DES** 3 2 -33%(12/23/91) (12J31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table abovei are also a form of out-of-home placementin addition to the numbers listed above.

'' Foster care placements for abuse, neglect, or abandonment.

COCONINO COUNTY

> In summarizing trend data, 23

of Coconino County's indica-

tors revealed increased rates


tions in most cases) for 13, .


improvements) for seven, and

no changes for three.

57 BEST COPY AVAILABLE36

-11111.11111CHAPTER 5:GILA COUNTY

Located in the south central part

of the state, Gila County's popula-

tion in 1993 was estimated to be

41,900 (up 4% from 40,216 in

1990). Globe is the county seat

and the town of Payson is the

largest community. Some 37% of

the county consists of reservation

land.

Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Factbook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlafter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections

37

ila County's child population increased 2% from 1990 to 1993 after a growthof 9% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children represented 26.1% of the county's pop-ulation.

Overall condition:, for children in this county continue to be of concern, although someimprovements since 1990 have occurred. Of 23 indicators for which trend data wereavailable, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) were visiblefor 12. (All indicator data are presented in Table 5.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 5.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)GILA COUNTY


Growth'80 '90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 -4 '93

White 6,355 54% 5,889 55% 7% 6.010 55% 2%

Hispanic 3,107 26% 2,691 25°k 13% 2,717 25% <1%

Native American 2.228 19% 2,058 19% 8% 2,105 19% 2%

African American 32 <1% 51 <1°A, 59% 55 <1% 8%

Other 49 <1% 38 <1% 22% 40 <1% 5%

Total 11,771 100% 10,727 100% 9% 10,927 100% 2%

Does not equal 100q due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Gila County. Some 19.7'% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1980. increasing to 25.7% in 1990, andincreasing further to an estimated27.2% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 36.7% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Gila County alsoexisted: in 1993, 15.8% lived in fami-lies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 12.0% in 1990); 38.2% lived infamilies receiving food stamps (up from28.3% in 1990): and 54.8% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 41.3% in 1990).Some 41.9% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 34.05% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 152homeless children identified at thattime.

58

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from36.6% in 1990 to 35.0% in 1992. Thepercent of low birth-weight births alsodecreased from 6.45% of all births in1990 to 6.3% in 1992, as did the percentof newborns receiving intensive'careservices (from 4.7% in 1990 to 4.2% in1993). On the other hand, the infantmortality rate increased significantlyfrom 4.0 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to10.0 in 1992. Data further revealedthat only slightly more than half(54.4% ) of the county's two-year-oldswere fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC were provided to 1,880pregnant women, infants, and childrenfrom low-income families, representing58% of those deemed eligible for suchservices.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in 1990 or 1992.Firearm-related deaths among childrenincreased from one in 1990 to three in

Morrison tnstituto for Public Policy

1992: the number of homicide victimsremained steady at one each in 1990and 1992. Reported cases of sexuallytransmitted diseases among thoseunder age 20 aecreased from 38 casesin 1990 to 31 in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 5.11 shows that at leastnine residential placements occurredand 332 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from Gila County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse continued to climb, from 500 in1990 to 721 in 1993. Within thesereports, 1,206 alleged child abuse vic-tims were identified in 1993. Activechild support cases handled by DESincreased by 14%, to 4,035 cases in1993 (see Table 5.10).

Table 5.12 shows 51 children resided inout-of-home care under the jurisdictionof the DES Division of Children andFamily Services during January 1993.Children reviewed for placement withinthe state's foster care system decreasedfrom 14 in 1990 to nine in 1993.Finally, using point-in-time data, fivechildren were placed in out-of-homecare by the DES DevelopmentalDisabilities Division in 1993, up fromfour in 1991.


During Fall 1993, Head Start preschoolprograms targeting indigent childrenhad 212 funded enrollment slots (nosimilar state-supported preschool pro-grams were offered). These children-erved represented 50(1( of the estimat-ed 426 three- and four-year-olds wholived in poverty in Gila County andwould have been eligible for such ser-

vices. Preschool special education ser-vices were provided to an additional 96children.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLGila County's public schools educated8,186 students during the 1992/93 aca-demic year (up 13% from 1989/90). Ofthese students, 17.1% were identifiedas being limited English proficient (upfrom 11.3% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 270 (10.4%) in1992 to 354 (14.3%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 22.0% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 5.7). The four-year gradua-tion rate also declined, going from69.0% in 1992 to 67.0% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Gila County students per-formed at or below the state average on8 of 9 assessments in March 1993 (see

GILA COUNTY

Table 5.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that at least half of the stu-dents scored below the 40th percentileon all test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in Gila Countydecreased slightly from 5.9% of all suchteens in 1990 to 5.6% in 1992. Two teensuicides were reported in 1992, up fromone in 1990.

In 1992/83, there were 1,129 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing774 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)decreased slightly from 12.3% of allchildren aged 8-17 in 1990 to 11.4% in1992, as did the numbers of juvenilearrests for violent crimes, decreasingfrom 54 cases in 1990 to 53 in 1992(note: these data include multiplearrests for some children causing racesto be inflated).Numbers of juvenilescommitted to DYTR secure correctionalfacilities also decreased from nineyouth in 1990 to seven in 1993.

TABLE 5.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES GILA COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

Gila CountyAverage





0/0 of Female Head-of-Householdswith Children under 5 that Live in

56.4% 78.9%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8* 5.7'

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8' 16.7'


59

38

TA

BLE

5.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

EIN

G IN

DIC

AT

OR

S &

TR

EN

DS

GIL

A C

OU

NT

Y

Indi

cato

r

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty(0

-4 y

rs.:

estim

ate)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty(0

-17

yrs.

; est

imat

e)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs )

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

Pre

nata

l Car

e

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

Infa

nt D

eath

s /M

orta

lity

Rat

e

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

5(W

IC &

Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

(WIC

& ,

CS

FP

wom

en, i

nfan

tsan

d ch

ildre

n)g a

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s1)

()

-12

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

.4 y

rs)

tt a T) 0

Bas

e Y

ear

(198

5')

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

993'

)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0P

erce

nt R

ate

Cha

nge

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se1

11

11

11

I

751

1.00

01,

100

23.9

34.4

36.7

I6.

7%

(198

0)(1

980)

2,27

72,

775

2,97

519

.725

.727

.2I

5.8%

(198

0)(1

980)

1,04

01,

338

1,80

89.

212

.015

.81.

111

31.7

%

2.72

33.

164

4,38

424

.028

.338

.235

.0%

2,91

33,

097

4,59

139

.941

.854

.811

/11

27.8

%

(288

1(2

/901

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

3.17

44,

015

5,03

727

.234

.041

.9III

I 23.

2%(1

0/1/

881

(7/1

/911

(11/

1/93

)(1

0/1/

88)

(7/1

/91)

(11/

1/93

)

152

1.4

217

274

244

33.8

36.6

35.0

4.4%

I

(199

2)(1

992)

3648

445.

66.

46.

31.

6% I

(199

2)(1

992)

3529

-4.

74.

210

.6%

I

53

77.

84.

0.10

.0

(199

2)(1

992)

>10

0%

--1,

880

1,88

0--

42.3

%42

.3%

##

--

-54

.4I

#

10

033

.3"

00

0%

(199

2)(1

992)

61 7-7

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

e

Cha

nge

Incr

ease

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0.1

9 yr

s.)

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)

R(

port

ed C

ases

of S

exua

llyT

rans

mitt

ed D

isea

ses

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

1 0 27(1

988)

1 1 38

3(1

992)

1

(199

2)

31,

(199

2)

8.5" 0 2.3

(198

8)

8.5"

8.9- 3.3

25.1

"(1

992)

8.7"

(199

2)

2.6

(199

2)

1I

11

2.2%

21.2

%

11

1I

>10

0%

Mam

ma,

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

357

500

721

3.3

4.6

6.6

43.5

%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

1,20

611

.1

(0 1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p7,

546

7,24

88,

186

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d61

889

11,

442

8.1

11.3

17.1

51.3

%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

St i

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

-0

0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s27

035

410

414

.337

.5%

(gla

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hith

Sch

ool G

radu

ates

/Rat

e39

643

242

170

.069

.067

.02.

9%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

21

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

&oh

s to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

100

9897

5.7

5.9

5.6

5.1%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

11

236

.4"

36 6

"69

.7"

(199

2)(1

992)

90.4

%

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8.

17 y

rs.)

431

741

696

7.2

12 3

11.4

7.3%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

454

530.

070.

900.

873.

3%

Crim

es (

8.17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R9

70.

300.

2323

.3%

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s11

=11

111M

.,

'I h

r -b

ase"

yea

r is

198

5 an

d th

e 'u

pdat

e ye

ar is

199

3 fo

r al

l ind

icat

or,

unle

ss o

ther

wis

e no

ted

in c

olum

n.

Iita

not

mai

labl

e, 1

1 N

o tr

end

can

he s

how

n;l'e

r 1,

0(1(

1 liv

e bi

rths

. " P

er 1

00,0

00.

I am

ain

shou

ld h

e us

ed m

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

l rea

l num

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

cha

nges

,in

crea

ses:

decr

ease

s to

or

from

a r

ate

of°

are

liste

d as

100

'4.

6263

GILA COUNTY




Gila County during 1992

received late or no

prenatal care.

TABLE 5.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITYGILA COUNTY


White Hispanic American American Other TOTAL

Total County 6,010 55% 2,717 25% 2,105 19% 55 <1% 40 <1% 10.927


Children in 704 39% 285 16% 810 45% 7 <1% 2 <1% 1,808


AHCCCS 2,006 40% 752 15% 2,188 43% 22 <1% 69 1% 5,037


Firearm-related 2 67% 0 0% 1 33% 0 0% 0 0% 3

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 479 69% 138 20% 66 9% 4 1% 9 1% 696

(8-17 yrs.; 1992)


TABLE 5.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*GILA COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity Year

Late/NoPrenatal

Care

Low BirthWeightBirths

NeonatalIntensive

Care Infants

Births toTeens

(13-18 yrs.)

White Births 1990 30% 8°. NA 12%

1992 30% 6°. 5% 1%


1992 39% 4% 3% 15%

Native American 1990 46% 50. NA 14%

Births 1992 41% 8°0 3% 13%

African American 1990 38% NA

Births "' 1992 1%

Other 1990 50% NA

1992 100%

County Total 1990 37% 6% 5% 13%

1992 35% 6% 4% 14%

' Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurredte.g.. of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight).



Fiscal years 19)19,90 and 199'2/93

Less than five total births in 1992

64

41Morrison institute for Public Policy

TABLE 5.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSGILA COUNTY



CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 10.1 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 4.1 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 5.2 5.6


Above state mean

County

*

County State State1990 1992 1990 1992

LANGUAGE 44% 55% 36% 39%

MATH 53% 55% 42% 42%

READING 45% 51% 38% 41%


TABLE 5.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*GILA COUNTY

White

Hispanic

Native American

African American

Other

1991/92 1992/93

9.9% 13.6%

5.2% 9.6%

18.3% 22.0%

0% 20.0°/*

0%

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9.12. what percent dropped out that year).

Involves iess than five individuals.

65

GILA COUNTY

Gila County students

performed at or below the

state average on 8 of 9

ASAP.assessments in 1993.

As part of an overall dropout



school students in Gila County


AO

GILA COUNTY

> During 1993, approximately

50% of Gila County's indigent



preschool programs.

TABLE 5.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESGILA COUNTY

1990191 1993194 % Change

HEAD START








Chapter 1 0 0 0%

Even Start 0 0 0%

At-Risk Pilot Project 0 0 0%



Numbers,not available at county level.

)- During 1993, it is estimated that 426 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Gila County, of which 212

(50'S i were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start).

TABLE 5.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESGILA COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 228 556 144%

x- Although state-approved child




(9/91)

192 220 15%

covered only an estimatedSpaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 313 378 21%

59% of the need in Gila Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 0 0 0%

County. Total 733 1,154 57%

In 1993. there were an estimated 1,964 children in Gila County under age six living in twoparent or single-par-ent working households, while there were 1,154 stateapproved child care spaces in the county (591 ).

Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 306 children per month in Fall 1993, repre-senting 51'i of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county


TABLE 5.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*GILA COUNTY

* Represents total active DES cases

AFDC Cases

,9/92

1,965

9/93

2,503

% Change (i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).27%These are cases known to DES and

Non-AFDC Cases 1,587 1,532 -3% do not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

Total 3,552 4,035 14%

TABLE 5.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*GILA COUNTY

Placing and/or Residential NonresidentialFunding Agency Services (1992/93) Services (1992/93)

Behavioral Health Services, OHS"



9

6

3

332

299

0



*** DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-cents in secure care.

TABLE 5.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*GILA COUNTY

I

Division of Children and Family Services, DES 51

(1/93)

Foster Care Review Board, Admin. 14 9 -36%Office of the Courts (new placements)

Developmental Disabilities Division, DES 4 5 25%(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

* The numbers in this than cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home placementin addition to the numbers listed above

" Foster care placements for abuse, neglect, or abandonment.

67Monaca Institute lot Pubso Policy

GILA COUNTY

)1- In summarizing trend data, 23

of Gila County's indicators





improvements in most cases)

for 10, and no change for one.

44

CHAPTER 6:GRAHAM COUNTY


of the state, Graham County's


to be 28,100 (up 6% from 26,554

in 1990). Safford is both the coun-

ty seat and the largest city. Some


reservation land, and 56% is

owned by the U.S. Forest

Service, the U.S. Bureau of Land

Management, and the State of

Arizona.

Note. Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Farthook Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlyafter reviewing relevant sourres.motes sections

_ .

raham County's child population increased 4% from 1990 to 1993 (over 19

per year) after a growth of only 7% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children repre-sented 32.5% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for children in this county continue to be of concern, although someimprovements since 1990 have occurred. Of 23 indicators for which trend data wereavailable, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) were visible

for 16. (All indicator data are presented in Table 6.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 6.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)GRAHAM COUNTY

Race!Ethnicity 1980 1990

Growth'80 -.'90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 '93

White 4,525 55% 4,534 52% <1% 4,560 50% <1%

Hispanic 2,197 27% 27% 8% 2,475 27% 4%

Native American 1,333 16% 1,77:.i 20% 33% 1,974 22% 11%

African American 86 1% 86 <1% 0% 91 1% 6%

Other 54 1% 34 <1% 37% 30 <1% 12%

Total 8,195 100% 8,802 100% 7% 9,130 101%* 4%

Does not equal 100", due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Graham County. Some 20.55;of the county's children lived in povertyin 198U. increasing to 31.7(,i in 1990,and increasing further to an estimated32.9% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 42.5% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Graham Countyalso existed: in 1993, 13.4% lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 11.1% in 1990): 29.7% lived infamilies receiving food stamps (up from24.3% in 1990 and 47.0% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 43.8c in 1990).Some 32.0% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 29.8% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 20homeless children identified at thattime.

68

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from38.95 in 1990 to 31.4% in 1992. Thepercent of newborns receiving intensivecare services also decreased from 5.7%of all births in 1990 to 4.3% in 1993, asdid the infant mortality rate (from 9.4per 1,000 births in 1990 to 9.2 in 1992).There was, however, a significantincrease in the percent of low birth-weight births, going from 4.75i of allbirths in 1990 to 6.4% in 1992. Datafurther revealed that less than half(45.4% ) of the county's two-year-oldswere fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC were provided to 817pregnant women, infants, and childrenfrom low-income families, representingonly 48'% of those deemed eligible forsuch services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings, firearm-relateddeaths, or homicide victims among chil-dren in 1990 or 1992. Reported cases of


sexually transmitted diseases amongthose under age 20 increased fromeight cases in 1990 to 13 in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 6.11 shows that at leasteight residential placements occurredand 229 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from Graham County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed. from 260 in 1990 to 335in 1993. Within these reports, 602alleged child abuse victims were identi-fied in 1993. Active child support caseshandled by DES increased by 19%, to3,080 cases in 1993 (see Table 6.10).

Table 6.12 shoWs 13 children resided inout-of-home care under the jurisdictionof the DES Division of Childre:i andFamily Services during January 1993.Children reviewed for placement withinthe state's foster care system decreasedfrom nine in 1990 to one in 1993.Finally, using point-in-time data, onechild was placed in out-of-home care bythe DES Developmental DisabilitiesDivision in 1993. up from none in 1991.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 1,559 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were468 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 30% of need (see Table6.9).

During Fall 1993, Head Start preschoolprograms targeting indigent childrenhad funded enrollment slots for 140students (no similar state-supportedprograms were offered). These childrenserved represented 35% of the estimat-ed 405 three- and four-year-olds wholived in poverty in Graham County andwould have been eligible for such sPr-vices. Preschool special education ser-vices were provided to an additional 45children.

Morrison Institute for Public Pd

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLGraham County's public schools edu-cated 5,577 students during the1992/93 academic year (up 7% from1989/90), Of these students, 2.8% wereidentified as being limited English pro-ficient (up from 2.2% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 98 (5.9%) in 1992to 120 (6.9%) in 1993. Ethnic/racialbreakdowns reveal African Americanyouth had the highest dropout rate inthat 31.6% of all African American highschool students in the county droppedout during 1993 (see Table 6.7). On apositive note, the four-year graduationrate improved. going from 78.0% in1992 to 80.0% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Graham County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon 7 of 9 assessments in March 1993(see Table 6.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that less than half of the stu-dents scored.below the 40th percentileon all test components in 1992.

GRAHAM COUNTY

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in GrahamCounty increased slightly from 3.17 ofall such teens in 1990 to 3.4% in 1992.No teen suicides were reported in 1990or 1992.

In 1992/93, there were 358 referrals tostate juvenile courts, representing 233individual children. The rate of juvenilearrests (not including those occurringon Indian reservations) increased from5.8% of all teens aged 8-17 in 1990 to7.7% in 1992. as did the numbers ofjuvenile arrests for violent crimes(increasing from seven cases in 1990 to21 in 1992; note: these data includemultiple orrests for some children caus-ing the rates to be inflated). Numbersof juveniles urrnmitted to DYTR securecorrectional facilities also increasedfrom one youth in 1990 to 10 in 1993.

TABLE 6.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES GRAHAM COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

GrahamCounty Average





56.4% 64.2%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 6.5*

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8' 15.8'


69

46

TA

BLE

6.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

EIN

G IN

DIC

AT

OR

S &

TR

EN

DS

GR

AH

AM

CO

UN

TY

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985)

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

993

)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Per

cent

Rat

eR

ate/

100

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

e

Cha

nge

.

Incr

ease

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty45

292

51.

000

19.4

39.2

42.5

8.4%

(0-4

yrs

; es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty1,

628

2,80

03,

000

20.5

31.7

32.9

3.8%

(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

794

1,02

61,

278

9.1

11.1

13.4

20.7

%

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

2,14

42,

251

2,84

524

.624

.329

.722

.2%

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

2,03

12,

336

2,71

939

.14.

847

.07.

3%

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

2,30

82,

947

3,23

424

.429

.832

.07.

4%

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

200.

21

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

178

165

137

43.8

38.9

31.4

19.3

%

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs29

2028

7.1

4.7

6.4

36.2

%

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

-24

19-

5.7

4.3

24.6

%

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e4

44

9.8*

9.4'

9.2*

2.1%

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

arns

--

817

--

24.1

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

45.4

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs )

00

00

00

0%

(199

2)(1

992)

71-

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985)

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

993)

Bas

e Y

ear

1990

Rat

e/10

0R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

eCtia

nge

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

00

00

00

(199

2)(1

992)

0%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)0

00

00

00%

(199

2)(1

992)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly25

813

2.6

0.8

1.3

62.5

%

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

205

260

335

2.5

3.0

3.7

23.3

%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

--

602

--

6.6

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

......

.

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p4,

868

5,20

15,

577

-S

tude

nts

Iden

tifie

d as

Lim

ited

2212

617

10.

42.

22.

8'

27.3

%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

-0

--

0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

9812

0-

5.9

6.9

16.9

%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

lbra

duat

es/R

ate

314

301

330

82.0

78.0

80 0

2.6%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

5844

504.

83.

13.

49.

7013

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

00

00

00

0%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

290

287

405

6.4

5.8

7.7

32.8

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

87

210.

180.

140.

40

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)>

100%

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

110

-0.

040.

38

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s>

100%

'"b

ase"

yea

r is

198

5 an

d th

e "u

pdat

e" y

ear

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

' unl

ess

othe

rwis

e no

ted

in c

olum

n.

1).1

1. n

ot a

vaila

ble,

N N

o tr

end

can

he s

how

n;P

er 1

,000

live

birt

hs.

Per

100

,000

( A

lmon

sho

uld

he u

sed

in in

terp

retin

g th

ese

perc

enta

ges

sinc

ech

ange

s in

sm

all r

eal n

umbe

rs r

esul

t in

larg

e ra

te p

erce

nt c

hang

es; i

ncre

ases

/dec

reas

esto

or

from

a r

ate

of 0

are

list

ed a

s 10

0`k.

72

73

GRAHAM COUNTY




Graham County during


prenatal care.

49

TABLE 6.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY'GRAHAM COUNTY

IndicatorNative . African

White Hispanic Amencan American Other TOTAL

Total County 4,560 50% 2,475 27% 1,974 22% 91 1% 30 <1% 9,130Racial/EthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 509 40% 467 37% 266 21% 34 3% <1% 1,277AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 1,304 40% 1,200 37% 666 21% 48 2% 16 <10/0 3,234Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 222 55% 148 37% 11 3% 24 6% 0 0% 405(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By comparing the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table I, one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 6.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP'GRAHAM COUNTY

Late/NoPrenatal

Low BirthWeight

NeonatalIntensive

Births to ,Teens

Race/Ethnicity Year Care Births Care Infants (13-18 yrs.)

White Births 1990 33% 5% NA 7°,6

1992 24% 5% 3% 9%

Hispanic Births 1990 44°,0 3% NA 19%

1992 38% 9% 5% 16%

Native American 1990 499. 40. NA 6%

Births 1992 48% 7°,0 8% 9%

African American 1990 500. 25°0 NA

Births"' 1992 50%

Other" 1990 NA

1992 33% 33% 33°,0

County Total 1990 39% 5% 6% 10%

1992 31% 6% 4% 11%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racialmthnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g., of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight


-- No births of that nature

" Fiscal years 1989'90 and 199Z93

" Less than five total births in 1992

7 4 Morrison Institute for Public Policy

TABLE 6.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSGRAHAM COUNTY



CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 11.5 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 4.9* 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 5.6 5.6

Writing (8 pts.) 5.3* 5.1

Above state mean

Norm-referenced Testing (Spring 1990 and Fall 1992)*


LANGUAGE 39% 46% 36% 39%

MATH 43% 45% 42% 42%

READING 39% 46% 38% 41%


TABLE 6.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*GRAHAM COUNTY

GRAHAM COUNTY

Graham County students

performed at or below the state


assessments in 1993.

1991/92 1992/93



African American public high

school students in Graham


White 5.2% 5.4%

Hispanic

Native American

African American

6.8%

5.9%

21.1%-

9.4%

7.7%

.31.6%

14.3%**Other 12.5 %"

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students ingrades

9.12. what percent dropped out that year).

** Involves leas than five individuals.

On. 13,d, OilAry

75BEST COPY AVAILABLE

1993.

50

GRAHAM COUNTY

51


35% of Graham County's




TABLE 6.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESGRAHAM COUNTY

HEAD START

Arizona Head Start Grantees

Indian Head Start

II

40--100

_

. .






Chapter 1 0 0 0%

Even Start 0 0 0%





During 1993, it is estimated that 405 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Graham county, of which140 (35% ) were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start).

TABLE 6.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESGRAHAM COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change



Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 44(9/91)

92 109%

since 1990, total spaces Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 104 215 107%

covered only an estimated Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 147 151 3%

30% of the need in GrahamSpaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 0 10 100%

County.

Total 295 468 59%1111In 1993, there were an estimated 1.559 children in Graham County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 468 suite-approved child care spaces in the county (30'3 ).

Io Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 278 children per month in Fall 1993, repre-senting 74', of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.


TABLE 6.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*

GRAHAM COUNTY

AFDC Cases

Non-AFDC Cases

Total

1,441 2,019

1,143 1.061

2,584 3,080

40%

-7%

19%

TABLE 6.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*

GRAHAM COUNTY

. ;

,Mir: .

Behavioral Health Services, OHS 8

Represents total active DES casesi.e., those involving the establish-

ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).These are cases known to DES anddo not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.




229

44

1***

" The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies. Data

from DES and ADE (as reported for the state) could not be broken down to the county level.

" Preliminary 1992193 data."" DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-


TABLE 6.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*

GRAHAM COUNTY

.

Division of Children and Family Services. DES



Developmental Disabilities Division, DES** 0

(12/23/91)

13(1/93)

1 -89%

1 100%(12/31/93)

No data available.The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.

Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table below) are also a form of out-of-home place-

ment in addition to the numbers listed above.

Foster care placements fur abuse, neglect, orabandonment.

" Increases or decreases from 0 are noted as 100%.

1liklie Mr Public Pcbcv

77

GRAHAM COUNTY

- In summarizing trend data, 23

of Graham County's indicators





improvements) for three, and

no changes for four.

52

CHAPTER 7:GREENLEE COUNTY


of the state, Greenlee County's


to be 8,300 (up 4% from 8,008 in

1990). Clifton is both the county

seat and the largest town. There

is no Indian reservation land in

the county, but the U.S. Forest

Service owns 64% of the area.

I Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Facthook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlafter reviewing relevant sourcesinutes sections

53

reenlee County's child population increased less than 1% from 1990 to 1993after a loss of 37% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children represented 33.1% of thecounty's population.

Overall conditions for children in this county continue to be of concern, although someimprovements since 1990 have occurred. Of 23 indicators for which trend data wereavailable, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) were visiblefor 13. (All indicator data are presented in Table 7.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 7.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)GREENLEE COUNTY

:I 1 :t;:

$ 1

White 1,897 44% 1,318 48% -31% 1,320 48% <1%

Hispanic 2.286 53% 1.346 49% -41% 1,349 49% <1%

Native American 102 2% 55 2% -46% 55 2% 0%

African American 3 <1% 8 <1% 167% 10 <1% 25%

Other 38 <1% 12 <1% -68% 10 <1% -17%

Total 4,326 101% 2,739 100% -37% 2,744 100% <1%

Does not equal 100q due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a factor in thedecline of children's well-being inGreenlee County. Some 10.0% of thecounty's children lived in poverty in1980, increasing to 12.7% in 1990. andincreasing further to an estimated12.8% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 14.1% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Greenlee Countyalso existed: in 1993. 9.6% lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 7.4% in 1990); 19.4% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from14.4% in 19901: and 42,6% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 39.6% in 1990).Some 22.0% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 18.6% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were nohomeless children identified at thattime.

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from39.0% in 1990 to 28.7% in 1992. Thepercent of low birth-weight births alsodecreased from 4.8% of all births in1990 to 4.4% in 1992. There were noinfant deaths in either 1990 or 1992.On the other hand, the percent of new-borns receiving intensive care servicesincreased from 1.9% in 1990 to 4.4% in1993. Data further revealed that onlyslightly more than one-third (36.8% I ofthe county's two-year-olds were fullyimmunized.

Supplemental nutrition services thoughWIC were provided to 253 pregnantwomen, infants, and children from low-income families, representing 76% ofthose deemed eligible for such services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in 1990 or 1992.Firearm-related deaths among childrenincreased from zero in 1990 to one in1992; there were no homicide victims in1990 or 1992. Reported cases of sexual-


ly transmitted diseases among thoseunder age 20 increased from two casesin 1990 to four in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices. Table 7.11 shows that at leasttwo residential placements occurredand 118 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from Greenlee County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse continued to climb, f'rom 104 in1990 to 128 in 1993. Within thesereports, 234 alleged child abuse victimswere identified in 1993. Active childsupport cases handled by DESincreased by 18%, to 677 cases in 1993(see Table 7.10).

Table 7.12 shows three children residedin out-of-home care under the jurisdic-tion of the DES Division of Childrenand Family Services during January1993. Children reviewed for placementwithin the state's foster care systemdecreased from 10 in 1990 to none in1993.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 453 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were177 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 39% of need (see Table7.9).

During Fall 1993, Head Start preschoolprograms targeting indigent childrenhad funded enrollment slots for 20 stu-dents (no similar state-funded pro-grams were available). These childrenserved represented 67% of the estimat-ed 30 three- and four-year-olds wholived in poverty in Greenlee Countyand would have been eligible for suchservices. Preschool special educationservices were provided to an additionalthree children.

ileuriana, 'mann eta Ina Pnlietv

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLGreenlee County's public schools edu-cated 2,270 students during the1992/93 academic year (up 77r from1989/90). Of these students, 0.9% wereidentified as being limited English pro-ficient (down from 1.9% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 22 (3.1%) in 1992to 34 (4.7%) in 1993. Ethnic/racialbreakdowns reveal African Americanyouth had the highest dropout rate inthat 20.0% of all African American pub-lic high school students in the countydropped out during 1993 (see Table7.7). On a positive note, the four-yeargraduation rate increased from 82.0%in 1992 to 87.0% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Greenlee County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon 6 of 9 assessments in March 1993(see Table 7.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that students in the countywere "average" in their performance inthat approximately 40% scored below

GREENLEE COUNTY

the 40th percentile on all test compo-nents in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in GreenleeCounty decreased slightly from 3.5% ofall such teens in 1990 to 3.0% in 1992.No teen suicides wet reported ineither 1990 or 1992.

In 1992/93, there wera 92 referrals tostate juvenile representing 73individual children. The rate of juvenilearrests decreased slightly fron? 2.0% ofall children aged 8-17 in 1990 to 1.6%in 1992, while there were no juvenilearrests for violent crimes in either 1990nor 1992 (note: these data include mul-tiple arrests for some children causingrates to be inflated). Finally, numbersof juveniles committed to DYTR securecorrectional facilities increased fromzero in 1990 to two in 1993.

TABLE 7.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES GREENLEE COUNTY COMPARE?

.. -





`)/0 of Female Head-of-Householdswith Children under 5 that Live in

56.4% 70.2%

Poverty (1990)

DivorCe Rate (1992) 6.8' 7.4

Birth Rate (1992) 17.3' 16.3'


7954

TA

BLE

7.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL -

BE

ING

IND

ICA

TO

RS

& T

RE

ND

SG

RE

EN

LEE

CO

UN

TY

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985'

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

seI

II

II

I

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty17

575

100

13.3

12.4

14.1

13.7

%

(0-4

yrs

.: es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty42

635

035

010

.012

.712

.80.

8%

(0-1

7 yr

s ; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

175

210

278

5.1

7.4

9.6

I29

.7%

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

714

410

560

21.0

14.4

19.4

34.7

%

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

529

445

477

43.3

39.6

42.6

7.6%

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

485

551

663

16.4

18.6

22.0

18.3

%

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

0-

-0

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

9541

3959

.039

.028

.726

.4%

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs7

56

4.3

4.8

4.4

8.3%

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

26

1.9

4.4

>10

0%

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e3

00

18.6

*0

00%

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

253

25.4

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

36.8

1)am

ong

2-ye

ar-o

lds

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs ./

00

00

00

0%

(199

2)(1

992)

81

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

rU

pdat

e Y

ear

(198

5)19

90(1

993.

)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e110

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0P

erce

nt R

ate

Cha

nge

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

00

10

033

.2**

(199

2)(1

992)

100%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)0

00

00

00%

(199

2)(1

992)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly1

24

0.3

0.7

1.3

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)85

.7%

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

5510

412

83.

13.

84.

7w

23.

7%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

234

8.5

#

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p2,

349

2,12

22,

270

#

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d0

4321

01.

90.

952

.6%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s0

0#

Hig

n S

choo

l Dro

pout

s22

343.

14.

7N

EM

51.

6%(g

ri,de

s 9-

12)

(199

2)(1

992)

1-iic

):t S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

120

133

136

74.0

82 0

87.0

6.1%

(with

in 4

yrs

)(1

991)

(109

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Bum

s to

Tee

ns (

13.1

8 yr

s )

1715

143.

43.

53.

014

.3 %

U

(199

2)(1

992)

To

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs )

00

00

00

0%(1

992)

(199

2)

Jmirn

ile A

rres

ts (

8-17

yrs

)10

934

266.

12.

01

620

%(1

992)

(199

2)

JUN

. eni

le A

rres

ts fo

r V

iole

nt3

00

0.17

00

0%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

)(1

992)

(199

2)

IA e

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R0

20

0.23

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s10

0%

'bas

e" %

ear

as 1

9x5

and

the

"upd

ate"

yea

r is

199

3 fo

r al

l mdr

ator

s un

less

oth

erw

ise

note

d In

col

umn

m n

ut .n

No

tren

d ca

n he

sho

wn,

* P

er 1

,011

0 liv

e bi

rths

,' P

er 1

00,0

00

Im

um s

houl

d be

use

d in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

m s

rmal

rea

l num

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

cha

nges

; mer

ea,e

sde

crea

ses

to o

r fr

om a

rat

e of

0 a

re li

sted

as

180'

i.

8283

GREENLEE COUNTY

1 Although improvements



Greenlee County during


prenatal care.

41.

TABLE 7.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITYGREENLEE COUNTY


AmericanAfrican


Total County 1,320 48% 1,349 49% 55 2% 10 <1% 10 <1% 2,744Racial/EthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 108 39% 158 57% 8 3% 4 2% 0 0% 278AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 295 45% 346 52% 18 3% 1 <1% 3 <1% 663Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; .11/93)

Firearm-related 0 0% 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 1

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 15 58% 9 35% 2 8°0 0 0% 0 0% 26(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

* Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By companng the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of tabler, one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 7.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIALIETHNIC GROUP*GREENLEE COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity Year

Late/NoPrenatal

Care


NeonatalIntensive

Care Infants

Births toTeens

(13-18 yrs.)

White Births 1990 33% 4% NA 100,0

1992 25% 4°0 6% 1 0%


1992 34% 5% 2% 110/0

Native American 1990 67°0 NA

Births"' 1992


Births*" 1992

Other*" 1990 NA

1992

County Total 1990 39% 5% 2% 14%

1992 29% 4% 4% 10%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racialiethnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g.. of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight'.



' Fiscal years 1989/90 and 1992/93

Less than five total births in 1992.

84


TABLE 7.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSGREENLEE COUNTY

a .


.

CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 11.9 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 5.2* 4.8



Math (20 pts-) 5.6 5 6


Above state mean



LANGUAGE 39% 46% 36% 39%

MATH 45% 44% 42% 42%

READING 41% 39% 38% 41%


TABLE 7.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIALJETHNIC POPULATION*GREENLEE COUNTY

1'591/92 1992/93

White 3.1% 3.7%

Hispanic 3.3% 5.3%

Native American 0% 12.5%.**

African American 0% 20.0%**

Other 0% 0%

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g.. of all white students in grades9.12, what percent dropped out that year).


GREENLEE COUNTY

Greenlee County students



ASAP assessments in 1993.




students in Greenlee County


GREENLEE COUNTY


67% of Greenlee County's




TABLE 7.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERALJSTATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESGREENLEE COUNTY

HEAD START

a I


Indian Head Start 0




Special Education 10 3 -70%


Chapter 1 0 0 0%

Even Start 0 0 0%


ADE Subtotal 10 3 -70%



During 1993, it is estimated that 30 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Greenlee county, of which 20(67rid were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start).

> Although state-approved child




39% of the need in Greenlee

County.

TABLE 7.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESGREENLEE COUNTY

II

&Jaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 16(9/91)

Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 52

Spaces in OHS Licensed Child Care Centers 70

Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 0

Total 138

36

71

70

0

177

125%

37%

0%

0%

28%

In 1993, there were an estimated 453 children in Greenlee County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 177 state-approved child care spaces in the county (397r).

SP Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 83 children per month in Fall 1993, repre-senting 59% of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.

8659 Morrison Institute for Public Poecy

TABLE 7.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*GREENLEE COUNTY

9/92 9/93 % ChangeRepresents total active DES cases+i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation,.AFDC Cases 278 403 45%

These are cases known to DES andNon-AFDC Cases 294 274 -7% do not include cases where DES


Total 572 677 18%

TABLE 7.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*GREENLEE COUNTY

.

Behavioral Health Services, DHS **


2 118

0 196

Dept. of Youth Treatment and 0Rehabilitation (non-secure)

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies. Datafrom DES and ADE (as reported for the state/ could not be broken down to the county level.

** Preliminary 1992193 data.

** DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-cents in secure care.

TABLE 7.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*GREENLEE COUNTY

Placing and/or Funding Agency 1990 1993°. Change

90 to '93

Division of Children and Family Services. DES 3(1/93)



Developmental Disabilities Division. DES 0 0 0%(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services ias reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home place.ment in addition to the numbers listed above

Foster care placements for abuse. neglect. or abandonment

87- I .... n..1.1

GREENLEE COUNTY


of Greenlee County's indica-





improvements) for five, and no

changes for five.

60

-1111...11.111.11MIITCHAPTER 8:LA PAZ COUNTY

Located in the western part of

the state, La Paz County's popu-

lation in 1993 was estimated to

be 15,200 (up 10% from 13,844

in 1990). Parker is both the coun-

ty seat and the largest town.

Some 59% of the area is owned

by the U.S. Bureau of Land

Management. La Paz County was

created in 1983, when Yuma

County residents voted to split

into two jurisdictions.

Note Important qualifications exist for manindicators presented in this Facthook Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlalter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections

61

a Paz County's child population increased less than 1% from 1990 to 1993.Children represented 24.3% of the county's population in 1993.


TABLE 8.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)LA PAZ COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity 1990

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 -- '93

White 1.442 39% 1,378 37% -4%

Hispanic 1,344 37% 1,400 38% 4%

Native American 821 22% 850 23% 4%

African American 31 1% 30 <1% -3%

Other 31 1% 30 <1% -3%

Total 3,669 100% 3,688 99%* <1%

Does not equal 100'i due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in La Paz County. Sonic 37.4(% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1990, increasing to.an estimated 40.0(in 1993. The status of children underage five was even worse, with an esti-mated 42.3'7i having lived in poverty in1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in La Paz Countyalso existed: in 1993, 15.7'4 lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 8.5% in 1990); 34.0% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from17.0% in 199W; and 56.0% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunci. 7)rogram (down from 61.7% in1990). Some 39.4g; of children 19 yearsor younger were enrolled in AHCCCS,the state's indigent health care pro-gram (up from 26.3c in 1991). Finally.1990 census data from 1990 revealedthere were 18 homeless children identi-fied at that time.

1111111MIM

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent of low-birth weight births decreased from7.5C; of all births in 1990 to 4.7(.4 in1992: the number of newborns receiv-ing intensive care services alsodecreased from 12 cases in 1990 to onein 1993; and the infant. mortality ratedecreased to zero in 1993. On the otherhand, the rate of women giving birthwho received late or no prenatal careincreased from 53.1% of all births in1990 to 53.3% in 1992, and less thanhalf (44.70 % ) of the county's two-year-olds were fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC and CSFP were providedto 842 pregnant women, infants, andchildren from low-income families in LaPaz County, representing only 4417 ofthose deemed eligible for such services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in either 1990 or1992. Firearm-related deaths amongchildren increased from one in 1990 totwo in 1992 as did homicides. Reportedcases of sexually transmitted diseases


t.

among those under age 20 alsoincreased slightly from seven cases in1990 to nine in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 8.11 shows that at leastfour residential placements occurredand 72 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from La Paz County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed from 198 in 1990 to 243in 1993. Within these reports, 395alleged child abuse victims were identi-fied in 1993. The number of active childsupport cases handled by DESincreased by 27%, to 1,461 cases in1993 (see Table 8.10).

Table 8.12 shows 10 children in La PazCounty resided in out-of-home careunder the jurisdiction of.the DESDivision of Children and FamilyServices during January 1993. No chil-dren were reviewed for placement with-in the state's foster care system orplaced in out-of-home care by the DESDevelopmental Disabilities Unit ineither 1990 or 1992.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 658 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were123 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 19% of need (see Table8.9).

During Fall 1993, Head Start preschoolprograms targeting indigent childrenhad .funded enrollment slots for 215children in La Paz County, servingnearly all three- and four-year-olds wholived in poverty. Preschool special edu-cation services were provided to anadditional 41 children, while MigrantChild Education provided services tofour others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLLa Paz County's public schools educat-ed 2,935 students during the1992/93academic year (up 8% from 1989/90). Ofthese students, 9.9% were identified asbeing limited English proficient (downfrom 12.3% in 1990). Migrant serviceswere provided to 297 students, repre-senting 78% of the 379 eligible foi suchservice.

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 130 (13.7%) in1992 to 185 (18.3%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 21.2% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 8.7). The four-year gradua-tion rate remained steady at 60.0% inboth 1992 and 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show La Paz County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon 8 of 9 assessments in March 1993(see Table 8.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that on average 60% of thestudents scored below the 40th per-centile on test components in 1992.

LA PAZ COUNTY

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in La PazCounty increased from 4.2% of all suchteens in 1990 to 5.1% in 1992. No teenSuicides were reported in 1992, downfrom one in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 154 referrals tostate juvenile courts, representing 118individual children. The rate of juvenilearrests (not including those occurringon Indian reservations) decreased from4.1% of all children aged 8-17 in 1990to 3.0% in 1992, as did the number ofjuvenile arrests for violent crimes fromfive cases in 1990 to one in 1992; note:these data include multiple arrests forsome children causing rates to beinflated). On the other hand, numbersof juveniles committed to state correc-tional facilities increased slightly fromthree youth in 1990 to three in 1993.

TABLE 8.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES LA PAZ COUNTY COMPARE?

Arizona',Average

La PazCounty Average




Per Capita Personal Income (1991) $16,594 $16,118"


56.4% 66.7%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 4.6'

Birth Rate (1992) 17.3* 11.4*

Per 1,000 population.Income level may he Inizh due to concerns with population estimates used by the U.S Department of Commerce.

8962

no

TA

BLE

8.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

EIN

G IN

DIC

AT

OR

S &

TR

EN

DS

LA P

AZ

CO

UN

TY

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e.11

00U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0P

erce

nt R

ate

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

e

Cha

nge

Incr

ease

1111

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty-

425

425

39.4

42.3

7.4%

(0-4

yrs

.: es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty1.

375

1,47

537

.440

.07.

0%

(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

235

325

612

6.3

8.5

15.7

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

84.7

%

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

650

650

1,32

517

.317

.034

.0

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

100%

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

1,28

51,

492

1,69

149

.061

.756

.09.

2%

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

1,18

51,

063

1,60

230

.026

.339

.449

.8%

(0-1

9 yr

s )

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

180.

47

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

126

8590

53.8

53.1

53.3

0.3%

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs16

128

6.8

7.5

4.7

37.3

%(1

992)

(199

2)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

121

7.4

0.01

99.9

%

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

oil-M

y R

ate

63

025

.6'

18.5

'0

100%

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

842

--

59.8

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

44.7

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs0

00

00

00%

(199

2)(1

992)

r-

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

rU

pdat

e Y

ear

(198

5')

1990

(199

3 ")

Bas

e Y

ear

1990

kRat

e /1

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ate/

100

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100

Per

cent

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e C

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199

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Dec

reas

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se

1111

1111

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

01

20

25.0

"49

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(199

2)(1

992)

96.8

%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)0

12

026

.0"

51.2

-(1

992)

(199

2)96

.9%

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly34

79

8.6

1.8

2.2

22.2

%

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

390

198

243

10.8

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6.6

22.2

%

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ged

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ld A

buse

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tims

--

395

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(0.1

7 yr

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CH

ILD

RE

N IN

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(GR

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ly M

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dent

s Id

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338

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lish

Pro

ficie

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dent

s R

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ving

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rant

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vice

s-

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h S

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13.7

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9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

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h S

choo

l Gra

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ate

137

151

156

62.0

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(with

in 4

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991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

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EN

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T R

ISK

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3722

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992)

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n S

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des

(15-

19 y

rs )

01

00

115.

1"0

100%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs )

135

8062

6.8

4 1

3.0

26.8

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

15

10.

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260.

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.8%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

)(1

992)

(199

2)

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nite

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omm

itted

to S

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e D

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0.32

0.30

6.3%

I

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

1 .a

. "ba

se"

year

is 1

995

and

the

"upd

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yea

r is

199

3 fo

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l ind

icat

or,

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ther

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ted

in c

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No

tren

d C

an h

e sh

own,

Per

1,0

(10

live

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Per

100

,000

I. im

am s

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use

d in

i te

r-pr

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perc

enta

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sinc

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ant!.

in s

mal

l rea

l num

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

chan

ges,

incr

ease

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ses

to o

r fr

om a

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re li

sted

as

HU

M93

-11111.1.111.1.=101.1LA PAZ COUNTY

Over half (53%) of those

giving birth in La Paz

County during 1992

received late or no

prenatal care.

TABLE 8.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY*LA PAZ COUNTY




Children in 213 35% 162 26% 231 38% 5 1% 1 <1% 612AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 566 35% 603 38% 408 26% 14 <1%-11 <1% 1,602


Firearm-related 0 0% 0 0% 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 42 68% 19 31% 2% 0 0% 0 0% 62(8-17 yrs.; 1992)


TABLE 8.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAUETHNIC GROUP*LA PAZ COUNTY

Late/No Low Birth Neonatal Births toPrenatal Weight Intensive -Teens



1992 51% 70 9%


1992 67% 6% 2% 26%

Native American 1990 63% 700 NA 19%

Births 1992 20%


Births*" 1992

Other*" 1990 1 00 % NA

1992

County Total 1990 53% 8% 7% 14%

1992 53% 5% <1% 17%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial,ethnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g., of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight I.



Fiscal years 1989,90 and 1992/93

Less than five total births in 1992

9 4


TABLE 8.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSLA PAZ COUNTY



CountyMean

StateMean )1-


Math (20 pts.) 9.2 11.7


GRADE 8 Reading (20 pts.) 11.5' 10.9

Math (16 pts.) 4.3 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 4.7 5.6

Writing (8 pts 4,9 5.1

Above state mean



LANGUAGE 50% 65% 36% 39%

MATH 55% 56% 42% 42%

READING 53% 55% 38% 41%


TABLE 8.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*LA PAZ COUNTY

LA PAZ COUNTY

La Paz County students




1991/92 . 1992/93




school students in La Paz


White 10.9% 15.4%

Hispanic

Native American

African American

Other

12.6% 21.0%

21.2%

1

23.0%

0% 14.8%.

0% 14.3%

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racialtethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9-12, what percent dropped out that yeari.


95

thihtinDnliev

1993.

66

LA PAZ COUNTY

During 1993, it is estimated

that nearly all of La Paz

County's indigent three- and

four-year-olds were served in

comprehensive preschool

programs.

67

TABLE 8.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESLA PAZ COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 0o Change

HEAD START






Special EducatiOn 14 41 193%


Chapter 1 0 0 0%

Even Start 0 0 0%

At-Risk Pilot Project 0 0 0%_ .




During 1993, it is estimated that nearly all three- and four-year-olds who lived in poverty in La Paz Countywere served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start i.

TABLE 8.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESLA PAZ COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change

Although state-approved child Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 0 0 0%

care spaces increased by (9/91)

19% since 1990, total spaces

covered only an estimatedSpaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 16 8 -50%

19% of the need in La PazSpaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 87 115 32%

County. Spaces in OHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 0 0 0%

Total 103 123 19%ill1101!

In 1993. there were an estimated 658 children in La Paz County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 123 state-approved child care spaces in the county (19%).

70- Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 27 children per month in Fall 1993. repre-senting 22'4 of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.


TABLE 8.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*LA PAZ COUNTY

9/92 9/93 % Change

AFDC CaSes

Non-AFDC Cases

Total

621

527

1,148

947

514

52%

-3%

1,461 27%

TABLE 8.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*LA PAZ COUNTY

Represents total active DES casesi.e., those involving the establish-

ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).These are cases known to DES anddo not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

PlaCing and/or Residential NonresidentialFunding Agency Services (1992/93) Services (1992/93)

Behavioral Health Services, DHS



4 72

1 6

1 0***


Preliminary 1992193 data.

DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-cents in secure care.

TABLE 8.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*LA PAZ COUNTY

Placing and/or Fundirl'g Agency 1990 1993°. Change'90 to '93


Foster Care Review Board, Admin. 0 0 0%


Developmental Disabilities Division, DES** 0 00%

(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of ccrints within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home place-Ment in addition to the numbers listed above.

' Foster care placements for abuse, neglect, or abandonment.

LA PAZ. COUNTY


of La Paz County's indicators

revealed increased rates .




improvements) for nine, and

no changes for two.

68

-111111.1111M1=1111111-CHAPTER 9:MARICOPA COUNTY

aricopa County's child population increased 11% from 1990 to 1993 (morethan 3% per year) after a growth of 31% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children rep-resented 26.9% of the county's population.


TABLE 9.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)MARICOPA COUNTY

:I 11 :1 'I I

Located in south central Arizona, White 307,549 73% 372,346 67% 21% 401;:48 65% 8%

Maricopa County's population in Hispanic 84,950 20% 136,348 25% 61% 161,700 26% 19%

1993 was estimated to be---

Native American 7,990 2% 11,759 2% 47% 13,900 2% 18%2,293,000 (up 8% from 2,122,101

in 1990). Phoenix is both the African American 17,414 4% 24,680 4% 42%. 28,100 5%. .

14%

county seat and the largest city. Other . 5,971 1% 10,658. 2% 79% 12,975 2% 22%

Over 58% of the state's popula- Total 423,874 100% 555,791 100% 31% 617,823 100% 11%

tion lives in Maricopa County. Does not equal 10O' due to rounding.

i Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Factbook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlyafter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections.

69

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Maricopa County. Some 12.9%of the county's children lived in povertyin 1980, increasing to 17.5% in 1990,and increasing further to an estimated19.1% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 22.3% having lived in poVer-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Maricopa Countyalso existed. In 1993, 10.9(,; lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 7.3% in 1990); 20.7% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from .

12.7% in 1990); and 38.2% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 30.7% in 1990).Some 24.0% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 19.1% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 2.692homeless children identified at thattime, while a 1993 ADE survey report-

41.

ed 6,712 (although some duplicationexits in the ADE number).

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from28.0% in 1990 to 23.7% in 1992, whilethe infant mortality rate also decreased(from 8.9 per 1,000 live births in 1990to 8.5 in 1992). In addition, the percentof low birth-weight births remainedsteady at 6.5% in both 1990 and 1992.On the other hand, the number of new-borns receiving intensive care servicesincreased from 1,779 (4.4% of all births)in 1990 to 1,965 (4.9%) in 1993. Datafurther revealed that just over half(56.6%)of the county's two-year-oldswere fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC and CSFP were providedto 39,521 pregnant women, infants, andchildren from low-income families, rep-resenting only 41% of those deemed eli-gible for such services.


L.

r-

Other indicators reveal a halt to recentdecreases in child drownings, with 14cases each in 1990 and 199'2. Firearm-related deaths among childrenincreased significantly from 39 incidentsin 1990 to 65 in 1992; homicides amongchildren also increased from 26 to 38during this time. Reported cases of sex-ually transmitted diseases among thoseunder age 20 remained steady at 5.1%for both 1990 and 1992. Finally, diag-nosed cases of HIV Infection/AIDS rosefrom three cases in 1985 to 79 in 1993.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices. Table 9.11 shows that at least768 residential placements occurredand 9,374 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from Maricopa County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CARE .Reports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed from 19,101 in 1990 to26,246 in 1993. Within these reports,44,868 alleged child abuse victims wereidentified in 1993. Active child supportcases handled by DES increased by10%, to 138,807 cases in 1993 (seeTable 9.10).

Table 9 12 shows 2,097 children residedin out-of-home care under the jurisdic-tion of the DES Division of Childrenand Family Services during January1993. Children reviewed for placementwithin the state's foster care systemdecreased slightly from 818 in 1990 to815 in 1993. Finally, using point-in-time data, 211 children were placed inout-of-home care by the DESDevelopmental Disabilities Division in1993, decreasing from 294 in 1991.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 125,768 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-oar-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were77,978 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 62% of need (see Table 9.9).

During Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 4,222 students inMaricopa County (Head Start programs

ino Diana, DAVev

had funded enrollment slots for 3,535;427 were served in the state-funded At-Risk Pilot; and 260 were in EvenStart). These children represented 26%of the estimated 16,555 three and four-year-olds who lived in poverty inMaricopa County and would have beeneligible for such services. Preschool spe-cial education services were provided toan additional 2,128 children, whileMigrant Child Education and Chapter1 provided services to 1,523 others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLMaricopa County's public schools edu-cated 365,401 students during the1992/93 academic year (up 10% from1989/90). Of these students, 8.8% wereidentified as being limited English pro-ficient (up from 6.4% in 1990). Migrantservices were provided to 5,363 stu-dents, representing 70% of the 7,651eligible for such service.

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 11,342 (10.4%) in1992 to 13,463 (12.5%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 23.5% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 9.7). On the other hand, thefour-year graduation rate increasedfrom 68.0% in 1992 to 71.0% in 1993.

MARICOPA COUNTY .

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Maricopa County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon only 1 of 9 assessments in March1993 (see Table 9.6). Norm-referencedtests revealed that students were "aver-age" in their performance given approx-imately 40% scored below the 40th per-centile on test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in MaricopaCounty increased from 4.3% of all suchteens in 1990 to 4.6% in 1992. Thenumber of teen suicides decreased from25 in 1990 to 16 in 1992.

In 1992/93, there were 29,351 referralsto state juvenile courts. representing19,089 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)decreased slightly from 10.1% of allchildren aged 8-17 in 1990 to 8.9% in1992, while juvenile arrests for violentcrimes increased from 1,257 in 1990 to1,418 in 1992 (note: these data includemultiple arrests for some children caus-ing the rates to be inflated). Juvenilescommitted to DYTR secure correctionalfacilities decreased from 614 youth in1990 to 547 in 1993.

TABLE 9.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES MARICOPA COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

MaricopaCounty Average



Per Capita Persona' Income (1991) $16,594 $18,468


56.4% 50.7%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 7.4'

Birth Rate (1992) 17.3' 17.9'


99 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 70

0 =10

0a

TA

BLE

9.3

: CH

ILD

WE

LL-B

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ving

in P

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15.1

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22.3

(0-4

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.; es

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e)(1

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(198

0)

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ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

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97,8

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(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

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ate)

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ldre

n in

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Fam

ilies

22,7

5542

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39,5

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310

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(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

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ilies

41,8

3474

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(10/

93)

AH

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ollm

ent

76,3

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1,71

216

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(0-1

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93)

(10/

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Hom

eles

s C

hild

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(0-1

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s.)

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--

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& S

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en r

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nata

l Car

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(199

2)

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h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs2,

094

2,61

52,

585

6.2

6.5

6.5

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

-1,

779

1,96

5-

4.4

4.9

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e31

935

934

29.

4*8.

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5*4.

5%

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

39,5

2114

.2

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

-56

.6

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

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rs )

2014

1413

.9"

7.9"

7A-

6.3%

(199

2)(1

992)

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

3939

657.

2"6.

2"9.

9"(1

992)

(199

2)

Incr

ease

9.9%

9.1%

49.3

%

63.0

%

24.4

%

25.7

%

0%

11.4

%

101

59.7

%

Inrli

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)U

pdat

e Y

ear

1990

(199

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

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Yea

rR

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100

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

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ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)

Dia

gnos

ed C

ases

of H

IVIn

fect

ion/

AID

S (

0-19

yrs

.)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly

17 3

2,08

4

26 59

3,18

8

38(1

992)

79

3,36

6

3.3"

0.6"

3.5

4.4"

9.4"

5.1

6.1"

(199

2)

11.7

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5.1

1i

11

ii

1I

38.6

%

24.5

%.

0%

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)1=

111

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

10,5

5219

.101

26,2

462.

23.

54.

3U

22.

9%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

---

44,8

68-

-7.

4#

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p27

9,76

733

0,80

736

5,40

1-

..

#

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d9,

289

24,1

1237

,110

2.9

6.4

8.8

37.5

%E

nglis

h P

rofic

ient

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

5,36

3-

1.5

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Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

11,3

4213

,463

-10

.412

.520

.2%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

H10

1 S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

17,3

3917

,539

17,3

7265

.068

.071

.01

4.4%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

2,87

03.

476

3,83

53.

74.

34.

6I 7

.0%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs )

2825

1620

.6**

17.4

"11

.3"

35.1

%(1

992)

(199

2)

Al1

enile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

21,7

3429

.098

27,2

918.

410

.18

911

.9%

a(1

992)

(199

2)

Jmen

ile A

rres

ts fo

r V

iole

nt60

21,

257

1,41

80.

230.

440.

461

4.5%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Jmen

iles

Com

mitt

ed to

Sec

ure

DY

TR

-61

454

7-

0.45

0.36

20.0

%U

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

'Fir

"bas

e- y

ear

is 1

985

and

the

'upd

ate

year

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

s un

less

oth

erw

ise

note

d in

col

umn.

I) d

a no

t ava

ilabl

e, M

No

tren

d ca

n be

sho

wn;

Per

1,0

0(1

live

birt

hs,

Per

1(1

0,00

0.

(' lo

tion

shou

ld h

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s :o

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

l rea

l num

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

cha

nges

;in

crea

ses/

decr

ease

s to

or

from

a r

ate

40 a

re li

sted

as

190q

.

102

103

MARICOPA COUNTY




Maricopa County during


prenatal care.

73

TABLE 9.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACEJETHNICITY*MARICOPA COUNTY


AmericanAfrican


Total County 401,148 65% 161,700 26% 13,900 2% 28,100 5% 12,975 2% 617,823RaciaVEthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 40% 4,012 6% 10,419 15% 647 1%-__

69,52726,502 38% 27,947AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 64.496 40% 70,799 43% 7,548 5% 16,697 10% 3,914 2% 163,454


Firearm-related 22 34% 30 46% 3 5% 10 15% 0 0%Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 15.214 56% 8.768 32% 564 2% 2.599 10% 146 1%

-27,291

(8-17 yrs.; 1992)


TABLE 9.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*MARICOPA COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity Year

Late/NoPrenatal

Care

Low BirthWeight

- Births

NeonatalIntensive ..

Care Infants

Births toTeens

(13-18 yrs.)


1992 15% 6% 4% 6%


1992 38% 70,0 5% 16%

Native American 1990 59% 6°. NA 13%

Births 1902 47% 6% 4% 14%

African American 1990 40% 12°. NA 16%

Births 1992 35% 13% 10% 17%

Other 1990 20% 8% NA 2%

1992 19% 7% 100/0 3%

County Total 1990 28% 7% 4% 9%

1992 24% 7% 5% 10%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurredle.g.. of all births to white women. what percent were low birth weight).



" Fiscal years 1989/90 and 1992/93.

104Morrison Institute for Pubitc Policy

TABLE 9.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSMARICOPA COUNTY

.. .


CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 11.8 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 5.1* 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 5.8* 5.6


Above state mean



LANGUAGE 35% 48% 36% 39%

MATH 40% 39% 42% 42%

READING 36% 39% 38% 41%


TABLE 9.7: .HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*MARICOPA COUNTY

1991/92 1992/93

White 7.6% 9.4%

Hispanic 17.8% 19.9%

Native American

, African American

Other

19.4% 23.5%

14.5% 17.5%

6.7% 7.2%

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9.12. what percent dropped out that year,.

105

1.1.,111..1. L-Le 01.111.,

MARICOPA COUNTY

Maricopa County students


average on only 1 of 9 ASAP


)1- As part of an overall dropout



school students in Maricopa


1993.

14

MARICOPA COUNTY


26% of Maricopa County's




75

TABLE 9.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESMARICOPA COUNTY

HEAD START

Arizona Head Sfart Grantees

AI s

3,321

Indian Head Start

Migrant Head Start

Head Start Subtotal

134

80

3,535


Special Education 1,206 2,128 76%

Migrant Child Education 294

Chapter 1 300 1,229 310%

Even Start 203 260 28%


ADE Subtotal 4,338



/0. During 1993, it is estimated that 16.555 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Maricopa County, ofwhich 4.222 (26%) were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start, Even Start. At-Risk PilotProject).

TABLE 9.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESMARICOPA COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 3,684 5,424 47%



(9/91)





652

47,213

929

70,749

42%

50%

62% of the need in MaricopaSpaces in OHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 260 876 237%

County.Total 51,809 77,978 51%

I In 1993, there were an estimated 125,768 children in Maricopa County under age six living in two-parent orsingle-parent working households, while there were 77,978 state-approved child care spaces in the county (62% ).

Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 13,618 children per month in Fall 1993.representing 19',I of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.

106 Momson Institute for Public Policy

TABLE 9.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*MARICOPA COUNTY

9/92 9/93 % Change* Represents total active DES cases

i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).AFDC Cases 73,304 77,499 6%These are cases known to DES and

Non-AFDC Cases 52.649 61,308 16% do not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

Total 125,953 138,807 10%

TABLE 9.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*MARICOPA COUNTY

.

Behavioral Health Services, DHS" 768


Dept. of Youth Treatment and 245Rehabilitation (non-secure)

9,374

7,897

2***



*** DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-cents in secure cam.

TABLE 9.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*MARICOPA COUNTY

% ChangePlacing and/or Funding Agency . 1990 1993 '90 to '93

Division of Children and Family Services, DES 2,097(1/93)



Developmental Disabilities Division, DES" 294 211 -28%(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home place-ment in addition to the numbers listed above.


107Lao 12..111.

MARICOPA COUNTY


of Maricopa County's indica-




decrpased rates (depicting

improvements) for six, and no

changes for two.

76

CHAPTER 10:MOHAVE COUNTY

Located in the northwestern part

of the state. Mohave County's


to be 108,500 (up 16% from

93,497 in 1990). Kingman is the

county seat and Lake Havasu

City is the largest city. Some 59%

of the county's land is owned by

the U.S. Bureau of Land

Management.

Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Facthook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlyafter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections. ,

77

ohave County's child population increased 2267c from 1990 to 1993 (over 7%per year) after an overall growth of 45% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children repre-sented 23.8% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for this growing number of children continue to be of concern, althoughsome improvements have occurred since 1990. Of 23 indicators for which trend datawere available, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) were visi-ble for 18. (All indicator data are presented in Table 10.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 10.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)MOHAVE COUNTY

RaWEthnicity 1980 .1990

Growth'80 - '90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 - '93

White 13,004 89% 18,452 87% 42% 22,400 87% 21%

Hispanic 865 6% 1,731 8% 100% 2,328 9% 34%

Native American 558 4% 710 3% 27% 830 3% 17%


Other 101 1% 173 1% 71% 230 <1% 33%

Total 14,565 101%* 21,125 100%* 45% 25,863 100% 22%

Does not equal 100re due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Mohave County. Some 14.5%of the county's children lived in povertyin 1980, increasing to 22.2% in 1990,and increasing further to an estimated23.5% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 28.8% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Mohave Countyalso existed: in 1993, 9.9% lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 5.5% in 1990): 26.37 lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from13.417 in 1990): and 40.6% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 26.2% in 1990).Some 32.6% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHC.CCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 23.4% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 199homeless children identified at thattime.

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from49.1'7 in 1990 to 41.69k in 1992. whilethe infant mortality rate decreasedfrom 11.4 per 1,000 live births in 1990to 10.6 in 1992. On the other hand, thepercent of low birth-weight birthsincreased from 6.7% of all births in1990 to 7.7% in 1992, as did the percentof newborns receiving intensive careservices (from 2.6% in 1990 to 4.3% in1993). Data further revealed just overhalf (55.4 %) of the county's two year-olds were fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC and CSFP were providedto 3,145 pregnant women, infants, andchildren from low-income families, rep-resenting 76% of those deemed eligiblefor such services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in 1990 nor 1992.Firearm-related deaths among childrenincreased from one in 1990 to fivein1992 while the number of homicide

108Monson institute for Public Policy

victims also increased, from two in1990 to three in 1992. Reported cases ofsexually transmitted diseases amongthose under age 20 increased signifi-cantly from 27 cases in 1990 to 63 in1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 10.11 shows that at least21 residential placements occurred and466 nonresidential services were pro-vided in 1993 (DHS numbers). Childrenfrom Mohave County also receivedthese types of services through otheragencies, but totals cannot be deter-mined due to duplication within andacross agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed from 1,257 in 1990 to1,806 in 1993. Within these reports,3,343 alleged child abuse victims wereidentified in 1993. Active child supportcases handled by DES increased by22%, to 7,404 cases in 1993 (see Table10.10).

Table 10.12 shows 67 children residedin out-of-home care under the jurisdic-tion of the DES Division of Childrenand Family Services during January1993. Children reviewed for placementwithin the state's foster care systemincreased from 30 in 1990 to 46 in1993. Finally, using point-in-time data,three children were placed in out-of-home care by the DES DevelopmentalDisabilities Division in 1993, decreas-ing from six in 1991.


During Fall 1993, Head Start preschoolprograms targeting indigent childrenhad funded enrollment slots for 344students. These children represented41% of the estimated 836 three- andfour-year-olds who lived in poverty inMohave County and would have beeneligible for such services. Preschool spe-

fruaii". fn. P.thlie Pnlfty

cial education services were provided toan additional 189 children.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLMohave County's public schools educat-ed 17,291 students during the 1992/93academic year (up 20% from 1989/90).Of these students, 3.0% were identifiedas being limited English proficient (upfrom 1.5% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 703 (13.0%) in1992 to 843 (16.0%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 21.9% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 10.7). On the other hand, thefour-year graduation rate increasedfrom 54.0% in 1992 to 66.0% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Mohave County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon 4 of 9 assessments in March 1993(see Table 10.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that students in the county

MOHAVE COUNTY

were -average" in their performance inthat approximately 40% scored belowthe 40th percentile on test componentsin 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in MohaveCounty increased slightly from 4.8% ofall such teens in 1990 to 4.9% in 1992.Two teen suicides were reported in1992, up from one in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 2,459 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing1,461 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)decreased from 15.0% of all childrenaged 8-17 in 1990 to 13.0% in 1992, asdid the number of juvenile arrests forviolent crimes (from 58 cases in 1990 to27 in 1992; note: these data includemultiple arrests for some children caus-ing rates to be inflated). On the otherhand, numbers of juveniles committedto DYTR secure correctional facilitiesincreased, from 17 youth in 1990 to 44in 1993.

TABLE 10.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES MOHAVE COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage . -

MohaveCounty Average

Head of Household with HighestEducation less than 9th Grade (1990)

9.0%

-

7.2%




56.4% 42.3%

Poverty (1990)_ -

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 6.9*

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8* 14.3*

" Per 1.000 population.

1 n 978

X11

0ro

ro

TA

BLE

10.

3: C

HIL

D W

ELL

-BE

ING

IND

ICA

TO

RS

& T

RE

ND

SM

OH

AV

E C

OU

NT

Y

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

'985

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

953

)B

ade

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0

1

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty63

51,

675

2,27

517

.826

.628

.8

(0-4

yrs

.; es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty1.

989

4,72

56,

075

14.5

22.2

23.5

(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

549

1,21

42,

614

3.1

5.5

9.9

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

1,86

62,

959

6,92

510

.613

.426

.3

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs )

App

rove

d F

reei

Red

uced

2,07

12,

612

6,17

825

.726

.240

.6

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2J8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

3,52

35,

847

9,32

716

.723

.432

.6

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(101

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

,-19

90.

90

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

373

730

622

38.5

49.1

41.6

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

hwei

ght B

irths

5299

116

5.4

6.7

7.7

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

3865

2.6

4.3

Infa

nt D

eath

srM

orta

lity

Rat

e7

1716

7.2*

11.4

*10

.6*

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

3,14

527

.9

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

55.4

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

.4 y

rs.)

00

00

00

(199

2)(1

992)

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

11

11

11

I

8.3%

5.9% 80

.0%

96.3

%

55.0

%

39.3

%

15.3

% IN

14.9

%

7.0%

i

0%

65.4

%

1

111

9

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

rU

pdat

e Y

ear

Bas

e Y

ear

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

985)

1990

(199

3)R

ate/

100

Rat

e/10

0R

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

ein

crea

se

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

01

50

4.3"

18.8

"(1

992)

(199

2)>

100%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)0

23

08.

9"11

.8"

32.6

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly20

2763

1.0

1.2

2.4

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)10

0%

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

777

1,25

71,

806

4.6

6.1

7.2

18%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

--

3,34

3-

-13

.3

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p11

,221

14,4

1917

,291

-S

tude

nts

Iden

tifie

d as

Lim

ited

196

269

616

1.5

1.5

3.0

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt10

0%

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s--

-0

.0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

703

843

13.0

16.0

23.1

%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

730

701

764

53.0

54.0

66.0

22.2

%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13.1

8 yr

s.)

8014

516

72.

94.

84.

92.

1%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

01

20

19.7

"34

.7-

(199

2)(1

992)

76.1

%

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

938

1,70

61,

661

10.2

15.0

13.0

13.3

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

4458

270.

480.

510.

2158

.8%

Crim

es (

8.17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

1744

-0.

310.

68

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s>

100%

The

"ba

se"

year

is 1

1015

and

the

"upd

ate"

yea

r is

199

3 fo

r al

l ind

icat

ors

unle

ss o

ther

wis

eno

ted

in c

olum

n.

Itata

not

ava

ilabl

e; $

No

tren

d ca

n be

sho

wn;

Per

1,0

(10

live

birt

hs. "

Per

100

,000

.

Cau

tion

shou

ld h

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

l rea

lnum

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rote

per

cent

cha

nges

, Oh

reaw

s,de

eres

ses

to o

r fr

om II

rot

e of

0 a

relis

ted

as 1

00'4

112

113

MOHAVE COUNTY




Mohave County during


prenatal care.

81

TABLE 10.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITYMOHAVE COUNTY

,

Total County 22,400 87% 2,328 9% 830 3% 75 <1% 230 <1% 25.863Racial/EthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 2.229 85% 170 7% 172 7% 24 1% 17 1% 2,612AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 8,091 87% 623 7% 475 5% 55 <1% 83 <1% 9,327Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 4 80% 0 0% 1 20% 0 0% 0 0% 5

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 1,539 93% 78 5% . 28 2% 13 1% 3 <1% 1,661

(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

* Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By comparing the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table), one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 10.5: BIRTH- RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPMOHAVE COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity Year

Late/NoPrenatal

Care


NeonatalIntensive

Care Infants

Births toTeens

(13-18 yrs.)


1992 38% 8% 4% 11%


1992 60% 6% 4% 15%


Births 1992 45% 14% 7% 12%. .

African American 1990 33% NA 33°.Births 1992 80% 40%

Other 1990 57% 14% NA 14%

1992 50% 7% 21% 7%

County Total 1990 49% 7% 3% 10%

1992 41% 8% 4% 11%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g., of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight



Fiscal years 1989/90 and 1992/93.

114

Morncon Institute for Public Poky

t

TABLE 10.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSMOHAVE COUNTY

II e .


CountyMean

StateMean

GRADE 3 Reading (20 pts.) 9.2*_

9.1.

Math (20 pts.) 11.8* 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 4.5 4.8


GRADE 12 Reading (20 pts.). ,_.

9.9* 9.2

Math (20 pts.) 5.9* 5.6


* Above state mean



LANGUAGE 40% 42% 36% 39%

MATH 42% 44% 42% 42%

READING 36% 39% 38% 41%


TABLE 10.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*MOHAVE COUNTY

'1991/92 1992/93

White 11.7% 15.6%


Native American 22.3% . Y :21.9%. ,

African American 226% 17.2%

Other 20.0% 7.9%

* Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades

9-12, what percent dropped out that year).

115

MOHAVE COUNTY

Mohave County students




> As part of an overall dropout



school students in Mohave


1993.

BEST COPY AVAILABLE

82

MOHAVE COUNTY

83


41% of Mohave County's




.

TABLE 10.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOLSERVICES

MOHAVE COUNTY

1990/91 ,;.19913/94 % Change

HEAD START

Arizona Head Start Grantees 294.--






Migrant Child Education 0. 0 0%

Chapter 1 0 0 0%

Even Start 0 0 0%



Total FederaUState-supported Preschool Services 533


Dunn 1993. it is estimated that 836 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Mohave County. of which

344 (41%1 were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start).





41% of the need in Mohave

County.

TABLE 10.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESMOHAVE COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change





Total

52(9/91)

104

1,321

20

1,497

72

50

1,872

109

2,103

38%

-52%

42%

445%

40%

70,- In 1993. there were an estimated 5,161 children in Mohave County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 2,103 state-approved child care spaces in the county (41%

le- Federal and state day erne subsidies were provided to on average of 696 children per month in Fall 1993, repre-

senting 34`,r of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.

116 Momsoo Institute for Public Poky

TABLE 10.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*MOHAVE COUNTY

9/92 9/93 °. Change

AFDC Cases 3,233 4,619 43%

Non-AFDC Cases 2,853 2,785 -2%

Total 6,086 7,404 22%

TABLE 10.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*MOHAVE COUNTY

.

-

Behavioral Health Services, OHS**

Represents total active DES cases(1.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).These are cases known to DES anddo not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.



21

11

3

- - .

466

240

0


Preliminary 1992/93 data.

DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-cents in secure care.

TABLE 10.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*MOHAVE COUNTY

. #




Developmental Disabilities Division, DES"

46 53%

6 3 -50%(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table below) are also a form of out-of-home place-



117

MOHAVE COUNTY

10- In summarizing trend data, 23

of Mohave County's indicators





improvements) for four, and

no change for one.

84

CHAPTER 11:NAVAJO COUNTY

Located in the northeastern part

of the state, Navajo County's pop-

ulation in 1993 was estimated to

be 81,000 (up 4% from 77,658 in

1990). Holbrook is the county

seat and Winslow is the largest

city. Some 55% of the county

consists of reservation land.

I Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Factbook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur only

. alter reviewing relevant sourceamotes sections.

85

avajo County's child population increased 3% from 1990 to 1993 (1% per year)after a growth of only 5% total between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children represented37.8% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for these children continue to be of concern, although someimprovements have occurred since 1990. Of 23 indicators for which trend data wereavailable, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions in most cases) were visiblefor 12. (All indicator data are,presented in Table 11.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 11.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)NAVAJO COUNTY

.; 0

I II

;fII

0

White 10,783 38% 9,875 33% 8% 9,442 31% 4%

Hispanic 2,037 7% 2,218 7% 9% 2,300 8% 4%

Native American 15,220 54% 17,459 59% 15% 18,620 61% 7%

African American 195 1% 168 1% 14% 160 <1% 5%

Other 167 1% 112 <1% 33% 100 <1% 11%

Total 28,402 101%* 29,832 101%* 5 % 30,622 101% 3%


CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Navajo County. Some 33.5% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1980, increasing to 39.7% in 1990. andincreasing further to an estimated40.9% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 48.7% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Navajo Countyalso existed: in 1993, 13.8% lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 9.7% in 1990); 34.1% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from24.7% in 1990); and 54.4% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (down from 56.7% in1990). Some 37.3% of children 19 yearsor younger were enrolled in AHCCCS,the state's indigent health care pro-gram (up from 30.2% in 1991). Finally,1990 census data revealed there were123 homeless children identified at thattime.

118

HEA:',TH AND SAFETYOn a ilsitive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from48.7% in 1990 to 44.6% in 1992, as didthe percent of low birth-weight births(from 7.7% of all births in 1990 to 5.9%in 1992). In addition, the percent ofnewborns receiving intensive care ser-vices decreased from 4.5% in 1990 to3.8% in 1993. On the other hand, theinfant mortality rate increased from11.7 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to12.5 in 1992. Data further revealedthat only slightly more than one-third(35.2%) of the county's two-year-oldswere fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC were provided to 6,533pregnant women, infants, and childrenfrom low-income families, representingonly 46% of those deemed eligible forsuch services.

Other indicators reveal there were twochild drownings in 1992 (up from nonein 1990). Firearm-related deathsamong children decreased from four in


1990 to one in 1992. while the numberof homicide victims also decreased fromone in 1990 to none in 1992. Reportedcases of sexually ;transmitted diseasesamong those under age 20 alsodecreased from 177 cases in 1990 to162 in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 11.11 shows that at least16 residential placements occurred and227 nonresidential services were pro-vided in 1993 ( DHS numbers). Childrenfrom Navajo County also received thesetypes of services through other agen-cies. but totals cannot be determineddue to duplication within and acrossagencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed from 539 in 1990 to 790in 1993. Within these reports, 1.377alleged child abuse victims were identi-fied in 1993. Active child support caseshandled by DES increased by 10%, to7,742 cases in 1993 (see Table 11.10).

Table 11.12 shows 16 children inNavajo County resided in out-of-homecare under the jurisdiction of the DESDivision of Children and FamilyServices during January 1993.Children reviewed for placement withinthe state's foster care system decreasedfrom 17 in 1990 to 11 in 1993. Finally,using point-in-time data, one child wasplaced in out-of-home care by the DESDevelopmental Disabilities Division inboth 1991 and 1993.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 5,734 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there wereonly 1,214 state-approved child carespaces available or 21% of need (seeTable 11.9).

During Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 1,489 students (HeadStart programs had funded enrollmentslots for 1,430 while an additional 59were served in the state-funded At-RiskPilot). These children represented near-ly all of the three- and four-year-olds

who lived in poverty in Navajo Countyand would have been eligible for suchservices. Presch of special educationservices were provided to an additional114 children, while Chapter 1 providedservices to 141 others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLNavajo County's public schools educat-ed 17,212 students during the 1992/93academic year (up 7% from 1989/90). Ofthese students, 29.4% were identifiedas being limited English proficient (upfrom 22.2% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren decreased slightly from 520 (9.6%)in 1992 to 495 (9.5%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns revealAfrican American youth had the high-est dropout rate in that 14.3% of allAfrican American public high schoolstudents in the county dropped out dur-ing 1993 (see Table 11.7). The four-yeargraduation rate also increased from73% in 1992 to 79% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Navajo County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon all 9 assessments in March 1993

NAVAJO COUNTY

(see Table 11.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that well over half of the stu-dents scored below the 40th percentileon all test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in NavajoCounty decreased from 4.6% of all suchteens in 1990 to 4.4% in 1992. One teensuicide was reported in 1992, downfrom two in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 1,372 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing893 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)increased from 5.5% of all childrenaged 8-17 in 1990 to 6.3% in 1992. asdid the number of juvenile arrests forviolent crimes (from 23 cases in 1990 to27 in 1992; note: these data includemultiple arrests for some children caus-ing the rates to be inflated). On theother hand, the rate and number ofjuveniles committed to DYTR securecorrectional facilities decreased.

TABLE 11.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES NAVAJO COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

NavajoCounty Average

Head of Household with Highlst 9.0% 16.7%



Per Capita Personal Income (1991) $16,594 $9,938.


56.4% 70.7%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8* 4.0*

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8* 22.9'


115

TA

BLE

11.

3: C

HIL

D W

ELL

-BE

ING

IND

ICA

TO

RS

&T

RE

ND

S

NA

VA

JO C

OU

NT

Y

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)'19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty2.

670

4,12

54,

225

33.0

46.7

48.7

(0-4

yrs

.: es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty9,

376

11,9

2512

,525

33.5

39.7

40.9

(0-1

7 yr

s.: e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

C0

Fam

ilies

2,36

33,

022

4,41

77.

79.

713

.8

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

6,35

77,

674

10,9

0020

.824

.734

.1

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

5,29

76,

841

7,03

646

.756

.754

.4i

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

190)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

7,96

59,

956

12,5

0b24

.930

.237

.3

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

123

0.39

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

906

961

823

47.8

48.7

44.6

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs10

915

110

85.

87.

75.

9

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

8870

4.5

3.8

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e26

2323

13.7

*11

.7*

12.5

'

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

6,53

351

.2

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

35.2

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs.)

10

211

.4"

022

.8"

(199

2)(1

992)

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

seI

II

4.0%

11

I1

14.3

%

13.0

%

42.3

%

MI3

8.1%

NI

23.5

%

8.4%

23.4

%

15.6

%11

11

6.8%

121

1111

1111

1111

1111

111

100%

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

9 8

5 )

Upd

ate

Yea

r19

90(1

99

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Rat

e/1

00R

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

e'In

crea

se1

II

i1

11

1

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

44

112

.7-

12.3

-3.

0-(1

992)

(199

2)75

.6%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)3

10

9.8*

*3.

2-0

100%

(199

2)(1

992)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly14

517

716

24.

55.

54.

910

.9%

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

531

539

790

1.8

1.8

2.6

44.4

°A

,

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

--

1,37

7--

4 5

(0.1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K -

12)

,

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p15

,173

16,1

6217

,212

--

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d1,

919

4,00

45,

716

11.7

22.2

29.4

32.4

%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s0

0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s52

049

5-

9.6

9.5

1.0%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

924

930

990

71.0

73.0

79.0

8.2%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

178

203

203

4.0

4.6

4.4

,4.

3%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

12

114

.7-

29.1

-13

.4-

54.0

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

704

872

1,03

24.

65.

56.

314

.5%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

1023

270.

060.

140.

1614

.3%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

65

-0.

080.

0625

.0%

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

"bas

e" y

ear

is 1

985

and

the

"upd

ate"

yea

r is

199

3 fo

r al

l ind

icat

ors

unle

ss o

ther

wis

e no

ted

in c

olum

n.

Dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e, H

No

tren

d ca

n be

sho

wn;

Per

1,0

00 li

ve b

irths

;P

er 1

00,0

0(1

Cau

tion

shou

ld b

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

l rea

l num

bers

resu

lt in

larg

e ra

te p

erce

nt c

hang

es; m

reas

esid

ecre

ases

to o

r fr

om a

rat

e of

0 ar

e lis

ted

as 1

00%

.

122

123

MIMINIMMOMMNAVAJO COUNTY




Navajo County during


prenatal care.

89

TABLE 11.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY*NAVAJO COUNTY


AmericanAfrican


Total County 9,442 31% 2,300 8% 18,620 61% 160 <1% 100 <1% 30,622RaciaVEthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 642 15% 242 5% 3,480 79% 45 1% 7 <1% 4,416AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 2,370 19% 649 5% 9,332 75% 90 <1% 64 <1% 12.505Enrollment(0-19 yrs.: 11/93)

Firearm-related 1 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 592 57% 99 10% 316 31% 23 2% 2 <1% 1,032

(8-17 yrs.; 1992)


TABLE 11.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*NAVAJO COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity Year

Late/NoPrenatal

tare


NeonatalIntensive

Care Infants

Births toTeens

(13-18 yrs.)


1992 32% 6% 4% 10%


1992 55% 2% 6% 16%


Births 1992 49% 6% 3% 11%

African American 1990 71% NA 14%

Births 1992 43% 14%

Other 1990 75% NA

1992 25% 25%

County Total 1990 49% 8% 4% 10%

1992 45% 6% 4% 11%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racialie'hnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g., of all births to white women. what percent were low birth weight I.



" Fiscal years 1989,90 and 1992/93


NAVAJO COUNTY

TABLE 11.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSNAVAJO COUNTY

Arizona Student AssessYnent Program (March 1993 Results)

StateMean

> Navajo County studentsAssessment Component(Total Points Possible)

CountyMean

GRADE 3 Reading (20 pts.) 8.7 9.1performed at or below the

Math (20 pts.)

Writing (8 pts.)

11.4

4.7

11.7

4.8 state average on 9 of 9

GRADE 8 Reading (20 pts.) 10.5 10.9 ASAP assessments in 1993.

Math (16 pts.) 4.3 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 5.6 5.6


4 Above state mean

Norm-referenced Testing (Spring 1990 and Fall 1992)*'

County1990

County1992

State1990

State1992

LANGUAGE 49% 57% 36% 39%

MATH 54% 58%. ..

42%.._ _ . .

42%

READING 49% 52% 38% 41%


TABLE 11.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*NAVAJO COUNTY

1

White 5.4% 6.8%

i Hispanic 11.0% 10.4%

i Native American 13.4% 12.3%

African American 10.9% 14.3%

Other 9.1%** 0%

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9-12, what percent dropped out that year).

Involves leas than five individuals.

125

Although the overall dropout



school students in Navajo


1993.

NAVAJO COUNTY

During 1993, it is estimated

that nearly all of Navajo

County's indigent three- and

four-year-olds were served in

comprehensive preschool

programs.

)1- Although state-approved child




21% of the need in Navajo

County.

91

TABLE 11.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESNAVAJO COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 % Change

HEAD START


1,161

0

1,430

Indian Head Start

Migrant Head Start

Head Start Subtotal




Chapter 1 139 141 1%

Even Start 0 0 0%





During 1993, it is estimated that nearly all three and four year olds who lived in poverty in Navajo Countywere served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start, At-Risk Pilot Project).

TABLE 11.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESNAVAJO COUNTY

1990 Fall 1993 % Change

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 136 356 162%(9/91)

Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 164 188 15%

Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 582 660 13%


Total 892 1,214 36%

7/ In 1993. there were an estimated 5.734 children in Navajo County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 1,214 state-approved child care spaces in the county (21% ).

0- Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 417 children per month in Fall 1993, represensing 499k of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.

126Morison Institute for Public Poky

.1

TABLE 11.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*NAVAJO COUNTY

9/92 9/93 % ChangeRepresents total active DES.cases(i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).AFDC Cases 3,785 5,239 38%

These are cases known to DES andNon-AFDC Cases 3,284 2,503 -24% do not include cases where DES


Total 7,069 7,742 10%

TABLE 11.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*NAVAJO COUNTY

Placing and/OrFunding Agency

Residential NonresidentialServices (1992/93) Servig.,es (1992/93)

Behavioral Health Services, DHS**



16 227

13

1

68

1


" Preliminary 1992/93 data." DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-


TABLE 11.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*NAVAJO COUNTY

.-

I




Developmental Disabilities Division, DES" 1 1 0%(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home place-ment in addition to the numbers listed above.


uemmen kiiaul Icr Public Palm

127

NAVAJO COUNTY


of Navajo County's indicators





ing improvements) for 11.

92

CHAPTER 12:PIMA COUNTY

Located in the southern part of

the state, Pima County's popula-


711,000 (up 7% from 666,880 in

1990). Tucson is both the county

seat and the largest city. Some


reservation land.

Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Factbook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlyafter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections.

93

ima County's child population increased 9% from 1990 to 1993 (3% per year) aftera total growth of 17% between 1980 to 1990 (less than 2% per year). In 1993, childrenrepresented 25.5% of the county's population.


TABLE 12.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)PIMA COUNTY

7.11 11 ;$ I 1

White 86,229 60% 90,673 55% 5% 94,980 52% 5%___- -- - ......._._ . . _

Hispanic 44,063 31% 59,754 36% 36% 68,240 38% 14%

Native American 5,243 4% 6.551 4%. 25% 7,550 4% 15%

African American 4,753 3% 6,054 4% 27% 6,825 4% 13%_-_ ..._._.._

Other 2,241 2% 3,166 2% 41% 3,625 2% 14%

Total 142,529 100% 166,198 101%* 17% 181,220 100% 9%

* Does not equal 1009c due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Pima County. Some 15.1% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1980. increasing to 23.8% in 1990. andincreasing further to an estimated24.4% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 28.4% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Pima County alsoexisted: in 1993, 11.3% lived in fami-lies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 8.2% in 1990); 22.9% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from16.2% in 1990); and 48.3% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 38.4% in 1990).Some 26.1% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 22.6% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 788homeless children identified at thattime, while a 1993 ADE survey report-

ed 13,459 (although duplication existswithin the ADE numbers).

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received late orno prenatal care decreased from 36.1%in 1990 to 35.6% in 1992, while theinfant mortality rate decreased from 8.1per 1.000 live births in 1990 to 7.7 in1992. On the other hand, the percent oflow birth-weight births increased from6.3% of all births in 1990 to 7.1% in1992, as did the percent of newbornsreceiving intensive care services (from5.5% of all births in 1990 to 6.1% in1993). Data further revealed that Tessthan half (41.7%) of the county's two-year-olds were fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC and CSFP were providedto 7,397 pregnant women. infants, andchildren from low-income families, rep-resenting only 55% of those deemed eli-gible for such services.

Other indicators reveal there werethree child drownings in 1992 (up from


one in 1990). Firearm-related deathsamong children remained steady at 10each in 1990 and 1992, while homicidevictims increased from five incidents in1990 to 12 in 1992. Reported cases ofsexually transmitted diseases amongthose under age 20 decreased from 859cases in 1990 to 792 in 1992. Finally,the number of diagnosed cases of HIVInfection/AIDS rose from two cases in1985 to 31 in 1993.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 12.11 shows that at least109 residential placements occurredand 3.350 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from Pima County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREAlthough numbers of reports made toDES of alleged child abuse increasedfrom 9,380 in 1990 to 10,009 in 1993,when adjusted for population growth,the rate decreased from 5.7% of all chil-dren in 1990 to 5.6% in 1993. Withinthese reports, 17,515 alleged childabuse victims were identified in 1993.Active child support cases handled byDES increased by 10%, to 51,429 casesin 1993 (see Table 12.10).

Table 12.12 shows 1.142 childrenresided in out-of-home care under thejurisdiction of the DES Division ofChildren and Family Services duringJanuary 1993. Children reviewed forplacement within the state's foster caresystem decreased from 491 in 1990 to388 in 1993. Finally, using point-in-time data, 15 children were placed inout-of-home care by the DESDevelopmental Disabilities Division in1993, decreasing from 24 in 1991.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 35.889 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were29,134 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 81% of need (see Table 12.9).

During Fall 1993, comprehensive

Morrison inslilutillor Public Policy

preschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 1,307 students (HeadStart programs had funded enrollmentslots for 1,092 while an additional 195were served in the state-funded At-RiskPilot and 20 were served in EvenStart). These children represented 21%of the estimated 6,080 three- and four-year-olds who lived in poverty in PimaCounty and would have been eligiblefor such services. Preschool special edu-cation services were provided to anadditional 644 children, while MigrantChild Education and Chapter 1 provid-ed services to 195 others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLPima County's' public schools educated105.838 students during the 1992/93academic year (up 8% from 1989/90). Ofthese students, 14.1% were identifiedas being limited English proficient (upfrom 8.4% in 1990). Migrant serviceswere provided to 70 students, repre-senting 70% of the 100 eligible for suchservice.

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 3,699 (11.4%) in1992 to 4,140 (12.6%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 24.4% of all NativeAmerican public high school students

PIMA COUNTY

in the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 12.7). The four-year gradua-tion rate decreased from 66.0% in 1992to 57.0% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show students performed at orbelow the state average on 7 of 9assessments in March 1993 (see Table12.6). Norm-referenced tests revealedthat nearly half of the students scoredbelow the 40th percentile on all testcomponents in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls increased from3.8% of all such teens in 1990 to 4.4%in 1992. Teen suicides remained steadyat five cases in both 1990 and 1992.

In 1992/93, there were 13,322 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing8,095 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)increased from,12.7% of all childrenaged 8-17 in 1990 to 14.5% in 1992, asdid the number of juvenile arrests forviolent crimes (from 266 cases in 1990to 369 in 1992; note: these data includemultiple arrests for some children caus-ing rates to be inflated). Juveniles com-mitted to DYTR secure correctionalfacilities also increased from 165 youthin 1990 to 237 in 1993.

TABLE 12.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES PIMA COUNTY COMPARE?

- . -





56.4% 57.8%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 6.0'

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8' 16.5'


12994

TA

BLE

12.

3: C

HIL

D W

ELL

-BE

ING

IND

ICA

TO

RS

& T

RE

ND

SP

IMA

CO

UN

TY

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

{199

3)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0

I

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty6.

423

14,0

7515

,425

17.3

27.5

28.4

(0-4

yrs

.; es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty21

,031

39,7

7544

,225

15.1

23.8

24.4

(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

9,80

514

,533

21,1

546.

08.

211

.3

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

21,4

9128

,535

42,8

9513

.216

.222

.9

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

31,3

9637

,998

52,7

7732

.238

.448

.3

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

30,0

1043

,182

52,3

0116

.222

.626

.1

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(101

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

788

0.44

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

5.40

24,

119

4,09

852

.636

.135

.6

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs65

071

781

46.

36.

37.

1

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

628

702

5.5

6.1

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e94

9389

9.1'

8.1

7.7'

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

17,3

9721

.8

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

41.7

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs.)

11

32.

2"1.

9"5.

6"(1

992)

(199

2)

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

1210

106.

9"5.

3"5.

1"(1

992)

(199

2)

Per

cent

Raf

e C

hang

eS

ince

990

Dec

reas

eI

1I

H

1.4%

4.9% 3.

8% I

Incr

ease

3.3%

2.5%

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985'

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3)B

ase

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1990

Rat

e/10

0U

pdat

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

0P

erce

nt R

ate

Cha

nge

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

pI

;;

;III

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)6

512

3.7"

2.8"

6.5"

(199

2)(1

992)

>10

0%

Dia

gnos

ed C

ases

of H

IV2

1831

1.1"

9.5"

15.6

"64

.2%

Infe

ctio

n/A

IDS

(0-

19 y

rs.)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly54

685

979

22.

94.

54.

18.

9% 1

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

'(0 -

17 y

rs.)

5,08

49,

380

10,0

093.

35.

75.

61.

8% I

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

17,5

159.

8

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p89

,557

98,3

6410

5,83

8

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d8.

065

9,35

816

,858

8.2

8.4

14.1

67.9

%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

-70

<0.

01

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

3,69

94,

140

11.4

12.6

1 10

.5%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

5,20

25,

185

5,01

169

.066

.057

.013

.6%

1

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

764

976

1,12

83.

03.

84.

411

15.

8%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

105

521

.8"

10.5

"11

.5".

1 9.

5%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

8,86

711

,045

13,2

6710

.712

.714

.5II

14.2

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

170

266

369

0.21

0.31

0.40

NE

29.

0%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R16

523

70.

390.

52-3

3.3%

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

33

1111

0

'T

he "

base

" ye

ar is

198

5 an

d th

e "u

pdat

e" y

ear

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

s un

less

othe

rwis

e no

ted

in c

olum

n.

Dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e, N

No

tren

d ca

n be

sho

wn;

Per

1,0

00 li

ve b

irths

; * P

er 1

00,0

00

Cau

tion

shou

ld h

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

insm

all r

eal n

umbe

rs r

esul

t in

larg

e ra

te p

erce

nt c

hang

es; i

ncre

ases

/dec

reas

es to

orfr

om a

row

of 0

are

list

ed a

s 10

05.

132

133

PIMA COUNTY

Although slight improve-

ments since 1990 occurred,

36% of those giving birth in

Pima County during 1992

received late or no

prenatal care.

TABLE 12.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY*PIMA COUNTY


AmericanAfrican


Total County 94,980 52% 68,240 38% 7,550 4% 6,825 4% 3,625 2% 181,220RaciaVEthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 6,417 30% 10,662 50% 2,134 10% 1,799 9% 141 1%-

21,153AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 19,386 37% 24,604-

47%- .-

4,309.

8%_

3,038 6% 964_-

2%-

52,301Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 5 50% 3 30% 2 20% 0 0% 0 0% 10

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 6,977 53% 4,982 38% 247 2% 937 7% 124 1% 13,267(8-17 yrs.; 1992)


TABLE 12.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*PIMA COUNTY


1992 26% 7% 7% 6%


1992 47% 7% 6% 14%


Births 1992. 45% 8% 6% 17°,0

African American 1990 44% 10% NA 11%

Births 1992 38% 12% 9% 15%

Other 1990 32% 4% NA 4%

1992 25% 7% 15% 2%

County Total 1990 36% 6% 6% 9%

1992 36% 7% 6% 10%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g., of all births to white women. what percent were low birth weight)



Fiscal yea.-s 1989/90 and 1992'93.

13497 Morrison Institute for Pubic Policy

TABLE 12.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSPIMA COUNTY



CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 11.8* 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 4.8 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 5.1 5.6


' Above state mean

-

State StateCounty

I .

County1990 1992 1990 1992

LANGUAGE 42% 51% 36% 39%

MATH 48% 45% 42% 42%

READING 43% 43% 38% 41%


TABLE 12.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAIJETHNIC POPULATION*PIMA COUNTY

1991/92 1992/93

White 9.1% 9.6%




Other 6.4% 7.3%

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9.12, what percent dropped out that year).

135

PIMA COUNTY

Pima County students







school students in Pima


1993.

-111=11111.11.1....PIMA COUNTY

)1. During 1993, approximately

21% of Pima County's indigent



preschool programs.

Numbers of state-approved

child care spaces increased

by 66% since 1990, covering

an estimated 81% of the need

in Pima County.

TABLE 12.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE- SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICES ,

PIMA COUNTY

1990/91

HEAD START

Arizona Head Start Grantees.

Indian Head Start

Migrant Head Start

Head Start Subtotal

1993/94

768- -324

0

1,092

% Change




Chapter 1 1,250 180 -86%

Even Start 0 20


ADE Subtotal 1,760 1,054 -40%



During 1993. it is estimated that 6.080 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Pima County. of which1.307 (21' t were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start. Even Start. At-Risk Pilot Project].

TABLE 12.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESPIMA COUNTY

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 68 168 147%

(9/91)

Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 1,784 1,715 -4%

Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 15,711 27,092 72°h


Total 17,593 29,134 66%

). In 1993. there were an estimated 35.889 children in Pima County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 29,134 state-approved child care spaces in the county (81' ).

Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 8,020 children per month in Fall 1993, rep-resenting 28' of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.


TABLE 12.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*PIMA COUNTY

9/92 , 9/93 % Change* Represents total active DES cases

(i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation,.AFDC Cases 21.064 26,270 25%These are cases known to DES and

Non-AFDC Cases 25,664 25.159 -2% do not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

Total 46.728 51,429 10%

TABLE 12.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*PIMA COUNTY

.

Behavioral Health Services, DHS**

. . .

109 3,350

Admin. Office of the Courts 89 1,236

Dept. of Youth Treatment and 71 142..Rehabilitation (non-secure)

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and acmes agencies. Datafrom DES and ADE (as reported for the state) could not be broken down to the county level.

' Preliminary 1992/93 data-'** DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-


TABLE 12.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*PIMA COUNTY

% ChangePlacing and/or Funding Agency 1990 1993 '90 to '93

Division of Children and Family Services, DES 1,142(1/93)



Developmental Disabilities Division, DES** 24 15 -38%(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table below) are also a form of out-of-home place-


Foster care placements far abuse, neglect, or abandonment.

137

PIMA COUNTY


of Pima County's indicators





ing improvements in most

cases) for six.

100

----AMMIMMENEMECHAPTER 13:PINAL COUNTY


the state, Pinal County's popula-


125,000 (up 7% from 116,379 in

1990). Florence is the county seat

and Casa Grande is the largest

city. Some 23% of the county

consists of reservation land, and

35% of the land is state-owned.

Note: Important qualifications exist for manyI indicators presented in this Factbook. Data

interpretation and conclusions should occur onlalter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections

101

Pinal County's child population increased 5% from 1990 to 1993 (nearly 2% peryear) after a total growth of 14% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children represented28.7% of the county's population.


TABLE 13.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)PINAL COUNTY


Growth'80 - '90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 -* '93

White 13,800 46% 15,532 46% 13% 16,270 45% 5%

Hispanic 11,572 39% 13,666 40% 18% 14,557 41% 7%. _

Native American 3,326 11% 3,572 10% 7% 3,725 10% 4%

African American 1,080 4% 1,182 3% 9% 1,240. 4% 5%

Other 221 10/0 146 <1% 34% 125 <1% 14%

Total 29,999 101%* 34,098 100% 14% 35,917 101% 5%


CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Pinal County. Some 23.3% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1980, increasing to 32.9% in 1990, andincreasing further to an estimated34.0% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five-was even worse, with anestimated 40.3% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Pinal County alsoexisted: in 1993, 20.3% lived in fami-lies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 16.1% in 1990); 33.7% lived infamilies receiving food stamps (up from25.2% in 1990); and 57.1% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 47.4% in 1991).Some 38.7% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 33.5% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 102homeless children identified at thattime.

138

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from44.9% in 1990 to 38.8%, while the per-cent of low birth-weight births alsodecreased from 6.8% of all births in1990 to 5.8% in 1992. On the otherhand, the infant mortality rateincreased from 8.0 per 1,000 live birthsin 1990 to 8.3 in 1992, as did the per-cent of newborns receiving intensivecare services (from 3.4% of all births in1990 to 4.1% in 1993). Data furtherrevealed that only one in four (26.4% )of the county's two-year-olds were fullyimmunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC and CSFP were providedto 8,300 pregnant women, infants, andchildren from low-income families, rep-resenting nearly 100% of those deemedeligible for such services.

Other indicators reveal that there werethree child drownings in 1992 (up fromnone in 1990). Firearm-related deathsamong children increased from one

Morrison Institute tot Public Policy

incident in 1990 to three in 1992, whilehomicide victims among this same pop-ulation decreased from two in 1990 toone in 1992. Reported cases of sexuallytransmitted diseases among thoseunder age 20 increased from 141 cases(3.8% of the child population) in 1990 to206 (5.3%) in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices. Table 13.11 shows that at least41 residential placements occurred and988 nonresidential services were pro-vided in 1993 (DHS numbers). Childrenfrom Pinal County also received thesetypes of services through other agen-cies, but totals cannot be determineddue to duplication within and acrossagencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed from 1,370 in 1990 to1,961 in 1993. Within these reports,3,788 alleged child abuse victims wereidentified in 1993. Active child supportcases handled by DES increased by17%, to 12.600 cases in 1993 (see Table13.10).

Table 13.12 shows 87 children in PinalCounty resided in out-of-home careunder the jurisdiction of the DESDivision of Children and Family Servicesduring January 1993. Children reviewedfor placement within the state's fostercare system increased from 40 in 1990 to51 in 1993. Finally, using point-in-timedata, eight children were placed in out-of-home care by the DES DevelopmentalDisabilities Division in 1993, decreasingfrom 15 in 1991.


During Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 858 students (HeadStart programs had funded enrollmentslots for 743 while an additional 115were served in the state-funded At-Risk

Pilot). These children represented 56%of the estimated 1,537 three- and four-year-olds who lived in poverty in PinalCounty and would have been eligiblefor such services. Preschool special edu-cation services were provided to anadditional 228 children, while MigrantChild Education and Chapter 1 provid-ed services to 261 others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLPinal County's public schools educated22,888 students during the 1992/93academic year (up 5% from 1989/90). Ofthese students, 6.5% were identified as

.being limited English proficient.Migrant services were provided to1,181 students, representing 65% of the1,827 eligible for such service.

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 1,029 (15.3%) in1992 to 1,116 (16.7%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 28.0% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 13.7). On the other hand, thefour-year graduation rate increasedfrom 61.0% in 1992 to 64.0% in 1993.

PINAL COUNTY

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Pinal County studentsperformed at or below the state averageon all nine assessments in March 1993(see Table 13.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that at least half of the stu-dents scored below the 40th percentileon the test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in Pinal Countydecreased from 6.9% of all such teens in1990 to 6.5% in 1992. Two teen suicidesoccurred in 1992, up from none in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 2,293 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing1.501 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)increased from 10.0% of all childrenaged 8-17 in 1990 to 12.8% in 1992. asdid the number of juvenile arrests forviolent crimes (from 65 cases in 1990 to136 in 1992; note: these data includemultiple arrests for some children caus-ing rates to be inflated). On the otherhand, juveniles committed to DYTRsecure correctional facilities decreasedfrom 26 youth in 1990 to 19 in 1993.

TABLE 13.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES PINAL COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

PinalCounty Average





56.4% 77.6%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 5.9'

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8* 16.7*

" Per 1,000 population.

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143

PINAL COUNTY

) Although improvements



Pinal County during 1992

received late or no

prenatal care.

105

TABLE 13.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACEIETHNICITY*PINAL COUNTY


AmericanAfrican


Total County 16,270 45% 14,557 41% 3,725 10% 1,240 4% 125 <1% 35,917RaciaVEthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 2,585 34% 2,785 37% 1,581 21% 642 8% 15 <1% 7,608AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 5,181T

34%--

6,297 41%- J--

2,662 17%-

917 6% 297 2% 15.354Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 1 33% 2 67% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 3Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 1,037 42% 1,024 41% 161 6% 253 10% 4 <1% 2,479(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

* Represents the racial/ethnic distribution of a given indicator. By companng the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table). one can get a sense of whether certaingroups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 13.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*PINAL COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity Year

Late/NoPrenatal

Care


NeonatalIntensive

Care Infants**

Births toTeens

(13-18 yrs.)

White Births 1990 36% 7% NA 110,6

1992 28% 6% 4% 14%

Hispanic Births 1990 53% 7% NA 22%1992 45% 6% 5% 19%

Native American 1990 50 °e 5% NA 17%Births 1992 45% 30,0 3% 18%

African American 1990 51% 16% NA 21%Births 1992 63% 12% 5% 27%

Other 1990 55% 9% NA1992 71% 7% 14% 7%

County Total 1990 45% 7% 3% 16%1992 39% 6% 4% 17%

' ('hart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g.. of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight(



Fiscal years 1989 911 and 1992/93


.1

TABLE 13.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSPINAL COUNTY


lb

CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 11.1 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 4.2 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 4.6 5.6


Above state mean



LANGUAGE_ .

47% 59% 36% 39%

MATH 55% 54% 42% 42%

READING 49% 51% 38% 41%

Percent of all students taking test sconng below the 40th percentile.

TABLE 13.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAUETHN1C POPULATION*PINAL COUNTY

White

1991/92 1992/93

11.2%

Hispanic

Native American

African American

Other

17.0%

25.2%

29.2%

19.5%

PINAL COUNTY

Pinal County students


state average on all nine

ASAP assessments in 1993:

14.5% .> As part of an overall dropout

15.7% rate increase, 28.0% of all

28.0% Native American public high

25.8% school students in Pinal

14.8%** County dropped.out during



145

1993.

Ina

PINAL COUNTY


56% of Pinal County's indigent

three- and four year -olds were


preschool programs.

107

TABLE 13.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESPINAL COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 % Change

HEAD START



Migrant Head Start 43. _



Special Education 77 228 196%. .

Migrant Child Education 21

Chapter 1 71 240 238%

Even Start 0 0 0%- - _

At-Risk Pilot Project 20 115 475%_ _ _

ADE Subtotal 604- _ - - ^



During 1993, it is estimated that 1,537 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Pinal County. of which 858(56%) were served in comprehensive preschool progiams (Head Start. At-Risk Pilot Project).

TABLE 13.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESPINAL COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change


156 550%


care spaces increased by 25%Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 272 227 -17°/0



Spaces in OHS Licensed Child Care Centers 1,380 1.688 22%


32% of the need in Pinal

County. Total 1,686 2,101 25%

*. In 1993, there were an estimated 6,561 children in Pinal County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 2,101 state-approved child care spaces in the county (32,4

Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 725 children per month in Fall 1993. repre-senting 37% of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.

146Morrison IrrsOttne for Public Pol:cy

.1

TABLE 13.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*PINAL COUNTY

* Represents tc.ta.I active DES cases

AFDC Cases

9/92

5,213

9/93

7,472

Change (i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).43%These are cases known to DES and

Non-AFDC Cases 5.581 5,128 -8% do not include cases where DESIntervention was not sought.

Total 10,794 12,600 17%

TABLE 13.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*PINAL COUNTY

. .

Behavioral Health Services, DNS!' 41 988




* The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies. Datafrom DES and ADE (as reported for the state) could not be broken down to the county level.

" Preliminary 1992/93 data.*** DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-


TABLE 13.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*PINAL COUNTY

Placing and/or Funding Agency% Change

1990 1993 '90 to '93

Division of Children and Family Services, DES

Foster Care Review Board, Admin.Office of the Courts (new placements)

Developmental Disabilities Division, DES**

40

87(1/93)

51 11%

15 8 -47%(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home place.



f -.ukYW aaa.. Ordiew

147

PINAL COUNTY

.v In summarizing trend data, 23

of Pinal County's indicators





improvements) for five, and no

change for one.

108

-111MEMEMMIEMCHAPTER 14:SANTA CRUZ COUNTY


the state, Santa Cruz County's


to be 33,500 (up 13% from

29,676 in 1990). Nogales, both

the county seat and the largest

city, serves as a major gateway

between the U.S. and Mexico.

There is no reservation land in

the county. but 53% of the land is

owned by the U.S. Forest

Service.

Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Factbook. Datainterpretation and conclusions should occur onlyafter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections.

109

Santa Cruz County's child population increased 15% from 1990 to 1993 (5% peryear) after a total growth of 37% between 1980 to 1990 (less than 4% per year). In1993, children represented 35.0% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for this growing number of children continue to be of concern,although some improvements have occurred since 1990. Of 23 indicators for whichtrend data were available, increased rates were visible for 14. (All indicator data arepresented in Table 14.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 14.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)SANTA CRUZ COUNTY


Growth'80 90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 '93

White 1,200 16% 1,256 12% 5% 1,300 11% 4%

Hispanic 6,157 83% 8,853 87% 44% 10,308 88% 16%

Native American 3 <1% 4 <1% 33% 5 0% 25%

African American 18 <1% 19 <1% 6% 20 <1% £%

Other 44 1% 73% 1% 66% 82 <1% 12%

Total 7,422 101%* 10,205 101%* 37% 11,715 100% 15%


CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Santa Cruz County. Some23.5% of the county's children lived inpoverty in 1980. increasing to 35.0% in1990. and increasing further to an esti-mated 36.1% in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Santa CruzCounty also existed: in 1993. 7.9%lived in families receiving AFDC assis-tance (up from 5.2% in 1990); 23.1%lived in families receiving food stamps(up from 18.3% in 1990); and 59.3% ofthe county's public school children par-ticipated in the federal free andreduced-cost lunch program (up from58.8% in 1990). Some 30.4% of children19 years or younger were enrolled inAHCCCS, the state's indigent healthcare program (up from 26.3% in 1991).Finally, 1990 census data revealedthere were two homeless children iden-tified at that time.

1 4 S

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from54.1% in 1990 to 49.7% in 1992, theinfant mortality rate decreased from10.2 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to,3.3in 1992, and the percent of low birth-weight births decreased from 7.5% ofall births in 1990 to 5.5% in 1992. Onthe other hand, the percent of all new-borns receiving intensive care servicesincreased from 2.4% in 1990 I0 3.1% in1993. Data further revealed that justslightly more than half (52.8% ) of thecounty's two-year-olds were fullyimmunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC were provided to 1,813pregnant women, infants, and childrenfrom low-income families, representing61% of those deemed eligible for suchservices.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings, firearm-related

Morrison Instauto for Public Policy

I

deaths, or homicides in 1990 or 1992.Reported cases of sexually transmitteddiseases among those under age 20decreased from eight cases in 1990 tothree in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 14.11 shows that at leastseven residential placements occurredand 224 nonresidential services wereprovided in 1993 (DHS numbers).Children from Santa Cruz County alsoreceived these types of services throughother agencies, but totals cannot bedetermined due to duplication withinand across agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREAlthough numbers of reports made toDES of alleged child abuse increasedfrom 209 in 1990 to 232 in 1993, whenadjusted for population growth, therate decreased from 2.1% Of all childrenin 1990 to 2.0% in 1993. Within thesereports, 366 alleged child abuse victimswere identified in 1993. Active childsupport cases handled by DESincreased by 20%, to 1,528 cases in1993 (see Table 14.10).

Table 14.12 shows 11 children in SantaCruz County resided in out-of-homecare under the jurisdiction of the DESDivision of Children and FamilyServices during January 1993.Children reviewed for placement withinthe state's foster care system decreasedfrom 10 in 1990 to four in 1993.

EARLY CARE AND EDUCATIONIn 1993, an estimated 2,341 childrenunder age six lived in single or two-par-ent working households (and thereforerequired child care), while there were666 state-approved child care spacesavailable or 28% of need (see Table14.9).

During Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 160 students in SantaCruz County (Head Start programs hadfunded enrollment slots for 140 whilean additional 20 were served in EvenStart). These children represented 31%of the estimated 510 three- and four-year-olds who lived in poverty in Santa

Mar ri1C11 inatnarte for Put4c Policy

Cruz County and would have been eli-gible for such services. Preschool spe-cial education services were provided toan additional 37.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLSanta Cruz County's public schoolseducated 7,608 students during the1992/93 academic year.(up 12% from1989/90). Of these students, 69.4%were identified as being limited Englishproficient (up from 37.8% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 278 (12.2%) in1992 to 418 (17.2%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns revealHispanic youth had the highest dropoutrate in that 17.4% of all Hispanic publichigh school students in the countydropped out during 1993 (see Table14.7). On a positive note, the four-yeargraduation rate improved from 57.0%in 1992 to 73.0% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Santa Cruz County stu-dents performed at or below the stateaverage on 5 of 9 assessments in March

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

1993 (see Table 14.6). Norm-referencedtests revealed close to 60% of the stu-dents scored below the 40th percentileon test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in Santa CruzCounty increased from 3.8% of all suchteens in 1990 to 5.6% in 1992. Therewere no teen suicides in either 1990 or1992.

In 1992/93, there were 540 referrals to .

state juvenile courts, representing 381individual children. The rate of juvenilearrests (not including those occurringon Indian reservations) increased from3.9% of all children aged 8-17 in 1990to 5.6% in 1992, as did the number ofjuvenile arrests for violent crimes (from15 cases in 1990 to 28 in 1992; note:these data include multiple arrests forsome children causing rates to beinflated). Numbers of juveniles commit-ted to DYTR secure correctional facili-ties also increased, from 15 youth in1990 to 36 in 1993.

TABLE 14.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES SANTA CRUZ COUNTY COMPARE?

.






56.4% 46.2%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8* 4.6*

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8* 29.2*

* Per 1,000 population.

149BEST COPY AVAILABLE 110

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-17

yrs.

; est

imat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

479

559

954

5.3

5.2

7.9

51.9

%

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

1,99

51,

955

2,78

621

.918

.323

.1M

N26

.2%

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

3.49

83,

752

4,65

962

.558

.859

.31.

0%

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

hs (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

2,01

63,

121

3,96

519

.026

.330

.415

.6%

(0.1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

)(7

11/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

20.

02

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

236

424

451

46.0

54.1

49.7

8.1%

1P

rena

tal C

are

(199

2)(1

992)

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs46

5950

9.0

7.5

5.5

26.7

% M

I(1

992)

(199

2)

New

born

s in

- In

tens

ive

Car

e P

rogr

am19

282.

43.

1M

E 2

9.2%

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e4

83

7.6'

10.2

'3.

3*67

.6%

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

1,81

333

.6(W

IC &

CS

FP

wom

en, i

nfan

tsan

d ch

ildre

n)

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s-

--

-52

.8

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs.)

00

00

00

0%15

1(1

992)

(199

2)

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

98

5 )

Upd

ate

Yea

r19

90(1

99

3')

Bas

e Y

ear

1990

Upd

ate'

ear

Rat

e/10

0R

ate/

100

Rat

e/10

0P

erce

nt R

ate

Cha

nge

Sin

ce 1

990

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

00

00

00

(199

2)(1

992)

0%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)0

00

00

00%

(199

2)(1

992)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly12

83

1.1

0.7

0.2

71.4

%

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

171

209

232

1.9

2.1

2.0

4.8%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

---

366

--

3.2

(0.1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p5,

707

6,81

07,

608

--

-S

tude

nts

Iden

tifie

d as

Lim

ited

1,56

12,

844

5,61

426

.437

.869

.4

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt83

.6%

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

-0

---

0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

278

418

-12

.217

.241

.0%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

390

350

373

73.0

57.0

73.0

28.1

%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

3061

982.

13.

85.

647

.4%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15.

19 y

rs.)

00

00

00

0%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8:

17 y

rs.)

281

229

343

5.9

3.9

-5.

643

.6%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

615

280.

130.

260.

46

Crim

es (

8.17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)76

.9%

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R-

1536

-0.

531.

1

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

>10

0%

'T

he "

base

" ye

ar is

198

5 an

d th

e "u

pdat

e" y

ear

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

s un

less

oth

erw

ise

note

d in

col

umn.

Dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e; #

No

tren

d ca

n be

sho

wn;

Per

1,0

00 li

ve b

irths

, ' P

er 1

00,0

00.

Cau

tion

shou

ld b

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

ssi

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

l rea

l num

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

chan

ges;

incr

ease

s/de

crea

ses

to o

r fr

om a

rat

eof

0 a

re h

ated

as

100%

.

152

153

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY




Santa Cruz County during


prenatal care.

113

TABLE 14.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY*SANTA CRUZ COUNTY


AmericanAfrican



Children in 24 2% 930 98% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 954AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 95 2% 3,856 97% 1 <1% 0 0% 13 <1% 3,965Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 17 5% 326 95% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 343(8-17 yrs.: 1992)


TABLE 14.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

Race/Ethnicity Year

Late/NoPrenatal

Care


NeonatalIntensive

Care Infants

Births toTeens

(,13-18 yrs.)


1992 29% 3% 5%


1992 52% 6% 3% 11%

Native American 1990 NA

Births 1992 100%


Births 1992 67%

Other 1990 NA

1992

County Total 1990 54% 8% 2% 8%

1992 50% 6% 3% 11%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurred(e.g., of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight)



" Fiscal years 1989'90 and 1992/93

' Less than five total births in 1992.

154Momson Institute for PubItc Po4r7y

TABLE 14.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSSANTA CRUZ COUNTY



CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 11.9* 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 3.9 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 4.7 5.6


Above state mean

Norm-referenced Testing (Spring 1990 and Fall 1992)0

County1990

County1992

State1990

State1992

LANGUAGE 51% 65% 36% 39%

MATH 60% 57% 42% 42%

READING 57% 56% 38% 41%


TABLE 14.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATIONSANTA CRUZ COUNTY

White 6.3%

Hispanic 12.6%

Native American 0%

African American 0%

Other 50.0%

14.5%

17 4%

0%

0%

12.5% *



155

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

Santa Cruz County students







students in Santa Cruz County


114

"1.11.111111.111111111=SANTA CRUZ COUNTY


31% of Santa Cruz County's

indigent three- and, four-year-



115

TABLE 14.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICES

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 % Change

HEAD START


Indian Head Start 0




Special Education 13 37 1 8 5%


Chapter 1 0 0 0%

Even Start 0 20

At-Risk Pilot Project 0 0 0%-- - . _

ADE Subtotal 13 57 338%_ -



s During 1993. it is estimated that 510 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Santa Cruz County. of which160 (31%) were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start, Even Start).

TABLE 14.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESSANTA CRUZ COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change


8 0%



Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 132 162 23%

since 1990, total spacesSpaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 347 496 43%

covered only an estimated Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 0 0 0%

28% of the need in SantaTotal 487 666 36%

Cruz County.1. In 1993, there were an estimated 2.341 children in Santa Cruz County under age six living in two-parent or

singleparent working households, while there were 666 state-approved child care spaces in the county (28% /.

Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an overage of 167 children per month in Fall 1993, repre-

senting 25% of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county


TABLE 14.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASES*SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

9/92 9/93 "". Change

AFDC Cases 817 1,077 32%

Non-AFDC Cases 458 451 -2%

Total 1,275 1,528 20%

TABLE 14.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

.


Represents total active DES cases(i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation).These are cases known to DES anddo not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

' " .

7 224


' Dept. of Youth Treatment and 0


The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies. Data

from DES and ADE (u reported for the state) could not be broken down to the county level.

preliminary 1992/93 data.

DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-


TABLE 14.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

. -



$

10

Developmental Disabilities Division, DES 0

-60%

0 0%

(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home place-



157

SANTA CRUZ COUNTY

) In summarizing trend data, 23

of Santa Cruz County's indica-





improvements) for five, and

no changes for four.

116

CHAPTER 15:YAVAPAI COUNTY

Located in the west central part of

the state, Yavapai County's popu-


be 119,900 (up 11% from 107,714

in 1990). Prescott is both the

county seat and the largest city.

Some 38% of the county is

owned by the U.S. Forest Service

and 27% is state-owned.

Note: Important qualifications exist fur manyindicators presented in this Factbook. DataInterpretation and conclusions should occur onlyafter reviewing relevant sources/notes sections.

117

Yavapai County's child population increased 13% from 1990 to 1993 (over 4% peryear) after a total growth of 41% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children represented21.9% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for these children continue to be of concern, although someimprovements have occurred since 1990. Of 23 indicators for which trend data wereavailable, increased rates (depicting worsening conditions) were visible for 14. (Allindicator data are presented in Table 15.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 15.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)YAVAPAI COUNTY

Race!Ethnicity 1980 1990

Growth'80 '90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 --+ '93

White 14,358 87% 19,928 86% 39% 22,455 86% 13%

Hispanic 1,623 10% 2,455 11% 51% 2,865 11% 17%

Native American 351 2% 550 2% 57% 655 3% 19%


Other 120 1% 165 1% 38% 185 <1% 12%. . .

Total 16,499 101 %' 23,184 101%* 41% 26,265 101% 13%


CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Yavapai County. Some 15.4%of the county's children lived in povertyin 1980, increasing to 18.5% in 1990,and increasing further to an estimated19.3% in 1993. The status of childrenunder age five was even worse, with anestimated 24.5% having lived in pover-ty in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Yavapai Countyalso existed: in 1993, 7.4% lived infamilies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 5.8% in 1990); 18.3% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from11.9% in 1990); and 36.3% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 31.9% in 1990).Some 21.9% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 19.0% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 215homeless children identified at thattime.

158

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from34.7% of all births in 1990 to 33.2% in1992, as did the percent of newbornsreceiving intensive care services (goingfrom 3.0% in 1990 to 2.4% in 1993). Onthe other hand, the infant mortalityrate increased from 6.6 per 1,000 livebirths in 1990 to 7.0 in 1992, while thepercent of low birth-weight births alsoincreased from 6.8% of all births in1990 to 7.0% in 1992. Data furtherrevealed that only slightly more thanone-third (38.2 %) of the county's two-year-olds were fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC and CSFP were providedto 3,000 pregnant women, infants, andchildren from low-income families, rep-resenting 78% of those deemed eligiblefor such services.

Other indicators reveal that there wereno child drownings in 1992 (down fromone in 1990). Firearm-related deathsamong children decreased from three in


r--t

1990 to two in 1992, while homicidevictims among this same populationremained steady at one each in 1990and 1992. Reported cases of sexuallytransmitted diseases among thoseunder age 20 also decreased from 55cases in 1990 to 47 in 1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 15.11 shows that at least11 residential placements occurred and559 nonresidential services were pro-vided in 1993 (DHS numbers). Childrenfrom Yavapai County also receivedthese types of services through otheragencies, but totals cannot be deter-mined due to duplication within andacross agencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed from 911 to 1,150.Within these reports, 1,767 allegedchild abuse victims were identified in1993. Active child support cases han-dled by DES increased by 24% to 6,176cases in 1993 (see Table 15.10).

Table 15.12 shows 104 children residedin out-of-home care under the jurisdic-tion of the DES Division of Childrenand Family Services during January1993. Children reviewed for placementwithin the state's foster care systemincreased from 33 in 1990 to 44 in1993. Finally, using point-in-time data,five children were placed in out-of-home care by the DES DevelopmentalDisabilities Division in 1993, decreas-ing from eight in 1991.


During Fall 1993, Head Start preschoolprograms targeting indigent childrenhad 197 funded enrollment slots (nosimilar state-supported program wasoffered). These children served repre-sented 30% of the estimated 664 three-and four-year-olds who lived in povertyin Yavapai County and would have

been eligible for such services.Preschool special education serviceswere provided to an additional 120 chil-dren, while Chapter 1 provided servicesto 12 others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLYavapai County's public schools edu-cated 17,476 students during the1992/93 academic year (up 13% from1989/90). Of these students, 2.3% wereidentified as being limited English pro-ficient (up from 1.2% in 1990).

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren increased from 517 in 1992 to 542in 1993, although the rate remainedsteady for both years at 10.0%.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 19.0% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 15.7). The four-year gradua-tion rate increased from 71.0% in 1992to 72.0% in 1993.

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Yavapai County studentsperformed at or below the state average

YAVAPAI COUNTY

on 2 of 9 assessments in March 1993(see Table 15.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that the students in the coun-ty were "average" in their performancein that approximately 40% scoredbelow the 40th percentile on the testcomponents in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in YavapaiCounty increased from 2.6% of all suchteens in 1990 to 3.5% in 1992. No teensuicides occurred in 1992, down fromtwo in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 1,606 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing1,139 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian reservations)increased slightly from 9.1% of all chil-dren aged 8-17 in 1990 to 9.3% in 1992,as did the numbers of juveniles com-mitted to DYTR secure correctionalfacilities (from nine youth in 1990 to 12in 1993) (note: these data include mul-tiple arrests for some children causingrates to be inflated). On the other hand,juvenile arrests for violent crimesdecreased from 51 cases in 1990 to 48in 1992.

TABLE 15.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES YAVAPAI COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

YavapaiCounty Average





_


56.4% 71.1%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8' 6.1'

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8' 11.3*


159118

TA

BLE

15.

3: C

HIL

D W

ELL

-BE

ING

IND

ICA

TO

RS

& T

RE

ND

SY

AV

AP

AI C

OU

NT

Y

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3')

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

I

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty66

61,

400

1,65

015

.823

.024

.5

(0-4

yrs

.; es

timat

e)(1

980)

(198

0)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty2.

517

4,30

05,

075

15.4

18.5

19.3

(0-1

7 yr

s.; e

stim

ate)

(198

0)(1

980)

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

730

1,40

71,

998

3.5

5.8

7.4

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

2.08

42,

919

4,95

99.

911

.918

.3

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

2,88

03,

882

5,79

925

.731

.936

.3

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

(2/8

8)(2

190)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

3,11

85,

123

6.43

112

.619

.021

.9

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

215

0.88

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

334

423

429

30.7

34.7

33.2

Pre

nata

l Car

e(1

992)

(199

2)I

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs69

8391

6.3

6.8

7.0

(199

2)(1

992)

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

3731

3.0

2.4

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e9

89

8.3'

6.6'

7.0'

(199

2)(1

992)

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

3,00

0-

-30

.5

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

1

Com

plet

e Im

mun

izat

ions

amon

g 2-

year

-old

s

38.2

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs.)

01

00

16.3

"0

100%

(199

2)(1

992)

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

ein

crea

se

6.5%

4.3%

27.6

% 53.8

%

13.8

%

15.3

%

4.3%

20.0

%

2.9%

6.1%

161

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

985

)19

90U

pdat

e Y

ear

(199

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e /1

0019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

33

213

.5**

11.5

"7.

1"I

(199

2)(1

992)

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)2

11

9.5"

4.0"

3.8*

*

(199

2)(1

992)

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly49

5547

2.0

2.1

1.7

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

842

911

1,15

04.

24.

04.

5

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

1,76

76.

9

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

N IN

SC

HO

OL

(GR

AD

ES

K-1

2)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p12

,681

15,5

0017

,476

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d51

210

437

0.4

1.2

2.3

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s0

0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s51

754

210

.010

.0

(gra

des

9.12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

828

791

864

72.0

71.0

72.0

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

9192

135

2.8

2.6

3.5

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

12

017

.9"

31.1

"0

! 100

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

(8.

17 y

rs )

1,15

61,

197

1,33

810

,49.

19.

3

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

3051

480.

270.

390.

33

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R9

120.

140.

16

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eI

II

38.3

%

5.0%

19.0

%

Incr

ease

II

II

12.5

%

91.7

%

0% 1.4%

15.4

% U

NM

34.

6%

12.2

%

14.3

%

'T

he "

base

" ye

ar is

199

5 an

d th

e "u

pdat

e" y

ear

is 1

993

for

all i

ndic

ator

s un

less

oth

erw

ise

note

d in

col

umn.

Ibita

not

ava

ilabl

e; N

No

tren

d ca

n be

sho

wn;

Per

1,0

00 li

ve b

irths

,P

er 1

00,0

00

Cau

tion

shou

ld b

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

l rea

lnu

mbe

rs r

esul

t in

larg

e ra

te p

erce

nt c

hang

es; i

ncre

ases

/dec

reas

es to

or

from

a r

ate

of0

are

liste

d as

100

%.

162

163

YAVAPAI COUNTY




Yavapai County during


prenatal ( ire.

121

TABLE 15.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY*YAVAPA1COUNTY



Total County 22,455 86% 2,865 11% 655 3% 105 <1% 185 <1% 26,265RaciaVEthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

Children in 1,623 81% 248 12% 104 5% 19 1% 4 <1% 1,998AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.; 9/93)

AHCCCS 5,378 84% 675 11% 275 4% 33 <1% 70 1%-

6,431


Firearm-related 1 50% 1 50% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 1,187 89% 90 7% '3% 18 1% 2 <1% 1,338

(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

Represents the racial/ethnic distnbution of a given indicatoi. By comparing the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table), one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately higher orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 15.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*YAVAPAI COUNTY

Late /No. Low Birth Neonatal Births toPrenatal Weight Intensive Teens



1992 31% 7% 2% 9%


1992 46% 6% 3% 20%


Births 1992 46% 8%

African American 1990 67% NA

Births*" 1992 50% 50%

Other 1990 33% NA

1992 50%

County Total 1990 35% 7% 3% 8%

1992 33% 7% 2% 10%11111=1,

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racialiethnic category for which a given indicator occurredto g., of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight).



* Fiscal years 1989/90 and 1992/93.

*** Less than five total births in 1992.

164Morrison institute for Public Policy

TABLE 15.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTSYAVAPAI COUNTY

e- .


.

CountyMean

StateMean

GRADE 3 Reading (20 pts.) 9.1

M19.1

Math (20 pts.) 12.3' 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 4.9' 4.8


GRADE 12 Reading (20 pts.) 9.8' 9.2

Math (20 pts.) 6.5' 5.6


Above state mean-,

Norm-referenced Testing (Spring 1990 and Fall 1992)A

StateCounty County State1990 1992 1990 1992

LANGUAGE 36% 50% 36% 39%

MATH 40% 38% 42% 42%

READING 31% 34% 38% 41%


TABLE 15.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAUETHNIC POPULATIONYAVAPAI COUNTY

1991/92 1992/93

White 9.6% 9.7%



African American 13.3W* 15.0%**

Other 14.3%** 2.9%*

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades9-12, what percent dropped out that year).


165

YAVAPAI COUNTY

Yavapai County students


average on only 2 of 9 ASAP


Although the overall dropout

rate remained steady, 19.0%

of all Native American public

high school students in

Yavapai County dropped out

during 1993.

122

YAVAPAI COUNTY


30% of Yavapai County's








50% of the need in Yavapai

County.

123

TABLE 15.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAL/STATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESYAVAPAI COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 % Change

HEAD-START


Indian Head Start 0






Chapter 1 0 12

Even Start 0 0 0%

At-Risk Pilot Project 15 0 -100%. .




.>"- During 1993. it is estimated that 664 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Yavapai County, of which197 children (309) were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start, At-Risk Pilot Project).

TABLE 15.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CARE SPACESYAVAPAI COUNTY

1990 1993 % Change .

Spaces in ADE Alternate Approval Homes 104 192 85%(9/91)

Spaces in DES Certified Family Day Care Homes 92 16 -83%

Spaces in DHS Licensed Child Care Centers 1,794 2,039 14%

Spaces in DHS Certified Day Care Group Homes 0 20

Total 1,990 2,267 14%

70* In 1993. there were an estimated 4.507 children in Yavapai County under age six living in two-parent or single-

parent working households. while there were 2.267 state-approved child care spaces in the county(50% ).

0- Federal and state day core subsidies were provided to an average of 529 children per month in Fall 1993, repre-senting 25% of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.

166 Morrison institute for Public Policy

TABLE 15.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASESYAVAPAI COUNTY

9/92 9/93 °. ChangeRepresents total active DES cases(i.e., those involving the establish-ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation,.These are cases known to DES anddo not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

AFDC Cases

Non-AFDC Cases

Total

2,269

2.722

4,991

3,199

2,977

6,176

41%

9%

24%

TABLE 15.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*YAVAPAI COUNTY

. .


- - .



11

20

10

559

466

0


" Preliminary 1992/93 data.* DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles- I


TABLE 15.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*YAVAPAI COUNTY

.



Developmental DisabilitieS Division, DES**

I

104(1/93)

1

33 44 33%

8 5(12/23/91) (12/31/93)

38%

No data available.

The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services (as reported in the table above) are also a form ofout-of-home place-ment in addition to the numbers listed above.


neriann in fiv ,* Mr Pricy

167REST COPY AVAIIABLE

YAVAPAI COUNTY


of Yavapai County's indicators





improvements) for eight, and

no change for one.

124

CHAPTER 16:YUMA COUNTY

Located in the southwestern part

of the state, Yuma County's popu-


be 116,500 (up 9% from 106,895

in 1990). The city of Yuma is both

the county seat and the largest

city. Public lands comprise 68%

of the county area.

Note: Important qualifications exist for manyindicators presented in this Factbook. Datainterpreuition and conclusions should occur onlyalter rl.VIFking relevant sources,notes sections

125

Yuma County's child population increased 10% from 1990 to 1993 (over 3% peryear) after a total growth of 10% between 1980 to 1990. In 1993, children represented29.9% of the county's population.

Overall conditions for this growing number of children continue to be of concern,although some improvements have occurred since 1990. Of 23 judicators for whichtrend data were available, increased rates were visible for 19. (All indicator data arepresented in Table 16.3 unless otherwise noted).

TABLE 16.1: CHILD POPULATION (0-17 YEARS)YUMA COUNTY


Growth'80 '90

1993(estimate)

Growth'90 '93

White 14,385 50% 12,279 39% 15% 12,181 35% <1%

Hispanic 12,101 42% 17,667 56% 46% 20,800 60% 18%

Native American 1,109 4% 409 1% 63% 450 1% 10%

African American 691 2% 843 3% 22% 935 3% 11%

Other 434 2% 411 1% 50/0 420 1% 2%

Total 28,720 100% 31,609 100% 10% 34,786 100% 10%

Does not equal 1004, due to rounding.

CHILD POVERTYPoverty continues to be a significantfactor in the decline of children's well-being in Yuma County. Some 21.3% ofthe county's children lived in poverty in1980, increasing to 28.7f in 1990. andincreasing further to an estimated29.9% in 1993.

Other indicators of economic distressaffecting children in Yuma County alsoexisted: in 1993, 11.7% lived in fami-lies receiving AFDC assistance (upfrom 7.0% in 1990); 30.7% lived in fam-ilies receiving food stamps (up from18.8% in 1990); and 58.4% of the coun-ty's public school children participatedin the federal free and reduced-costlunch program (up from 57.4% in 1990).Some 35.9% of children 19 years oryounger were enrolled in AHCCCS, thestate's indigent health care program(up from 26.4% in 1991). Finally, 1990census data revealed there were 153homeless children identified at thattime.

168

HEALTH AND SAFETYOn a positive note, the percent ofwomen giving birth who received lateor no prenatal care decreased from58.8% in 1990 to 46.4% in 1992, theinfant mortality rate decreased from6.9 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 5.0in 1992, and the percent of low birth-weight births decreased from 5.0% in1990 to 4.5% in 1992. On the otherhand, the percent of newborns receiv-ing intensive care services increasedfrom 4.2% in 1990 to 5.3% in 1993.Data further revealed that less thanhalf (41.8 %) of the county's two-year-olds were fully immunized.

Supplemental nutrition servicesthrough WIC were provided to 5,210pregnant women, infants, and childrenfrom low-income families, representingonly 65% of those deemed eligible forsuch services.

Other indicators reveal that there wasone child drowning in 1992, Firearm-related deaths among childrenincreased from none in 1990 to one in1992, while homicide victims among

Morrison institute for Public Policy

_J

this same population also increasedfrom none in 1990 to one in 1992.Reported cases of sexually transmitteddiseases among those under age 20increased from 58 cases in 1990 to 89 in1992.

In the area of behavioral health ser-vices, Table 16.11 shows that at least26 residential placements occurred and395 nonresidential services were pro-vided in 1993 (DHS numbers). Childrenfrom Yuma County also received thesetypes of services through other agen-cies, but totals cannot be determineddue to duplication within and acrossagencies.

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT ANDOUT-OF-HOME CAREReports made to DES of alleged childabuse climbed from 1,086 to 1,579.Within these reports, 2,478 allegedchild abuse victims were identified in1993. Active child suppori, cases han-dled by DES increased by 20%, to 9,449cases in 1993 (see Table 16.10'.

Table 16.12 shows 83 children in YumaCounty resided in out-of-home careunder the jurisdiction of the DESDivision of Children and FamilyServices during January 1993.Children reviewed for placement withinthe state's foster care system decreasedfrom 57 in 1990 to 44 in 1993. Finally,using point-in-time data, five childrenwere placed in out-of-home care by theDES Developmental DisabilitiesDivision in 1993, decreasing from sevenin 1991.


During Fall 1993, comprehensivepreschool programs targeting indigentchildren served 757 children (HeadStart had 675 funded enrollment slotswhile the state-supported At-Risk Pilotserved 50 and Even Start served 32).These children represented 65% of theestimated 1,161 three- and four-year-

Unarlaen Institute for Public Policy

olds who lived in poverty in YumaCounty and would have been eligiblefor such services. Preschool special edu-cation services were provided to anadditional 118 children, while MigrantChild Education provided services to138 others.

CHILDREN IN SCHOOLYuma County's public schools educated24,162 students during the 1992/93academic year (up 15% from 1989/90).Of these students, 29.0% were identi-fied as being limited English proficient(up from 22.5% in 1990). Migrant ser-vices were provided to 6,762 students,representing 85% of the 7,969 eligiblefor such service.

The number of reported dropoutsamong the county's high school chil-dren decreased from 1,045 in 1992(13.2%) to 843 (10.6%) in 1993.Ethnic/racial breakdowns reveal NativeAmerican youth had the highestdropout rate in that 12.4% of all NativeAmerican public high school studentsin the county dropped out during 1993(see Table 16.7). The four-year gradua-tion rate also improved, going from60.0% in 1992 to 64.0% in 1993.

YUMA COUNTY

Arizona Student Assessment Programresults show Yuma County studentsperformed below the state average on 8of 9 assessments in March 1993 (seeTable 16.6). Norm-referenced testsrevealed that well over half of the stu-dents scored below the 40th percentileon the test components in 1992.

TEENS AT RISKBirths to teenage girls in Yuma Countyincreased from 4.4% of all such teens in1990 to 5.4% in 1992. Two teen suicidesoccurred in 1992, up from none in 1990.

In 1992/93, there were 3,597 referralsto state juvenile courts, representing1,585 individual children. The rate ofjuvenile arrests (not including thoseoccurring on Indian 7eservations)increased from 9.8% of all childrenaged 8-17 in 1990 to 12.4% in 1992(note: these data include multiplearrests for some children causing ratesto be inflated). Juvenile arrests for vio-lent crimes also increased from 31cases in 1990 to 47 in 1992, as did thenumbers of juveniles committed toDYTR secure correctional facilities(from 16 youth in 1990 to 24 in 1993).

TABLE 16.2: DEMOGRAPHIC INDICATORS:HOW DOES YUMA COUNTY COMPARE?

ArizonaAverage

YumaCounty Average





. - -


56.4% 69.7%

Poverty (1990)

Divorce Rate (1992) 6.8* 9.0*

Birth Rate (1992) 17.8' 24.7*


169126

TA

BLE

16.

3: C

HIL

D W

ELL

-BE

ING

IND

ICA

TO

RS

& T

RE

ND

SY

UM

A C

OU

NT

Y

Indi

cato

r

CH

ILD

PO

VE

RT

Y

Chi

ldre

n Li

ving

in P

over

ty(0

-4 y

rs.;

estim

ate)

Chi

ldre

n liv

ing

in P

over

ty(0

-17

yrs.

; est

imat

e).

Chi

ldre

n in

AF

DC

Fam

ilies

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

Chi

ldre

n in

Fam

ilies

Rec

eivi

ng F

ood

Sta

mps

(0-

18 y

rs.)

App

rove

d F

ree/

Red

uced

Lunc

h A

pplic

atio

ns (

gr. K

-12)

AH

CC

CS

Enr

ollm

ent

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

Hom

eles

s C

hild

ren

(0-1

8 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

HE

ALT

H &

SA

FE

TY

Wom

en r

ecei

ving

Lat

e or

No

Pre

nata

l Car

e

Low

Birt

h-w

eigh

t Birt

hs

New

born

s in

Inte

nsiv

e C

are

Pro

gram

Infa

nt D

eath

s/M

orta

lity

Rat

e

Sup

plem

enta

l Nut

ritio

n P

rogr

ams

(WIC

& C

SF

P w

omen

, inf

ants

and

child

ren)

I17

0C

ompl

ete

Imm

uniz

atio

nsam

ong

2-ye

ar-o

lds

2

Chi

ld D

row

ning

s (0

-4 y

rs.)

Bas

e Y

ear

(198

5, )

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

993)

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

1

1.63

52,

475

3,10

020

.426

.528

.7

(198

0)(1

980)

5,99

29,

125

10,4

0021

.328

.729

.9

(198

0)(1

980)

1,21

02,

339

4,26

94.

27.

011

.7

3,80

86.

236

11,0

4513

.318

.830

.7

9.21

111

,119

14,5

7451

.257

.458

.4

(203

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

(2/8

8)(2

/90)

(10/

93)

5,23

79,

500

13,8

1915

.726

.435

.9

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

(10/

1/88

)(7

/1/9

1)(1

1/1/

93)

153

0.46

947

1,43

91,

295

48.3

58.8

46.4

(199

2)(1

992)

9312

312

64.

75.

04.

5

(199

2)(1

992)

102

148

-4.

25.

3

1917

149.

7'6.

9'5.

0'

(199

2)(1

992)

5,21

032

.2

--

-41

.8

30

137

.0"

09.

7"(1

992)

,(1

992)

Per

cent

Rat

e C

hang

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

eIn

crea

se1

11

11

1

18.

3%

4.2%

67.1

%

63.3

%

1.7%

NM

36.0

%

21.1

%

III 2

6.2%

171

100%

114

Indi

cato

rB

ase

Yea

r(1

98

5 )

1990

Upd

ate

Yea

r(1

99

3 )

Bas

e Y

ear

Rat

e/10

019

90R

ate/

100

Upd

ate

Yea

rR

ate/

100

Per

cent

Rat

eS

ince

199

0

Dec

reas

e

Cha

nge

Incr

ease

Fire

arm

-rel

ated

Dea

ths

(0-1

9 yr

s.)

12

3.3*

*0

5.4"

(199

2)(1

992)

100%

Hom

icid

e V

ictim

s (0

-18

yrs.

)2

01

7.0"

02.

8**

(199

2)(1

992)

100%

Rep

orte

d C

ases

of S

exua

lly46

5889

1.4

1.6

2.4

50.0

%

Tra

nsm

itted

Dis

ease

s (0

-19

yrs.

)(1

988)

(199

2)(1

988)

(199

2)

CH

ILD

AB

US

E &

NE

GLE

CT

Chi

ld A

buse

Rep

orts

(0-

17 y

rs.)

1,24

51,

086

1,57

94.

63.

54.

631

.4%

Alle

ged

Chi

ld A

buse

Vic

tims

2,47

87.

2

(0-1

7 yr

s.)

CH

ILD

RE

I;s! I

N S

CH

OO

L (G

RA

DE

S K

-12)

Ave

rage

Dai

ly M

embe

rshi

p16

,793

21,0

7024

,162

Stu

dent

s Id

entif

ied

as L

imite

d2.

434

5,56

47,

884

12.6

22.5

29.0

28.9

%

Eng

lish

Pro

ficie

nt

Stu

dent

s R

ecei

ving

Mig

rant

Ser

vice

s-

-6,

762

--

28.0

Hig

h S

choo

l Dro

pout

s-

1,04

584

313

.210

.619

.7%

(gra

des

9-12

)(1

992)

(199

2)

Hig

h S

choo

l Gra

duat

es/R

ate

1,14

11,

164

1,24

751

.060

.064

.06.

7%

(with

in 4

yrs

.)(1

991)

(199

2)(1

991)

(199

2)

TE

EN

S A

T R

ISK

Birt

hs to

Tee

ns (

13-1

8 yr

s.)

160

208

268

3.9

4.4

5.4

22.7

%

(199

2)(1

992)

Tee

n S

uici

des

(15-

19 y

rs.)

00

20

023

.7-

(199

2)(1

992)

100%

J4ve

nile

Arr

ests

(8-

17 y

rs.)

1,54

31,

671

2,22

710

.69.

812

.426

.5%

(199

2)(1

992)

Juve

nile

Arr

ests

for

Vio

lent

3031

470.

210.

180.

2644

.4%

Crim

es (

8-17

yrs

.)(1

992)

(199

2)

Juve

nile

s C

omm

itted

to S

ecur

e D

YT

R16

240.

190.

2742

.1%

Cor

rect

iona

l Fac

ilitie

s

'T

he "

base

-.y

ear

is 1

985

and

the

"upd

ate"

yea

r is

199

3 fo

r al

l ind

icat

or:,

unle

ss o

ther

wis

e no

ted

inco

lum

n.

Dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e, N

No

tren

d ca

n be

sho

wn;

Per

1.0

00 li

ve b

irths

Per

100

,000

.

e te

:in

shou

ld b

e us

ed in

inte

rpre

ting

thes

e pe

rcen

tage

s si

nce

chan

ges

in s

mal

lreal

num

bers

res

ult i

n la

rge

rate

per

cent

cha

nges

; inc

reas

es/d

ecre

ases

to o

r fr

om a

rat

e of

0 a

relis

ted

as 1

00%

.

172

173

YUMA COUNTY




Yuma County during


prenatal care.

TABLE 16.4: SELECTED INDICATORS BROKEN DOWN BY RACE/ETHNICITY*YUMA COUNTY


AmericanAfrican


Total County 12,181 35% 20,800 60% 450 1% 935 3% 420 1% 34,786RaciaVEthnicPopulation(0-17 yrs.; 1993)

. .

Children in 924 22% 3,043 71% 108 3% 182 4% 12 <1% 4,269AFDC Families(0-18 yrs.: 9/93)

AHCCCS 2,250 16% 10,885 79% 225 2% 350 3% 109 <1% 13,819Enrollment(0-19 yrs.; 11/93)

Firearm-related 2 100% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 2

Deaths (0-19 yrs.;1992)

Juvenile Arrests 833 37% 1,209 54% 68 3% 116 5% 1 <1% 2,227(8-17 yrs.; 1992)

Represents the racialiethnic distribution of a given indicator. By comparing the indicator percentages to the county'schild population (found at top of table), one can get a sense of whether certain groups have disproportionately highe:- orlower representation. Percentages may not equal 100 due to rounding.

TABLE 16.5: BIRTH-RELATED INDICATORS AS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUP*YUMA COUNTY

-


1992 24% 4% 5% 7%

Hispanic Births 1990 71% 5% NA 10°r

1992 57% 5% 6% .11%

Native Amencan 1990 66% 6% NA 6%

Births 1992 58% 24%

African Amencan 1990 41% 9% NA 4%

Births 1992 33% 9% 4%

Other 1990 52% NA

1992 18% 6°/.

County Total 1990 59% 5% 4% 8%

1992 46% 5% 5% 10%

Chart depicts the percentage of all births within each racial/ethnic category for which a given indicator occurredle.g., of all births to white women, what percent were low birth weight 1.



" Fiscal years 1989.90 and 1992'93

174129 Momsoo Institute for Public Policy

TABLE 16.6: STATE-REQUIRED STUDENT TESTING RESULTS

YUMA COUNTY

-


40

CountyMean

StateMean


Math (20 pts.) 11.8' 11.7



Math (16 pts.) 4.4 4.8



Math (20 pts.) 4.8 5.6


Above state mean



LANGUAGE 52% 53% 36% 39%

MATH 59% 56% 42% 42%

READING 56% 56% 38% 41%


TABLE 16.7: HIGH SCHOOL DROPOUTSAS PERCENT OF RACIAL/ETHNIC POPULATION*YUMA COUNTY

YUMA COUNTY

Yuma County students

performed below the state


assessments in 199.'3.

aWhite

.

12.3%

.

8.5% Although the overall dropout



school students in Yuma


Hispanic

Native American

12.8%

27.4%

11.8%

12.4%


Other 18.8% 1.4°/0**

Depicts the percentage of dropouts within a given racial/ethnic group (e.g., of all white students in grades

9.12. what percent dropped out that year).


175- 1:4 #1 Ordid,

1993.

130

YUMA COUNTY


65% of Yuma County's




131

TABLE 16.8:CHILDREN PROVIDED FEDERAUSTATE-SUPPORTED PRESCHOOL SERVICESYUMA COUNTY

1990/91 1993/94 % Change

HEAD START


Indian Head Start 20_






Chapter 1 0 0 0%

Even Start 0 32





> During 1993. it is estimated that 1.161 three- and four-year-olds lived in poverty in Yuma County. of which757 children (65%) were served in comprehensive preschool programs (Head Start. Even Start. At-Risk PilotProject).





32% of the need in Yuma

County.

TABLE 16.9: STATE-APPROVED CHILD CAREYUMA COUNTY

SPACES

I

52

(9/91)

508

1,505

0

2,065





Total

92

379

1,714

20

2,205

77%

-25%

14%

7%

> In 1993, there were an estimated 6.981 children in Yuma County under age six living in two-parent or single-parent working households, while there were 2,205 state-approved child care spaces in the county (32%

> Federal and state day care subsidies were provided to an average of 1,113 children per month in Fall 1993, rep-resenting 53% of the day care spaces approved by DES and DHS in the county.

176 Mormon Institute for Pubbc Poky

r

TABLE 16.10: ACTIVE DES CHILD SUPPORT CASESYUMA COUNTY

AFDC Cases 4,126 5,730 39%

Non-AFDC Cases 3,756 3,719 -1%

Total 7,892 9,449 20%

TABLE 16.11: BEHAVIORAL HEALTH SERVICES*YUMA CCUNTY

Represents total active DES casesthose involving the establish-

ment of paternity, the establishmentof a child support obligation, or theenforcement of such obligation,.These are cases known to DES anddo not include cases where DESintervention was not sought.

Placing and/or- Residential NonresidentialFunding Agency Services (1992/93) Services (1992/93)

Behavioral Health Services, DHS 26 395



10

10

1,096

0***


I' Preliminary 1992/93 data.DYTR's numbers do not include counseling services, or treatment and diagnostic services provided to adoles-

cents in secure care.ij

TABLE 16.12: OUT-OF-HOME CARE PLACEMENTS*YUMA COUNTY

Placing and/or Funding Agency 1990 1993O. Change'90 to '93




Developmental Disabilities Division, DES" 7 5 -29%

(12/23/91) (12131/93)

No data available.The numbers in this chart cannot be totaled due to duplication of counts within and across agencies.Residential behavioral health services )as reported in the table above) are also a form of out-of-home place-



YUMA COUNTY


of Yuma County's indicators





ing improvements) for four.


GLOSSARY

133

AFDC: Aid to Families with DependentChildren is a means-tested programthat provides assistance to low-incomefamilies. Services are funded by theAdministration for Children andFamilies within the U.S. Department ofHealth and Human Services, andadministered in Arizona by DES.

ADE: Arizona Department ofEducation

AHCCCS (Arizona Health CareCost Containment System):Arizona's Medicaid program, developedas an alternative to the traditional fee-for-service Medicaid program, provideshealth care for low-income residents ofthe state on a prepaid capitated basis.

Active Child Support EnforcementCases: Cases in which any of threeobjectives are being pursued by theDES Child Support EnforcementProgram: 1) the establishment of pater-nity; 2) the establishment of a childsupport obligation; or 3) the enforce-ment of a child support obligation.

Arizona Student AssessmentProgram (ASAP): Established by lawin 1990, ASAP is a multi-faceted pro-gram including: the setting of high aca-demic standards (i.e., Essential Skills)for all students; the use of performance-based assessments to test student mas-tery of these skills in grades 3, 8, and12: the use of norm-referenced tests ingrades 4, 7, and 10; a comprehensivereporting system (i.e., report cards);graduation-rate tracking system; and apost-secondary tracking system.

ASAP Assessment Results: Refersspecifically to the information collectedfrom the annual Spring assessment ofEssential Skills in reading, Mathemat-ics, and writing in grades 3, 8, and 12.

Norm-referenced Test Results:Refers specifically to information col-lected from the annual nationally-normed Fall assessment of basic skillsin reading, mathematics, and writingin grades 4, 7, and 10.

At-Risk Pilot Project: Initiated bythe legislature in 1988 and overseen byADE, this project funds 55 pilot districtand school-based programs for studentsat risk of academic failure.

178

Average Daily Membership:Represents the number of full-timeequivalent preK-12 students in atten-dance within Arizona's public schools(i.e., "attending" ADM).

Child Abuse/Neglect: Reports of childabuse/neglect are handled by ChildProtective Services, within theAdministration for Children, Youth andFamilies, DES. Reports have been col-lapsed into eight categories of maltreat-ment. Most categories are self-explanato-ry; a few, however, warrant description:

Dependent child: Child whoseparent(s)/guardian(s) are too unable,unwilling, or dysfunctional to assumeresponsibility to protect the child fromphysical or emotional harm, or providethe child with the necessities of life, butfor whom there are no specific allega-tions of abuse or neglect.

Minor abuse/neglect: Child hasminor injuries or minor signs ofneglect. In addition, family may displaymultiple stress factors which place thechild at risk.

"Other" abuse: Includes deathallegations due to suspected neglect orabuse or suspicious "accidents" as wellas a certain number of miscodedreports.

Potential abuse/neglect: Childhas no injuries or signs of neglect butreporting source states that child maybe injured cmneglected if there is nointervention.

Complete Immunizations among 2-year -olds: Defined by 1993 methodolo-gy as children who received four dosesof Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussis (DTP),three doses of Oral Polio Vaccine(OPV), and one dose of Measles MumpsRubella (MMR) by their second birth-day.

DES: Arizona Department of EconomicSecurity

DHS: Arizona Department of HealthServices

DPS: Arizona Department of PublicSafety

DYTR: Arizona Department of YouthTreatment and Rehabilitation


Diagnosed Cases of HIV (HumanImmunodeficiency Virus)Infection/AIDS: Individuals whosediagnoses falls into one of three cate-gories: HIV asymptomatic testing pos-itive for the HIV virus or antibody tothe HIV virus but having no document-ed illness; HIV symptomatic - HIVinfection and diagnosed conditions ofillness not included among those meet-ing the Acquired ImmunodeficiencySyndrome (AIDS) criteria; and AIDS -the diagnosis of any one of 25 condi-tions for adults (24 conditions for pedi-atric cases with ages less than 13years) and/or absolute counts of theCD4+ T-lymphocyte immunologicmarker less than 200 per microliter ofblood or a percentage of such lympho-cytes less than 14 percent.

Dropout/Rate: A "dropout" is a stu-dent who was enrolled for any length oftime during the school year or at theend of the prior school year, who wasnot enrolled at the end of the currentschool year, and whose absence cannotbe explained by transfer to anotherschool, graduation, or death (e.g.,dropped out, was expelled, or statusunknown). "Dropout rate" is the num-ber of dropouts divided by total enroll-ment (i.e., the total number of studentswho were enrolled for any length oftime during the school year or at theend of the prior school year).

Firearm-related Deaths: Deathsrecorded as being caused by the use offirearms, including unintentional acci-dents, suicides, homicides, and those inwhich the intent was undetermined.

Firearm-related Hospitalizations:Children admitted to hospitals withover 50 beds and whose injuries wererecorded as being caused by the use offirearms, including unintentional acci-dents, suicide and homicide attempts,and those in which the intent wasundetermined.

Food Stamp Program: Designed toalleviate hunger and malnutritionamong low-income households (thatapply for participation) by providingfood stamp coupons redeemablethrough normal channels of trade, thisprogram is funded by the Food andNutrition Service of the United States

Morrison Institute lOt Public Policy

Department of Agriculture and admin-istered in Arizona by the Departmentof Economic Security.

Free and Reduced-cost MealProgram: Federally sponsored childnutrition program that supports theprovision of free or reduced-price break-fasts and lunches to children basedupon family income guidelines withinparticipating schools.

Graduation Rate: The number of stu-dents who completed graduationrequirements within four years (i.e.,graduates) divided by the class popula-tion (i.e., the unduplicated number ofstudents who began high school therefour years previously, or transferredinto the class during the four years ofhigh school, less those who transferredto another school or died).

Head Start: Project Head Start is afederally funded compensatory educa-tion program that serves the develop-mental needs of handicapped childrenand children from low-income families.It provides comprehensive services tochildren and their families in anattempt to improve their intellectual,social, and physical development, self-esteem, and mental health.

Infant Deaths: Deaths occurring frombirth to within one minute of one yearof age.

Juvenile Incarceration: Youths whohave been adjudicated for crimes andcommitted to one of five secure DYTRfacilities in Phoenix and Tucson.

Juvenile Referral: A request that acourt take appropriate action concern-ing a juvenile alleged to have commit-ted a delinquent or incorrigible act.Referrals can be generated by varioussources, including law enforcement,schools, parents, and probation officers.

Late or No Prenatal Care: Womengiving birth who were not known tohave undergone their first clinic-alexaminat ion during the first trimesterof pregnancy.

LEP (limited English proficient):Students having a low leivel of skill incomprehending, speaking, reading orwriting the English language because

179

GLOSSARY

of being from an environment in whichanother language is spoken.

Low Birth-weight Births: Since1990, this refers to infants with a birthweight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5lbs.); prior to 1990, it included infantsweighing 2,500 grams or less.

Migrant Child Education:Supplemental educational, health, andother support services provided tomigrant students ages 3 through 21,utilizing. federal funds under PublicLaw 100-297.

Mortality Rate: Number of-infantdeaths per 1,000 live births.

Newborns in Intensive CareProgram: 411 critically ill infants bornin Arizona who are in need of specialcare within 96 hours of birth and whoreceive services through the statewideNewborn Intensive Care Program.

Out-of-home Care: A living arrange-ment in which children and youthreside outside their own homes underthe case management and planningresponsibility of the primary state,county, or tribal agency. These livingarrangements are usually statelicensed, publicly funded, and courtordered or legally designated.

State-approved Child Care Spaces:Includes spaces that are licensed, certi-fied, or approved by state agencies(DES, DHS, or ADE).

Supplemental Nutrition Programs:Includes two programs, SpecialSupplemental Food Program forWomen, Infants, s.ad Children(WIC) and the CommoditySupplemental Food Program(CSFP). Both programs support low-income pregnant, breastfeeding, andpostpartum women, and infants andchildren (up to age 5 for WIC, age 6 forCSFP) by providing nutritious food andnutritional education services.

134

SOURCES AND NOTES

135

DEMOGRAPHICS

Child and County Total Populations:Estimates for 1993 were prepared byTom Rex, Center for Business Research,Arizona State University.

Note: Unless noted otherwise, child pop-ulation includes children ages 0-17 (i.e.,under 18 years of age).

Demographic Comparisons: Head ofhousehold with highest education lessthan 9th grade and percent of femalehead-of-households with children underfive that live in poverty were taken from1990 census data. Unemployment num-bers (annual average for 1993) wereobtained from DES, ResearchAdministration. Per capita personalincome (1992) was obtained from theU.S. Department of Commerce, Bureauof Economic Analysis. Divorce and birthrates (1992) were obtained from DHS,Office of Planning, Evaluation and PublicHealth Statistics.

Data for Individuals Served byIndian Tribal Agencies: Many socialservices for Native Americans living onreservations are provided within theirown social service system, rather thanthrough state agencies. To this end, thefollowing indicators do not include infor-mation on such services and/or cases,and therefore will be an undercount of allsuch services provided to NativeAmericans: children receiving state-sup-ported behavioral health services, childabuse reports, out-of-home care, juvenilearrests, juvenile referrals, and firearm-related hospitalizations. In addition,public school-based indicators (e.g.,dropouts, graduation rates, ADM,achievement scores) cover only NativeAmericans attending public schools.

CHILD POVERTY

Children Living in Poverty (0-4 and0-17 yrs.): Data for 1993, 1990, and 1980were prepared by Tom Rex, Center forBusiness Research, Arizona StateUniversity.

Note: Data for 1993 were derived byusing 1990 estimated numbers andadjusting them to reflect economic andother conditions from 1990 to 1993. Datafor 1990 were derived by using the 1989poverty rate (adjusted to reflect economic

180

and other conditions from 1989 to 1990)applied against the estimated mid-year1990 population. Data for 1980 weretaken from the decennial census in whichthe poverty rate for.1979 was appliedagainst the April, 1980 population count.

Children in AFDC Families (0-18yrs.): Data for each fiscal year representmonthly averages and were provided byDES, Family Assistance Administration,AFDC Statistical Bulletins, FY 1993, FY1990, and FY 1985. Percentages of recipi-ents by ethnic/racial group were calculat-ed using December 1992, 1990, and 1985recipients and applied to the fiscal yearmonthly averages.

Note: Data represent a monthly averagefor recipients under the age of 18. Heads-of-households who are under 18 are con-sidered adults and, therefore, not included.

Children in Families Receiving FoodStamps (0-18 yrs.): Data for each fiscalyear represent monthly averages andwere provided by DES, Family AssistanceAdministration, Food Stamps ProgramStatistical Bulletins, FY 1993, FY 1990,and FY 1985. Data were derived byapplying the percentage of total recipi-ents in November 1992 who were under18 to the average monthly count of allrecipients. Ethnic/racial breakdownswere calculated using December 1992,1990, and 1985 recipients as applied tothe fiscal year monthly averages.

Approved Free/Reduced LunchApplications (grades K-12): Data forschool year 1993/94 were prepared byADE, Child Nutrition Programs, October1993 Public School Children Approvedfor Free and Reduced-price Meals byCounty. Previous years' data were pre-pared by ADE, Research andDevelopment Unit.

Notes: The indicator represents the num-ber of public school children approved forfree or reduced school lunches during agiven month as indicated on the chart.Rates were calculated as a percent ofchildren approved for free or reduced-price lunches compared to total K-12ADM only in districts offering the pro-gram (in 1993/94, 24 public school dis-tricts did not participate). To calculatethe 1993 rate, an increase of 3.5% (pro-jected growth) was added to the 1992/93ADM figures.


rC

USDA Child Nutrition Program incomeeligibility guidelines for free meals for afamily of four were: $18,655/year in1993/94; $16,510 /year in 1990/91; and$14,560 in 1987/88.

AHCCCS Enrollment (0-19 yrs.): Datafor all years were provided by theAHCCCS Administration, Office of PolicyAnalysis and Coordination.

Note: Enrollment increases since 1990were due in part to several federal eligi-bility changes, most notably expandedcoverage in 1990 to pregnant women andchildren under the Sixth OmnibusBudget Reconciliation Act I SOBRA).Increases in births to teens, in-migration,and total numbers of children living inpoverty are also contributing factors.

AHCCCS Covered Births: Data for1993 were provided by the AHCCCSAdministration, Office of Policy Analysisand Coordination. Newborns by Monththrough October 1993. These and previ-ous years' data were provided by theAHCCCS Research Unit.

Homeless Children (0-18 yrs.): Data .

for 1990 were obtained from DES,Arizona State Data Center, as extractedfrom the 1990 census. Data from a 1991and 1993 survey of schools and social ser-vice providers were obtained from ADE,Chapter 1 Unit.

Note: The data from the 1990 census wasknown to be an undercount, while theADE survey information includes duplica-tion in that some children may have beenserved by more than one school or agency.

CHILD HEALTH AND SAFETY

Children with No Health Insurance(0-17 yrs.): Data for 1992 were takenfrom The Child Welfare Stat Book 1993,Child Welfare League of America,Washington, DC, as extracted from theUnited States Bureau of the Census,March 1992, Current Population Survey.Data for 1989 were taken from a one-time study completed by Arizona's FlinnFoundation, Health Care in Arizona: AProfile, 1989. Both data sets are based ona population sample and are, therefore,estimates.

Supplemental Nutrition Programs(WIC & CSFP): April 1993 data were

Morrison Institute tot Public Policy

obtained from three organizations inArizona that oversee the SpecialSupplemental Food Program for Women,Infants, and Children (WIC) and theCommodity Supplemental Food Program(CSFP): DHS, Office of NutritionServices; Inter Tribal Council of Arizona,Inc.; and The Navajo Nation, NavajoDivision of Health.

Notes: During 1993, DHS oversaw WICservices for eligible women, infants, andchildren not living on reservations in allcounties except La Paz and for those liv-ing on the Hualapai, Hopi, and CocopahIndian Reservations, DHS also oversawCSFP services in Coconino. La Paz,Maricopa. Mohave. Pima, Final, SantaCruz, Yavapai, and Yuma counties (othercounties do not have this program). TheInter Tribal Council of Arizona oversawWIC services for Native Americans livingin Maricopa County and for those livingon all remaining Indian reservationsexcept the Navajo Nation, where serviceswere overseen by the Navajo Division ofHealth. In order to develop county break-downs, staff at the Inter Tribal Councilplaced the numbers for various tribesinto the county in which the largest per-centage resided.

WIC and CSFP are currently authorizedto serve pregnant, breast feeding, andpostpartum women, and infants and chil-dren up to age 5 for WIC (and up to age 6for CSFP) determined to be at 185% ofthe federal poverty level. Program fund-ing is based on the number of "potential-ly eligible" women, infants, and children(generally determined using the mostrecent year's number of live births andchild population data from the 1990 cen-sus).

Complete Immunizations among 2-year -olds: Data for 1993 were providedby DHS, Disease Prevention Unit. Datawere collected between June andNovember of 1993.

Notes: 1993 marks the first year that a"clinic assessment" was used to deter-mine immunization coverage levels.Records of a representative sample oftwo-year-olds were audited in all publicclinics and community health centers(CHC) receiving publicly-purchased vac-cines and in 13 private health care plansand AHCCCS plans. Coverage levels areconservative estimates due to the fact

181

SOURCES AND NOTES

that a child was only considered fully-immunized if the dates of each requiredvaccination were documented in the med-ical record. Many children were classifiedas not fully-immunized by defaultbecause their records lacked dates forvaccinations given by a previous provider.Factbook 1992 data were derived from a"retrospective study" in which a percentof kindergarten children who had beenadequately immunized by several priorage checkpoints was determined.

State data for 1993 are a combined aver-age of private clinics, CHCs, private andAHCCCS plans. County data are aver-ages derived from public clinics and com-munity health centers.

Women Receiving Late or NoPrenatal Care: Data for calendar year1992 were obtained from DHS. Office ofPlanning, Evaluation and Public HealthStatistics, Selected Maternal, PrenatalCare and Newborn Characteristics byCounty of Residence. Data for 1985 and1990 were also obtained from this office,previously called the Office of Planningand Health Status Monitoring.

Low Birth-weight Births: Data for cal-endar year 1992 were obtained fromDHS, Office of Planning, Evaluation andPublic Health Statistics, SelectedMaternal, Prenatal Care and NewbornCharacteristics by County of Residence.Data for 1985 and 1990 were alsoobtained from this office, previouslycalled the Office of Planning and HealthStatus Monitoring.

Newborns in Intensive CareProgram: Data for fiscal years 1992/93and 1989/90 were obtained from DHS,Office of Women's and Children's Health.

Notes: The Newborn Intensive CareProgram (NICP) is a statewide system ofspecialized care and follow-up for allinfants born in Arizona (including thosein rural Arizona or Indian reservations)who are in need of at least 48 hours ofspecialized care within 96 hours of birth.DHS staff estimate that over 95% of alleligible infants are enrolled in the pro-gram. The program has been operatingsince 1967, but is being added as a newindicator and therefore data for only twotime periods are included.

In determining rates and percentages for

136

SOURCES AND NOTES

137

this indicator, FY 1992/93 newbornintensive care data were applied againstcalendar year 1992 birth data, while FY1989/90 data were applied against calen-dar year 1990 birth data.

Infant Deaths/Mortality Rate: Datafor calendar year 1992 were obtainedfrom DHS, Office of Planning,Evaluation and Public Health Statistics,Number and Rate of Births and Deathsby County of Residence, 1992. Data for1985 and 1990 were also obtained fromthis office, previously called the Office ofPlanning and Health Status Monitoring.

Child Drownings (0-4 yrs.): Data forcalendar year 1992 were obtained fromDHS, Office of Planning, Evaluation andPublic Health Statistics, Characteristicsof Drowning Deaths, 1992. Data for 1985and 1990 were also obtained from thisoffice, previously called the Office ofPlanning and Health Status Monitoring.

Firearm-related Deaths (0-19 yrs.):Data for calendar years 1992, 1990, and1985 were obtained from DHS, Office ofPlanning, Evaluation and Public HealthStatistics, Firearm-related Fatalitiesamong Children and Adolescents 19 orless years old, 1992, 1990, 1985.

Firearm-related Hospitalizations (0-19 yrs.): Data for calendar years 1989,1990, and 1992 were obtained fromMorrison Institute for Public Policy,Child and Adolescent Injury Databook(April, 1994).

Homicide Victims (0-18 yrs.): Data forcalendar year 1992 were obtained fromDHS, Office of Planning, Evaluation andPublic Health Statistics, HomicideVictims (0.18) by County and EthnicGroup, 1992. Data for 1985 and 1990were also obtained from this office, previ-ously called the Office of Planning andHealth Status Monitoring.

Reported Cases of SexuallyTransmitted Diseases (0-19 yrs.):Data for calendar years 1992, 1990, and1988 were obtained from DHS, Office ofHIV/STD Services, Sexually TransmittedDisease (STD) Program.

Note: This indicator represents the com-bined reported cases of syphilis, gonor-rhea, herpes, and chlamydia.

Diagnosed Cases of HIVInfection/AIDS (0-19 yrs.): Data for fis-cal years 1992/93, 1989/90, and 1984/85were obtained from DHS, Office ofHIV/STD Services, HIV /AIDSSurveillance Summary.

Notes: In January 1993, the Centers forDisease Control and Prevention revisedthe classification system for HIV infec-tion and expanded the AIDS definition.The following three clinical categoriesare presented in a combined fashion inthe factbook: HIV asymptomatic, HIVsymptomatic, and AIDS (see glossary fordefinitions).

Information for cases outside of Maricopaand Pima Counties was not included inthe county sections due to the low num-bers reported and concerns for confiden-tiality.

Behavioral Health Services: Fiveagencies are involved in the funding andoversight of behavioral health services tochildren and adolescents in Arizona.Data for 1992/93 were obtained from:DHS, Division of Behavioral Health;DES, Division of Children and FamilyServices (end of quarter, point-in-timedata only); Arizona Supreme Court,Administrative Office ofthe Courts;DYTR; and ADE, Special Education Unit(ADE participates on the Children'sBehavioral Health Council and overseesthe payment for the education of ch ildrenplaced in residential services; they do notprovide or fund behavioral health ser-vices).

Notes: The 1992/93 data presented inthis book contain duplication across andwithin some agencies, which preventsthe calculation of population rates forthis indicator. For example, DHS num-bers include all Title XIX funded servicesprovided by various agencies; ADE num-bers are completely contained withinDES numbers; and numbers reported fornon-residential services include multipleservices for the same children.

Data presented in the 1992 Factbookwere collected directly from the providersas part of an interagency collaborativestatewide need and resource assessment(DHS, 1991, and cannot be compared tonumbers used in this Factbook due tosignificant collection differences.


Family Planning Services: Data forcalendar year 1992 were obtained fromthe Arizona Family Planning Council.Family Planning Arizona 1980-1992,(April 1994).

CHILD ABUSE/NEGLECT AND OUTOF HOME CARE

Child Abuse Reports and AllegedChild Abuse Victims (0-17 yrs.): Datafor fiscal years 1992/93,1989/90, and1984/85 were provided by DES,Administration for Children, Youth andFamilies, Child Protective ServicesCentral Registry Reports of Alleged ChildMaltreatment by Major Categories ofMaltreatment.

Notes: Numbers were extracted fromreports made to Child Protective Services(CPS) by individuals or agencies that

. suspected the occurrence of child mal-treatment. These reports are coded using23 categories of suspected maltreatmentwhich were collapsed into eight for thisreport. These data do not include childabuse reports made to Native AmericanTribal services.

The indicator child abuse reportsapproximates an unduplicated count of allreports made, as categorized by the mostsevere type of maltreatment named in areport. This indicator does not provideinformation about the number of childrennamed in the reports (each report mayinvolve up to six children in one house-hold 1. Neither does it describe the totalnumber of allegations if more than onetype of maltreatment were named in agiven report (up to ten may be named).

The indicator alleged child abuse vic-tims identifies the number of childrenidentified in all reports. The count isduplicated as the same child may bereported more than once during the year.

Active Child Support EnforcementCases: Data represent active AFDC, andnon-AFDC child support enforcement casesas of September 1993 and September 1991.

Data were provided by DES, Division ofChild Support Enforcement's Statewide 13-Month Comparison Report.

Notes: The indicator represents the totalnumber of active cases known to DES,including all active AFDC child supportcases, a partial count of cases not involv-

ta,eiewsis ',sawlike few PlIblie Pam

ing AFDC (parents may also use theirown private legal counsel, representthemselves in court, or use the servicesprovided by the courts), and some casesnot identifiable as either AFDC or non-AFDC due to loss of contact with the cus-todial parent, lack of information aboutthe non-custodial parent, age of the case,or lack of county location.

This count represents cases, not childrenor families in that there may be morethan one case per family (e.g., thoseinvolving multiple alleged fathers orthose in which support is being pursuedagainst both mother and father).

Children in DES Out-of-home Care(0-17 yrs.): These data represent point-in-time assessments. Data for 1/1/93 and7/1/90 were provided by DES,Administration for Children Youth andFamilies, Social Services Informationand Statistical Tracking System, whiledata for 7/1/85 were extracted fromFoster Care Tracking System.

Notes: Data reflect children ages 0-17with some exceptions. Under certain con-ditions, services may be extended toserve an 18 year old.

DES placements are made for reasons ofabuseineglect and/or parents inability orunwillingness to care for the child andare categorized by: voluntary placementsup to three months, shelter care, fosterhomes (including relatives acting as fos-ter parents), group homes, residentialtreatment centers, therapeutic homes,and hospital settings. They do notinclude placements made by DYTR,county probation departments, or place-ments made privately by families. Dataalso do not reflect out-of-home place-ments made by Native American Tribalsupport systems.

Out-of-home Care for Children withDevelopmental Disabilities (0-17yrs.): These data represent a point-in-time assessment for November 1993 andwere provided by DES, Division ofDevelopmental Disabilities (DDD), FosterCare Clients by County and Placement.

Note: Data reflect children who areplaced in foster care for reasons of abuse,neglect, or abandonment, and do notduplicate DES out-of-home placements.

183

SOURCES AND NOTES

New Out-of-home PlacementsReviewed by Foster Care ReviewBoard (0-17 yrs.): Data for calendaryear 1993 were provided by the ArizonaSupreme Court, Foster Care ReviewBoard. Previous data were collected fromthe Foster Care Review Board.

Notes: This indicator consists of out-of-home placements under the jurisdictionof the Administrative Office of theCourts, Foster Care Review Board thatwere reviewed for the first time duringthe years 1993 and 1990.

Department personnel note that casesenter the Foster Care Review Board'ssystem when an individual or agencyfiles a petition with the courts to declarea child dependent, (i.e., no parent orguardian is willing or able to care'for thechild). The Review Board reviews thechild's case within six months of thechild being placed in out-of-home care.Ongoing placements continue to bereviewed at least every six months.

Duplication exists between the FosterCare Review Board count and DES andDDD out-of-home care. This duplicationoccurs when a petition has been filed todeclare a child dependent who has beenunder the jurisdiction of DES or DDD.

EARLY CARE AND EARLYEDUCATIONState-approved Child Care Spaces:Arizona state approval, certification orlicensure to operate family day carehomes or child care centers for compen-sation is governed by units within DES,ADE, and DHS.

The number of children each family daycare/group home and center is permittedto serve applies to any one period of time.For example, a family day care homemay serve four children in the morningand another four in the evening. All datashown represent actual spaces and notthe number of day care facilities. Datapresented in this Factbook represent total"capacity," not necessarily the number ofspaces actually filled by children.

DES Certified Family Day CareHomes: Data for 11/93 represent a point-in-time assessment and were provided byDES. Division of Children and FamilyServices, Child Care Administration,

138

SOURCES AND NOTES

Child Care Slots in Certified HomeProviders. Previous years' data wereextracted from the DES report, FamilyDay Care Homes by County: 1988 & 1990.

Note: No certification or licens,e isrequired to operate family day carehomes serving 14 children in Arizona;however, if a provider chooses to receiveDES child care subsidy payments, thehome must be DES certified. Similarly, aprovider who participates in the federalChild and Adult Food Program (CACFP),must receive ADE certification as an"alternate approval" home.

DHS Certified Day Care GroupHomes and Licensed Child CareCenters: Data represent a point-in-timeassessment, provided by DHS, Healthand Child Care Review Services, Office ofChild Care Licensure, Number of ChildCare Slots Available by County andProgram, as of October 1, 1993. Previousdata represent point-in-time assessmentsin June 1985 and 1990 and were alsoobtained from DHS.

Note: DHS certification as a "day caregroup home" is required for family daycare homes serving 5-10 children for com-pensation. DHS also licenses all childcare/day care centers in the state, includ-ing Head Start programs, centers in cor-porate offices, full-day and part-daypreschools, and before/after school pro-grams located on or off a school's campus,but not operated by a public school dis-trict. Public school programs are excludedfrom certification requirements, as arecenters operated by tribal units and thoseon military bases. Centers not licensed byDHS may be approved by ADE in order toreceive CACFP food program and/or certi-fied by DES in order to receive publicsubsidy benefits; however, the number ofthese centers represents only a fraction ofthe actual number of such centers.

ADE Alternate Approval Homes:Data represent point-in-time assessmentsof homes approved as of 9/93 and 9/91.Data for 9/93 . ere provided by ADE,Child Nutrition Programs, FY 1994 Childand Adult Care Food Program ProviderParticipation by County. Data for 9/91were obtained from the ADE CACFP pro-gram information records.

Note: These are family day care homesserving up to four children not related to

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thecaregiver that, in the absence of otherstate licensing/certification, seek formalapproval to participate in the Child andAdult Care Food Program. Although DEScertified family day care homes, DHS cer-tified day care group homes/child carecenters, and family day care homes onmilitary bases may also participate in theADE Child and Adult Care FoodProgram, they are not included in thiscount. Spaces in ADE Alternate ApprovalHomes were calculated assuming fourspaces per home.

Notes to State-approved Child CareSpaces in State and County Tables:

Children under six with workingparents: 1990 census data, showing that54.9% of Arizona's children under age sixlived in single or two-parent workinghouseholds, were applied to 1993 stateand county population estimates of chil-dren ages 0-5.

DES Subsidized Day care: Datafor federal and state child care subsidiesrepresent the monthly average number ofchildren receiving subsidies during Fall1994. Data were provided by DES, ChildCare Administration, Number of Childrenin Subsidized Child Care by StateSubsidized Child Care and FederalSubsidized Child Care.

School Age Child Care: Data wereobtained from ADE, Research andDevelopment Division. School Based ChildCare Study. This report describes resultsfrom a May 1993 survey mailed to princi-pals. and a follow-up phone survey. Bothstudies were included in DES State ofArizona Child Care Study, January 1994.

Note: Although the ADE phone and mailsurveys gathered information on a varietyof school-based child care programs, onlyschool age (K-8) before/after school pro-grams operated by school districts aredescribed in this Factbook.

Head Start: Data for academic year1993/94 were reported by individual HeadStart directors based on their fundedenrollment slots as of September 30, 1993(filled by three-, four-, and five-year-olds,with age being determined as ofSeptember 1, 1993). Data for 1990/91 wereprovided by Ellsworth Associates, ProjectHead Start Program Information Reports.

184 Manson Institute for Public Policy

Note: Funded enrollment slots refer tothe capacity of a program at any onetime. As children move in and out of aprogram, a single enrollment slot mayserve more than one child over the courseof an academic year.

Arizona Head Start Grantees:There are seven Arizona Head Startgrantees serving non-reservation, non-migrant children: Child Parent Centers,Inc., City of Phoenix Human ServicesDepartment, Maricopa County SocialServices Department, Northern ArizonaCouncil of Governments, Pinal-GilaCommunity Services, Inc., SouthwestHuman Development, and WesternArizona Council of Governments.

In 1993. the vast majority of enrollmentslots for the Arizona Head Start granteeswere filled by four-year-olds (80%), fol-lowed by three-year-olds (19%). Theremaining 1% were filled by five-year-oldswith special needs. During Fall 1993, 649children with special needs were served.

Indian Head Start Grantees: Datawere reported by individual Head Startdirectors for the 12 tribes which servedchildren in Arizona: Cocopah, ColoradoRiver, Gila River, Havasupai, Hopi,Hualapai, Navajo, Pascua Yaqui, SaltRiver Pima Maricopa, San CarlosApache, Tohono O'Odham, and WhiteMountain Apache. Data from theQuechan tribe were not included sincethey had no Arizona children participat-ing in their program. In 1993. three-year-olds filled 26% of enrollment slots; four-year-olds filled 72%; and five-year-oldsfilled 2%.

Migrant Head Start Grantee: TheArizona Migrant Head Start Program isoperated by Arizona Affiliated Tribes andserves children whose parents are identi-fied as "migrant," i.e., who travel acrosscounty lines for at least one night duringa given year to do farm labor.

Migrant Head Start operates inMaricopa. Pinal, and Yuma counties,serving migrant children who meet theincome eligibility requirement for HeadStart. Three-year-olds filled 42% of allenrollment slot3; four-year-olds filled53%; and five-year-olds filled the remain-ing 5% of enrollment slots.

Morrison Institut, for Public Policy

State-administered PreschoolServices: The following preschool ser-vices are administered by ADE:

Special Education: Data for acade-mic year 1992/93 and 1990/91 were col-lected as a one-day count on 12/1/92 and12/1/90. ADE, Special Education Sectionprovided the 1992/93 data, PreschoolCensus Count. Data for 1990/91 were pro-vided by ADE School Finance Unit, YearEnd Enrollment Reports.

Notes: The large increase from 1990 to1992 was due to the implementation of afederal mandate to provide special educa-tion services to all eligible four-year-oldsby 1990 and to all eligible three-year-oldsby 1992.

There is a degree of overlap between thestate special education preschool num-bers and Head Start as some childrenreceive both services. In 1992, approxi-mately 4% of special needs children whoenrolled in Head Start also enrolled in astate supported special educationpreschool program.

Migrant Child Education: Datafor both fiscal years 1992/93 and 1990/91were provided by ADE, Migrant ChildEducation Unit, Arizona MigrantPreschool Students.

Notes: Migrant child education is a feder-ally funded program currently servingchildren in six counties: Cochise, La Paz,Maricopa, Pima, Pinal, and Yuma.Children may be served in site-based pro-grams, home-based programs, or both.

All identified migrant three-, four-, andfive-year-olds (preK) are eligible for ADEmigrant child education services, whereasMigrant Head Start eligibility includes alow-income criteria. The only knowninstance where the two programs overlapoccurs in the Dysart Unified preschool(Maricopa County), where the migrantprogram is co-funded by ADE andMigrant Head Start and served approxi-mately 66 children in FY93.

A Migrant Even Start preschool programis offered in Crane School District (YumaCounty). These 39 children are counted inthe Yuma County migrant preschoolnumbers in FY93.

SOURCES AND NOTES

Chapter 1: Data for academic years1993/94 and 1990/91 were provided bythe ADE, Chapter 1 Unit's enrollmentapplications and reflect both home-basedand site-based programs.

Chapter 1 is part of a federal programproviding funding for pre-kindergarten tograde 12 compensatory education pro-grams for children functioning belowtheir peers in reading, math, and/or lan-guage arts.

Even Start: Data for academic years1993/94 and 1990/91 were provided bythe ADE, Chapter 1 Unit's enrollmentapplications. The program currentlyserves children in Maricopa, Pima, SantaCruz, and Yuma counties.

Even Start is a federally funded intergen-erational literacy program that serveslow-income children with a compensatorypreschool program and provides theirparents/guardians with adult educationprograms.

At-Risk Pilot Project: Data repre-sent enrollment as of 10/28/93 and 5/1/91and were provided by ADE, EarlyChildhood Services, At-Risk PreschoolEnrollment.

Note: These data show the number ofpreschool children reported by districts asbeing included in the state-funded full-day or half-day at-risk pilot programswhich operated in school districts withinthe following counties: Apache, Cochise,Coconino, Maricopa, Navajo, Pima, Pinal,and Yuma.

Notes to Federal and State-support-ed Preschool Services in State andCounty Tables:

Estimated Need: The following factorsaffect the accuracy of the estimate ofthree- and four-year-olds in poverty, andtherefore cause an overestimate of thepercent of eligible children served by fed-eral/state preschool programs: a smallnumber of five-year-olds were served byprograms, but not included in the esti-mate of children in poverty; up to 10% ofchildren Head Start serves do not have tomeet the federal poverty guidelinerequirement; and, a possible undercountin the 1990 Census of Native Americans,other minority populations, and undocu-mented immigrants.


SOURCES AND NOTES

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CHILDREN IN SCHOOL(GRADES K-12)

Note: All data from ADE profiled in thisbook refer only to students attending'Arizona public schools.

Average Daily Membership: Data foracademic years 1992/93, 1989/90, and1984/85 obtained from ADE, AnnualReports of the Superintendent of PublicInstruction (12/93, 12/90, and 11/85reports).

Note: Increases between 1984/85 and1989/90 are attributed in part to theaddition of students served by school-based preschool handicapped and at-riskprograms.

Students Identified as LimitedEnglish Proficient: Data for academicyear 1992/93 were obtained from ADE,Bilingual Education Unit. BilingualPrograms and English as a SecondLanguage Programs, 1992-1993 ExecutiveSummary, (January, 1994). Previousyears' data were taken from similarreports for 1989/90 (January, 1991) and1984/85 (Decemhr'r, 1985).

Notes: Rates for this indicator are calcu-lated as a percentage of total studentenrollment as reported on each district'sprimary home language census.

The increase in the number of studentsidentified as limited English proficientbetween 1984/85 and 1992/93 is believedto be due in part to the enactment of astate statute in 1984/85 requiring theidentification of such students and to theestablishment in 1988/89 of an LEPweight in the school funding formula.

Students receiving Migrant Services:Data for fiscal years 1992/93. 1990/91, and1984/85 were provided by ADE, MigrantChild Education Unit, Arizona MigrantStudents.

Notes: School age migrant child educationis a federally funded program whichserved children in six counties during1993: Cochise, La Paz, Maricopa, Pima.Pinal, and Yuma. Services include assis-tance with language acquisition, tutoring,coursework designed for credit deficientstudents, and the availability of resourcepeople. The nature and extent of servicesvary by each site's specific needs andexisting services.

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Dropout rate (grades 9-12): Data foracademic years 1991/92 and 1992/93were prepared by ADE, School FinanceUnit, Dropout Rate Study, 1991-92 and1992-93.

Notes: Dropout data for years prior to1991/92 are not reported due to defini-tion and data collection changes, therebymaking comparisons invalid. The previ-ous definition focused on the net dropoutof students during the nine months of theschool year. The new definition (usedsince 1991) includes summer dropouts aswell.

For 1992/93 data, ADE notes that onereporting change was made that shouldnot have affected rates. Instead of havinga separate dropout report not tied to anyother enrollment reports (as was the casefor 1991/92), all dropout reporting wasincorporated into the enrollment codesand extracted from the Year EndEnrollment Report. This was intended toreduce paperwork and improve accuracy.

High School Graduates/Rates: Data foracademic years 1990/91, 1991/92 and1992/93 were prepared by ADE, SchoolFinance Unit.

Notes: The number of "graduates" repre-sents all students completing high schoolduring that year (including those whotake more thin four years), while the"rate" represents the percent of studentswho had graduated within four years.

Due to missing reports or perceivederrors, the class of 1991 graduation rateexcluded data from Tucson Unified (PimaCounty); Gila Bend Unified, Cave CreekUnified, and Mesa Unified (MaricopaCounty); and Cibola High School in YumaUnion (Yuma County). The class of 1992graduation rate excluded Cave CreekUnified and Gila Bend Unified (MaricopaCounty); Chinle Unified and WindowRock Unified (Apache County); andTucson Unified (Pima County ).

Arizona Student AssessmentProgram Results: Data for academicyear 1992/93 were provided by ADE,Research and Development Unit, ArizonaStudent Assessment Program: March 1993Assessment Results, State of Arizona.

Notes: Arizona Student AssessmentProgram (ASAP) data represent state


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and county score summaries of a newstate assessment program administeredfor the first time statewide in March1993. The scores for "English non-medi-ated assessment" (i.e., English version ofassessment without any mediation givento students) were included in thisFactbook since no aggregate score includ-ing the "Spanish non-mediated" and"mediated" assessments were available.

Norm-referenced Testing Results:Data for Fall 1992 and Spring 1990 wereprovided by ADE. Research andDevelopment Unit.

Notes: Spring 1990 data were extractedfrom the total language, math, and read-ing scores of students in grades 2-12 whohad taken the state mandated norm-ref-erenced test; students in 2nd - 8th gradetook the Iowa Test of Basic Skills (ITBS)while those in 9th - 12th grade took theTests of Achievement and Proficiency(TAP).

Fall 1992 data represent average scoresof 4th and 7th graders who had taken theITBS and 10th graders who had takenthe TAP. Language scores were extractedfrom usage and expression sections of theITBS (no specific language section wasassessed on the TAP); math scores weretaken from the math problem solvingsection of the ITBS and math section ofTAP; and reading scores were taken fromthe reading comprehension of the ITBSand reading section of TAP.

ADE notes that data tapes prior to1989/90 are not available to compute thestate and county averages as depicted inthis Factbook, therefore trend data priorto this date are not presented.

TEENS AT RISK

Births to Teens (13-18 yrs.): Data forcalendar year 1992 were obtained fromDHS, Office of Planning, Evaluation andPublic Health Statistics, SelectedMaternal, Prenatal Care and NewbornCharacteristics by County of Residence,1992. Data for 1985 and 1990 were alsoobtained from this office, previouslycalled the Office of Planning and HealthStatus Monitoring.

Teen Suicides (15-19 yrs.): Data for cal-endar year 1992 were obtained from DHS,Office of Planning, Evaluation and Public

Morison lostrtut, for Pubk Poky

Health Statistics, Number of Suicides byCounty of Residence and Age Group, 1992.Data for 1985 and 1990 were alsoobtained from this office, previously calledthe Office of Planning and Health StatusMonitoring, Suicide Mortality, Arizona,1980-1989, (April, 1991).

Juvenile Referrals (8-17 yrs.): Fiscalyear 1992/93 data were obtained from theArizona Supreme Court, AdministrativeOffice of the Courts.

Note: Data include total number of refer-rals as well as unduplicated count of indi-vidual children.

Juvenile Arrests and Arrests forViolent Crimes (0-17 yrs.): Data for cal-endar year 1992. 1990, and 1985 wereprovided by DPS, Uniform CrimeReporting Program, Annual StatisticalCrime Review: Arrest FrequencyDistribution by Offense, Age, Sex, Raceand Ethnic Origin for Juveniles.

Notes: Arrests involving multiple chargesare categorized by the most severeoffense. The number of arrests obtainedfrom the DPS report may not align witharrests shown in other national or localreports as sources and method of collec-tion vary.

The Yuma County Police Department wasunable to report 1992 arrests to DPS dueto the implementation of a new databasesystem. Therefore, these data were gath-ered directly from the Yuma CountyJuvenile Court. Data do not includearrests for Native Americans made onreservations.

Juveniles committed to state correc-tional facilities: Data for calendar years1990 and 1993 were obtained from DYTR,Management Information System Unit,(May 27, 1994 memo).

Note: Data were extracted from diagnosticunit records by DYTR's ManagementInformation Systems and includes "newcommits" (individuals admitted to DYTRwho have never been in the system before;code 1), and "recommits" (individuals whowere previously committed, had finishedtheir sentence, and then were recommit-ted as part of a new sentence; code 2).These data do not include "parole viola-tors" (individuals who were previouslycommitted and reentered into the system

187

.SOURCES AND NOTES

because of a parole violation; code 9), andothers who had been committed prior tothe year for which data were collected andwho were still committed nor do theyinclude individuals on parole who arebeing served through community residen-tial or community case management pro-grams.

The rates for this indicator were calculat-ed using an age 13-17 population base,although the total indicator counts includ-ed a few adolescents under the age of 13.Exact age breakdowns were not availableat the time the Factbook was finalized,and therefore those under age 13 couldnot be removed from the count.

Alcohol and Drug Use: All data wereprovided by the Arizona Criminal JusticeCommission as follows: 1993 data fromSubstance Abuse and Public SchoolStudents: Arizona 1993; 1990 data fromSubstance Abuse in Arizona; and 1988data from Drug Use Survey, Arizona HighSchools.

Juveniles Held in County DetentionFacilities: This indicator does not appearin the current edition of the Factbook asthe existing collection methods do not per-mit access to an unduplicated statewidecount. However, staff from the ArizonaSupreme Court, Juvenile Services divisionand Management Information SystemsDivision have recently completed thestatewide installation of the Juvenile On-line Tracking System (JOLTS). This sys-tem will provide access to statewide sta-tistical data, including an unduplicatedcount of juveniles in detention.

Developed by the Maricopa CountyJuvenile Court, JOLTS has been used inMaricopa County for a number of yearsand in Pima and Yuma Counties for thelast few years. JOLTS operates in juvenileprobation departments, county detentionfacilities, and in juvenile courts. It willprovide instant access to juvenile offenderinformation which can be used in futureeditions of the Factbook.

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Morrison Institute for Public PolicySchool of Public AffairsArizona State University

Tempe. Arizona 85287-4405(6021 965-4525

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wtyPHINTE it ON RECYC,ED PAPE

Documents

population - ERICBennett and Rick Rogers, Arizona Family Planning Council; Carol Burgess, ... Rob Melnick, Director of the Morrison Institute, ... from 1990 to the most current year