PoP Level MappingAnd Peering Deals

Outline

• Mapping Internet

• Methodology

• Data Collection

• IP Classification to PoP

• PoP Geolocation

• PoP locations on Peering estimations

Internet Service Providers

ISPs are organizations that provide services for accessing and using the Internet.

Business relationships between ISPs.

ISP topologies are private information.

Minimal public information which attracts researchers to work on topologies.

Why to Map INTERNET

The big picture of Internet is very crucial to make improvements.

Mapping Internet lets researchers to work on real data.

Developing optimal routing algorithms, testing on internet models created based on Internet topologies.

Error detection analysis, reliability analysis results development on performance, security.

Data Collection• Data collection for mapping is generally done by using trace-route techniques.

• Trace-route is the method of recording the routers passed while data travels between source and destination.

• By applying trace-route method again and again there become enough collected data to understand the structure of Internet.

• There are many problems trace-route faces such as load balancing, redundant information, unresponsive routers etc.

• This cause different perspectives to solve these problems so there are different Internet measurement tools.

Data Collection

IP Classification to PoP

• Traceroute for a particular Autonomous System

• IP level graph to PoP level network

• IPs that belong to the same Point of Presence must exist in the same physical location, the delay between them must be minimal.

• Thus, we eliminate the edges that has higher than 5ms delay which corresponds to around 500 km distance.

• This gives us a not connected graph that has connected portions in itself.

IP Classification to PoP

• These connected small graphs are considered as at least one Point of Presence.

• So close geographical locations might be grouped as the same Point of Presence instead of two different Point of Presences. (New York, NY and Newark, NJ)

IP Classification to PoP

• Each partition looks like a collection of highly connected bipartite graphs with rich connectivity between them.

• Then we divide the whole partition to parents and children according to the measurement direction (each node or group of nodes simultaneously can be parents of one bipartite and children of another) in the bipartite graph.

IP Classification to PoP

IP Classification to PoP

• Then we check if nodes from the same group (parent or children) belong to the same physical collocation.

• To do that, we check the delay between parent group and children group of nodes.

• Based on the correlation we separate the nodes of the parent or children nodes to one or more geographic associations.

IP Classification to PoP

• A pair of nodes is marked as parent pair if both of them points to two or more nodes.

• In a similar way, two nodes are marked as child pair if both of them are pointed by at least two nodes, and child pair groups are defined like wise.

PoP Geo-location

• DNS (Domain Name System)

• Geo-location services

PoP Geo-location

• To get the most accurate city information of PoP, we query all three geo-location database with all of the IPs included the particular detected Point of Presence.

• Based on the returned city information, we assign the PoP to the city which is returned mostly.

PoP Level Mapping on Peering Deals

• The Internet is interconnected in Peering and Transit relationships

• Internet Transit is the business relationship whereby one ISP provides access to all destinations in its routing table.

• Internet Peering is the business relationship whereby companies provide access to each other's customers.

Transit vs Peering

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Why Peering?

It decreases the reliance on and therefore the cost of purchased Internet

Transit. (Cost)

It lowers inter-Autonomous System traffic latency. (Performance)

Why not peering?

PoP Level Mapping on Peering Deals

PoP Level Mapping on Peering Deals