TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 1 Whos who in ROC politics TABLE OF CONTENTSOVERVIEW I.ROC Presidents ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 II.ROC central government officials ................................................................................................................................... 10 III.The ROCs four other Yuan and their ministries .......................................................................................................... 75 IV.The ROC National Assembly ........................................................................................................................................... 83 V.ROC provincial governors and local leaders since 1945 ............................................................................................. 84 VI.Taiwans major political parties ......................................................................................................................................... 87 VII.Secessionist states on ROC territory before 1945 ........................................................................................................ 93 DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS Explanation ofsymbols used in this file ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1. ROC Presidents ................................................................................................................... 5 Details about the office .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Presidents ofthe ROC 19121948 .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Early Republic 19121916 .................................................................................................................................................. 6 Period ofthe Warlords 1916-1928Northern China ................................................................................................... 6 Period ofthe Warlords 1916-1928Southern China ................................................................................................... 6 Nationalist Government 19281948 ................................................................................................................................. 6 Presidents / Vice Presidents ofthe ROC since 1948 .......................................................................................................... 6 First Ladies ofthe ROC ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 Secretary-generals ofthe ROC presidential office ......................................................................................................... 7 Secretary-generals ofthe National Security Council ...................................................................................................... 8 Presidents ofAcademia Sinica [under the ROC Presidential Office] ......................................................................... 8 Presidents ofAcademia Historica [under the ROC Presidential Office] ................................................................... 9 2. ROC central government officials ........................................................................................ 10 Early ROC premiers [19121916] .......................................................................................................................................... 10 The ROC Executive Yuan ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 Founding and development ofthe Executive Yuan before 2012 .............................................................................. 10 20122014 restructuring ofthe Executive Yuan .......................................................................................................... 12 Summary ofthe 20122014 ROC government restructuringoverview and comparison ................................. 12 Inconsistent use ofthe term Cabinet-level agency? ................................................................................................. 13 Other committees and organizations under the Executive Yuan .............................................................................. 13 ROC premiers/vice premierspre-constitutional period [19281948] ................................................................... 14 ROC premiers/vice premiersconstitutional period [since 1948] ........................................................................... 15 Secretary-generals ofthe Executive Yuan ...................................................................................................................... 16 Spokesperson ofthe Executive Yuan ............................................................................................................................. 17 Heads ofCabinet-level agencies under the ROC Executive Yuan................................................................................... 17 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofInterior (MOI) ................................................................................................................. 17 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofForeign Affairs (MOFA) ................................................................................................ 19 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofNational Defense (MND) ............................................................................................. 20 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofJustice (MOJ) ................................................................................................................... 21 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofEconomic Affairs (MOEA) .......................................................................................... 22 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofFinance (MOF) ................................................................................................................ 23 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofEducation (MOE) ........................................................................................................... 25 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofTransportation and Communications (MOTC) ........................................................ 26 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofCulture (MOC) ................................................................................................................ 27 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofHealth and Welfare (MOHW) ...................................................................................... 28 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofLabor (MOL) ................................................................................................................... 28 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofScience and Technology (MOST) ................................................................................ 29 Heads ofthe Council ofAgriculture, Executive Yuan (COA) .................................................................................. 29 Heads ofthe Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan (EPA) ................................................. 31 Heads ofthe Coast Guard Administration, Executive Yuan (CGA) ........................................................................ 32 Heads ofthe Mainland Affairs Council, Executive Yuan (MAC).............................................................................. 32 TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 2 Heads ofthe National Development Council (NDC) ................................................................................................ 32 Chairpersons ofthe Fair Trade Commission, Executive Yuan (FTC) ...................................................................... 32 Heads ofthe Public Construction Commission, Executive Yuan (PCC) ................................................................ 33 Heads ofthe Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan (AEC) ................................................................................. 33 Heads ofthe National Communications Commission (NCC) .................................................................................. 34 Heads ofthe Financial Supervisory Commission, Executive Yuan (FSC) .............................................................. 34 Governors ofthe ROC Central Bank............................................................................................................................. 34 Heads ofthe Directorate-General ofBudget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) ............................................ 35 Heads ofthe Directorate-General ofPersonnel Administration, Executive Yuan (DGPA) ............................... 35 Chairpersons ofthe Central Election Commission (CEC) ........................................................................................ 35 Heads ofthe Veterans Affairs Council, Executive Yuan (VAC) ................................................................................ 36 Heads ofthe Overseas Community Affairs Council (OCAC) ................................................................................... 36 Heads ofthe Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC) ....................................................................... 37 Heads ofthe Hakka Affairs Council, Executive Yuan ................................................................................................ 37 Heads ofthe Council ofIndigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan (CIP) ...................................................................... 37 Directors ofthe National Palace Museum (NPM) ....................................................................................................... 38 Important officials and heads ofother major agencies ..................................................................................................... 39 Presidents ofthe Central News Agency (CNA) ........................................................................................................... 39 CNA Chairpersons ............................................................................................................................................................. 39 Heads ofCentral Broadcasting System (CBS) / Radio Taiwan International (RTI).............................................. 40 Chairpersons ofthe Public Television Service (PTS) .................................................................................................. 40 Chairpersons ofthe Aviation Safety Council, Executive Yuan (ASC) ...................................................................... 40 Director-generals ofthe Civil Aeronautics Administration, MOTC (CAA) ........................................................... 41 Chairpersons ofthe Taoyuan International Airport Corporation (TIAC) .............................................................. 41 Chairpersons ofChina Airlines (CAL) ........................................................................................................................... 42 CAL Presidents ................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Chairpersons ofthe Taiwan High Speed Rail Corporation (THSRC) ...................................................................... 42 THSRC CEOs ..................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Director-generals ofthe Bureau ofHigh Speed Rail, MOTC (BOHSR) ................................................................ 43 Director-generals ofthe Taiwan Railways Administration, MOTC (TRA) ............................................................. 43 Director-generals ofthe Maritime and Port Bureau, MOTC (MPB) ....................................................................... 43 Chairperson ofthe Taiwan International Ports Corporation Ltd. (TIPC) .............................................................. 44 Chairpersons ofthe Chunghwa Post .............................................................................................................................. 44 Chairpersons ofthe Chunghwa Telecom ...................................................................................................................... 45 Presidents ofthe Chunghwa Telecom ............................................................................................................................ 45 Director-generals ofthe Bureau ofEnergy, MOEA (BOE) ..................................................................................... 45 Chairpersons ofthe Taiwan Power Company (Taipower) .......................................................................................... 45 Presidents ofTaipower ...................................................................................................................................................... 46 Chairpersons ofthe CPC Corporation, Taiwan (CPC) ............................................................................................... 47 CPC Presidents ................................................................................................................................................................... 47 Chairpersons ofthe China Steel Corporation (CSC) ................................................................................................... 47 Chairpersons ofthe CSBC Corporation Taiwan .......................................................................................................... 48 Chairpersons ofthe Taiwan Tobacco and Liquor Corporation (TTL) .................................................................... 48 Chairpersons ofthe Taiwan Sugar Corporation (TSC) ............................................................................................... 49 Chairpersons ofthe Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) ..................................................................... 49 ITRI Presidents ................................................................................................................................................................... 50 Chairpersons ofthe Institute for Information Industry (III) .................................................................................... 50 III Presidents ....................................................................................................................................................................... 51 Director-generals ofthe Hsinchu Science Park Administration, MOST ................................................................. 51 Chairpersons ofthe National Applied Science Laboratories (NARL) ..................................................................... 51 NARL Presidents ................................................................................................................................................................ 52 Directors ofthe Chung-Shan Institute ofScience and Technology (CSIST) ......................................................... 52 Presidents ofthe National Taiwan University (NTU) since 1945 ............................................................................. 53 Director-generals ofthe National Central Library, MOE (NCL) ............................................................................. 54 Conveners/co-conveners ofthe Board ofScience and Technology (BOST) ........................................................ 54 Director-generals ofthe National Health Insurance Administration, MOHW (NHI) ......................................... 54 Director-generals ofthe National Immigration Agency, MOI (NIA) ...................................................................... 55 Heads ofthe National Security Bureau (NSB) ............................................................................................................. 55 Chiefs ofGeneral Staff(CGS) ........................................................................................................................................ 55 Directors ofthe Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall Management Office ................................................................... 56 Director-generals ofthe MOJ Investigation Bureau (MJIB) ...................................................................................... 57 Director-generals ofthe Agency Against Corruption, MOJ (AAC) ......................................................................... 57 TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 3 ROC Prosecutor-generals .................................................................................................................................................. 57 Directors and spokespersons ofthe Special Investigation Division (SID).............................................................. 57 Presidents ofthe Taiwan Institute ofEconomic Research (TIER) .......................................................................... 58 Presidents ofthe Chung-Hua Institution for Economic Research (CIER)............................................................. 58 Chairpersons ofthe Bank ofTaiwan (BOT) ................................................................................................................ 58 Chairpersons ofthe Taipei Financial Center Corporation (TFCC) .......................................................................... 59 Chairpersons ofthe Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation (TSEC) ......................................................................... 59 Director-generals ofthe Bureau ofForeign Trade, MOEA (BOFT) ....................................................................... 60 Chairpersons ofthe Taiwan External Trade Development Council (TAITRA) .................................................... 60 Chairpersons ofthe Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) ........................................................................................... 60 SEF secretary-generals ....................................................................................................................................................... 62 Secretary-generals ofthe International Cooperation and Development Fund (ICDF) ........................................ 62 Chairpersons ofthe Association ofForeign Relations (AFR) ................................................................................... 63 Presidents ofthe Chinese Taipei Olympic Committee ............................................................................................... 63 Selected diplomats (US, Japan, UN, WTO) .......................................................................................................................... 63 ROC representatives to the United States ofAmerica (USA) ................................................................................... 63 Chairpersons ofthe Coordination Council ofNorth American Affairs, MOFA (CCNAA) .............................. 64 ROC representatives in Japan after WWII ..................................................................................................................... 64 Chairpersons ofthe Association ofEast Asian Relations, MOFA (AEAR) ........................................................... 65 ROC representatives to the United Nations (UN) ....................................................................................................... 65 Taiwans representatives to the World Trade Organization (WTO) .......................................................................... 65 Past and present ministers without portfolio in the ROC Executive Yuan .................................................................... 65 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after May 31, 1948)............................................................................ 66 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Dec. 22, 1948) ........................................................................... 66 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after March 21, 1949) ........................................................................ 66 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after June 12, 1949) ........................................................................... 66 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after March 12, 1950) ........................................................................ 66 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after June 1, 1954) ............................................................................. 66 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after July 15, 1958)............................................................................. 67 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Dec. 16, 1963) ........................................................................... 67 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after June 1, 1972) ............................................................................. 67 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after June 1, 1978) ............................................................................. 67 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after June 1, 1984) ............................................................................. 67 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after June 1, 1989) ............................................................................. 68 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Feb. 27, 1993) ............................................................................ 68 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Feb. 28, 1996) ............................................................................ 68 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Sept. 1, 1997) ............................................................................ 69 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Jan 27, 1999) .............................................................................. 69 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after May 20, 2000)............................................................................ 69 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Oct. 6, 2000) ............................................................................. 69 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Feb. 1, 2002) .............................................................................. 69 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after May 20, 2004)............................................................................ 70 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after May 20, 2008)............................................................................ 70 Ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Sept. 10, 2009) .......................................................................... 70 Current/recent ministers without portfolio (appointed on or after Feb. 6, 2012) .................................................. 71 Retrospectiveabolished major government agencies ...................................................................................................... 71 Ministry ofFood ................................................................................................................................................................ 71 Taiwan Garrison Command ............................................................................................................................................. 71 Planning Commission for the Recovery ofthe Mainland ........................................................................................... 72 921 Earthquake Post-Disaster Recovery Commission, Executive Yuan .................................................................. 72 Consumer Protection Commission, Executive Yuan ................................................................................................... 72 Government Information Office, Executive Yuan (GIO) .......................................................................................... 73 Sports Affairs Council, Executive Yuan (SAC) ............................................................................................................. 73 National Youth Commission, Executive Yuan (NYC)................................................................................................. 74 Council for Economic Planning and Development (CEPD) ..................................................................................... 74 Research, Development and Evaluation Commission, Executive Yuan (RDEC) .................................................. 75 3. The ROCs four other Yuan and their ministries ................................................................. 75 The Legislative Yuan ................................................................................................................................................................. 76 Presidents ofthe Legislative Yuan .................................................................................................................................. 76 Vice Presidents ofthe Legislative Yuan ......................................................................................................................... 76 Secretary-generals ofthe Legislative Yuan since 1948 ................................................................................................ 76 Committees under the Legislative Yuan ......................................................................................................................... 77 TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 4 The Judicial Yuan ...................................................................................................................................................................... 77 Presidents ofthe Judicial Yuan ........................................................................................................................................ 77 Vice Presidents ofthe Judicial Yuan ............................................................................................................................... 77 Secretary-generals ofthe Judicial Yuan since 1948 ...................................................................................................... 78 Courts under the Judicial Yuan ........................................................................................................................................ 78 Presidents ofthe ROC Supreme Court ......................................................................................................................... 79 Other organizations under the Judicial Yuan ................................................................................................................. 79 The Control Yuan ..................................................................................................................................................................... 79 Presidents ofthe Control Yuan ....................................................................................................................................... 79 Vice Presidents ofthe Control Yuan .............................................................................................................................. 80 Secretary-generals ofthe Control Yuan since 1945 ..................................................................................................... 80 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofAudit (Control Yuan) ..................................................................................................... 80 Committees under the Control Yuan .............................................................................................................................. 81 The Examination Yuan ............................................................................................................................................................ 81 Presidents ofthe Examination Yuan .............................................................................................................................. 81 Vice Presidents ofthe Examination Yuan ..................................................................................................................... 81 Secretary-generals ofthe Examination Yuan since 1948 ............................................................................................ 82 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofExamination (Examination Yuan) ............................................................................... 82 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofCivil Service (Examination Yuan) ................................................................................ 83 Organizations under the Examination Yuan ................................................................................................................. 83 4. The ROC National Assembly ............................................................................................. 83 Secretary-generals ofthe ROC National Assembly ............................................................................................................ 84 Speakers ofthe Third National Assembly and the ad hoc-National Assembly ofthe ROC ........................................ 84 Elections for the ROC National Assembly .......................................................................................................................... 84 Plenary sessions ofthe First National Assembly ofthe ROC ......................................................................................... 84 5. ROC provincial governors and local leaders since 1945 ....................................................... 84 Governors ofTaiwan Province (ROC) ................................................................................................................................. 84 Governors ofFujian Province (ROC) .................................................................................................................................. 85 Mayors ofTaipei City ............................................................................................................................................................... 86 Mayors ofKaohsiung City ...................................................................................................................................................... 86 6. Taiwans major political parties .......................................................................................... 87 Overview..................................................................................................................................................................................... 87 Leaders ofthe Chinese Nationalist Party/Kuomintang (KMT) ...................................................................................... 87 KMT chairmen.................................................................................................................................................................... 87 KMT secretary-generals .................................................................................................................................................... 88 Heads ofthe KMT Youth League .................................................................................................................................. 88 Facts about the KMT ......................................................................................................................................................... 89 Party congresses (national congress) ofthe KMT ................................................................................................... 89 Chairpersons ofthe China Youth National Salvation Corps (CYC)......................................................................... 89 Leaders and factions ofthe Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) .................................................................................. 90 DPP chairpersons ............................................................................................................................................................... 90 DPP secretary-generals ...................................................................................................................................................... 90 Facts about the DPP .......................................................................................................................................................... 91 DPP factions........................................................................................................................................................................ 91 Party congresses/national conventions ofthe DPP .................................................................................................... 92 Chairmen ofWorld United Formosans for Independence (WUFI) ......................................................................... 92 Presidents ofFormosan Association for Public Affairs (FAPA) ............................................................................... 93 Leaders ofother parties ........................................................................................................................................................... 93 NP chairman........................................................................................................................................................................ 93 PFP chairman ...................................................................................................................................................................... 93 TSU chairpersons ............................................................................................................................................................... 93 NPSU chairpersons ............................................................................................................................................................ 93 7. Secessionist states on ROC territory before1945 ................................................................. 93 Yuan Shikais Empire ofChina (19151916) ............. 94Mengkiang (19361945) ........................................ 95 Chinese Soviet Republic (19311937) ............................. 94Wang Ching-wei Regime (19401945) ................ 95 Manchukuo (19321945) ................................................... 94Presidents .......................................................... 95 Premiers .......................................................................... 94Vice President ................................................... 95 Chinese Republic (19331934) ......................................... 94Forerunners ....................................................... 95 TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 5 EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS USED IN THIS FILE @ .... acting ...... was appointed but did not actually take office ...... died in office...... resignation was validated only after appointment ofsuccessor .... executed ...... that person is also known under another name, cited below ..... civilian ...... indicates an entity which was eventually abolished .... took a leave ofabsence .... indicates a subordinate agency/committee/organization .... nuclear facility....... official Chinese title ofthe agencys head 1. ROC Presidents Details about the office TOP JOBThe presidency is the highest and most powerful position in ROC politics. The president is not only head ofstate and commander-in-chiefofthe armed forces; he or she has the authority to appoint the head ofthe ExecutiveYuan(=premier),of theJudicialYuan(aswellasitsgrandjustices[dafaguan ]),of theControl Yuan, and ofthe Examination Yuan. Furthermore, the president represents the ROC in foreign relations. In Chinese, thepresidentiscalledzongtong andthevicepresidentfuzongtong ,theirofficezongtongfu (term applies both to the institution and its building in downtown Taipei). If theofficeof theROCpresidentbecomesvacant,thevicepresident(VP)servestheremainderof theterm until its expiration. Ifduring that time the VP becomes incapacitated as well, the Constitution ofthe ROC (Zhonghua minguoxianfa )providesthefollowinglineof succession:Presidentof theExecutiveYuan/Premier (xingzhengyuan yuanzhang ), Vice President ofthe Executive Yuan/Vice Premier (xingzhengyuan fuyuanzhang). Since1948,theinaugurationdateof theROCpresidentattheonsetof eachnewtermhasbeenMay20, following the election in the first quarter ofthe same year. Before March 1996, the president was elected by the ROC National Assembly (guomin dahui ). Since then the president has been elected directly by the citizens ofthe ROC. That change ofthe electoral process came along with a reduction ofthe presidents term ofoffice from six to four years, and he or she is now also barred from serving more than two consecutive terms. ORGANIZATIONTheorganizationalchartontheofficialwebsiteof theROCPresidentialOfficeliststhe following posts, departments and institutions: Secretary-General to the President (mishuzhang ) Deputy Secretary-General to the President (fu mishuzhang ) First Bureau (diyiju ) Second Bureau (dierju ) Third Bureau (disanju ) Department ofSpecial Affairs (jiyaoshi ) Department ofSecurity Affairs (shiweishi ) Department ofPublic Affairs (gonggong shiwushi ) Personnel Department (renshichu ) Department ofAccounting and Statistics (zhujichu ) Government Ethics Department (zhengfengchu ) Legal Affairs Committee (fagui weiyuanhui ) Academia Sinica (zhongyang yanjiuyuan ) Academia Historica (guoshiguan ) TwomoreagenciesworthnotingundertheROCPresidentialOfficearetheHumanRightsConsultative Committee(zongtongfurenquanzixunweiyuanhui ),establishedonDec.10,2010andheaded by the sitting VP, and the Presidential Office Financial Advisory Group (caijing zixun xiaozu ). The function ofSpokesperson ofthe Presidential Office (zongtongfu fayanren ) has at times been a separate post in its own right. According to information provided by the Presidential Office, the position is usually TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 6 filledbybyaseniorofficialof thePresidentialOfficesuchasthesecretary-general,deputysecretary-general (fumishuzhang ), or director ofthe Department ofPublic Affairs (zongtongfu gonggong shiwushi zhuren )andreassignedasnecessary.Additionally,thepresidentalsoconsultswithsenioradvisors (zizheng ), national policy advisors (guoce guwen ), and military strategy advisors (zhanle guwen ) appointedbyhimorher.Thepresidentialofficechief of security(zongtongfushiweizhang )is responsible for handling the protection ofthe president and the VP. Another noteworthy agency under the ROC Presidential Office was the National Unification Council (guojia tongyi weiyuanhui ,abbrev.guotonghui inChineseandNUCinEnglish)whichwasestablishedon Oct.7,1990byROCPresidentLeeTeng-hui.TheNUCwassuspendedwhenLeessuccessorChenShui-bian announced on Feb. 27, 2006 that it would cease to function (zhongzhi yunzuo ). PRESIDENTS OF THE ROC 19121948 Early Republic 19121916 Start oftermNameBorn/diedNative Province 1/1912Sun Yat-sen [Sun Yixian]1866-1925Guangdong 3/1912 Yuan Shikai 1859-1916Henan Period ofthe Warlords 1916-1928Northern China Start oftermNameBorn/diedNative Province 6/1916Li Yuan-hung [Li Yuanhong]1864-1928Hubei 7/1917Feng Kuo-chang [Feng Guozhang]1859-1919Hebei 10/1918Hsu Shih-chang [Xu Shichang]1855-1939Henan 6/1922Li Yuan-hung (second time) 10/1923Tsao Kun [Cao Kun]1862-1938Tianjin 10/1924Tuan Chi-jui [Duan Qirui]1865-1936Anhui 5/1926 @Yen Hui-ching [Yan Huiqing]1877-1950Shanghai 6/1927 Chang Tso-lin [Zhang Zuolin]1873-1928Liaoning Period ofthe Warlords 1916-1928Southern China Start oftermNameBorn/diedNative Province 5/1921 Sun Yat-sen [Sun Yixian]1866-1925Guangdong 7/1925Wang Ching-wei [Wang Jingwei]1883-1944Guangdong 3/1926Tan Yen-kai [Tan Yankai]1880-1930Hunan Nationalist Government 19281948 Start oftermNameBorn/diedNative Province 2/1928Tan Yen-kai [Tan Yankai]1880-1930Hunan 10/1928Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi]1887-1975Zhejiang 12/1931 Lin Sen 1868-1943Fujian 6/1943Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi]1887-1975Zhejiang Between1925and1948thetitlepresident(dazongtong )wasreplacedwithchairmanof thenational government (guomin zhengfu zhuxi ). PRESIDENTS / VICE PRESIDENTS OF THE ROC SINCE 1948 No.TermPresidentVice President (VP) 15/19485/1954Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi] (1887-1975, Zhejiang) Li Tsung-jen [Li Zongren] (1891-1969, Guangxi) "1/19492/1950Li Tsung-jen @ 25/19545/1960Chiang Kai-shekChen Cheng (1898-1965, Zhejiang) 35/19605/1966Chiang Kai-shekChen Cheng TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 7 45/19665/1972Chiang Kai-shekYen Chia-kan [Yan Jiagan] (1905-1993, Jiangsu) 55/19724/1975Chiang Kai-shek Yen Chia-kan "4/19755/1978Yen Chia-kan (served out late president Chiang Kai-sheks last term) 65/19785/1984Chiang Ching-kuo [Jiang Jingguo] (1910-1988, Zhejiang) Shieh Tung-min [Xie Dongmin] (1907-2001, Taiwan) 75/19841/1988Chiang Ching-kuo Lee Teng-hui [Li Denghui] (b. 1923, Taiwan) "1/19885/1990Lee Teng-hui (served out late president Chiang Ching-kuos last term) 85/19905/1996Lee Teng-huiLi Yuan-zu [Li Yuancu] (b. 1923, Hunan) 95/19965/2000Lee Teng-huiLien Chan [Lian Zhan] (b. 1936, Shaanxi/Taiwan) 105/20005/2004Chen Shui-bian (b. 1950, Taiwan)Annette Lu [L Xiulian] (b. 1944, Taiwan) 115/20045/2008Chen Shui-bianAnnette Lu 125/20085/2012Ma Ying-jeou [Ma Yingjiu] (b. 1950, Hong Kong/Hunan) Vincent Siew [Xiao Wanchang] (b. 1939, Taiwan) 135/20122016Ma Ying-jeouWu Den-yih [Wu Dunyi] (b. 1948, Taiwan) WhenChiangKai-shek(CKS)announcedhisretirementfromthepresidencyonJan.21,1949,VPLi Tsung-jen began exercising his powers temporarily. Li left the ROC for the US on Dec. 7 that year, and Chiang resumed office on March 1, 1950. First Ladies ofthe ROC PeriodNameBorn/diedNative province 5/19481/1949Soong May-ling [Song Meiling]1897-2003Shanghai 1/19492/1950Guo Dejie 1906-1966Guangxi 5/19504/1975Soong May-ling (second time) 4/19755/1978C. S. Liu [Liu Qichun]1908?-2000Shandong 5/19781/1988Faina Epatcheva Vahaleva [Jiang Fangliang] 1916-2004 1/19885/2000Tseng Wen-fui [Zeng Wenhui]b. 1926Taiwan 5/20005/2008Wu Shu-chen [Wu Shuzhen]b. 1952Taiwan 5/2008Chow Mei-ching [Zhou Meiqing]b. 1952Hong Kong/Jiangsu Like in most countries, the First Lady (diyi furen ) ofthe ROC is not a formal office, but being the spouse ofthe head ofstate involves certain ceremonial duties and social obligations. Secretary-generals ofthe ROC presidential office TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 5/194812/1948Wu Ting-chang [Wu Dingchang]1884-1950Sichuan 12/19483/1949Wu Chung-hsin [Wu Zhongxin]1884-1959Anhui 3/19496/1949Wang Wen-ho [Weng Wenhao]1889-1971Zhejiang 6/19493/1950Chiu Chang-wei [Qiu Changwei]1898-1956Hunan 3/195011/1953Wang Shih-chieh [Wang Shijie]1891-1981Hubei 11/19535/1954 @Hsu Ching-chih [Xu Jingzhi]1895-1984Zhejiang 5/19545/1972Chang Chun [Zhang Qun]1889-1990Sichuan 5/19725/1978Cheng Yin-fun [Zheng Yanfen]1902-1990Guangdong 5/197812/1978Tsiang Yien-si [Jiang Yanshi]1915-1998Zhejiang 12/19785/1984Ma Chi-chuang [Ma Jizhuang]1912-1998Hebei 5/198410/1988Shen Chang-huan 1913-1998Jiangsu 10/19885/1990Li Yuan-zu [Li Yuancu]b. 1923Hunan 5/199012/1994Tsiang Yien-si (second time) 12/19948/1996Wu Po-hsiung [Wu Boxiong]b. 1939Taiwan TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 8 8/199611/1999Huang Kun-huei [Huang Kunhui]b. 1936Taiwan 11/199912/1999John Chang [Zhang Xiaoyan]b. 1941Jiangxi/Zhejiang 12/19995/2000Ding Mou-shih [Ding Maoshi]b. 1925Yunnan 5/20007/2000Chang Chun-hsiung [Zhang Junxiong]b. 1938Taiwan 7/20002/2002Yu Shyi-kun [You Xikun]b. 1948Taiwan 2/20022/2003Chen Shih-meng [Chen Shimeng]b. 1948Zhejiang 2/20035/2004Chiou I-jen [Qiu Yiren]b. 1950Taiwan 5/20041/2005Su Tseng-chang [Su Zhenchang]b. 1947Taiwan 2/200512/2005Yu Shyi-kun (second time) 12/20051/2006 @Ma Yung-cheng [Ma Yongcheng]b. 1965Taiwan 1/20062/2007Mark Chen Tan-sun [Chen Tangshan]b. 1935Taiwan 2/20075/2007Chiou I-jen (second time) 5/20078/2007 @Cho Jung-tai [Zhuo Rongtai]b. 1959Taiwan 8/20073/2008Yeh Chu-lan [Ye Julan]b. 1949Taiwan 3/20085/2008Mark Chen Tan-sun (second time) 5/20089/2009Chan Chun-po [Zhan Chunbo]b. 1941Taiwan 9/20092/2011Liao Liou-yi [Liao Liaoyi]b. 1947Taiwan 2/20111/2012Wu Jin-lin b. 1947Taiwan 2/20129/2012Tseng Yung-chuan [Zeng Yongquan]b. 1947Taiwan 9/2012Timothy Yang [Yang Jintian]b. 1942Taiwan Secretary-generals ofthe National Security Council TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 2/19515/1954Kuo Chi-chiao [Guo Jijiao]1901-1998Anhui 7/19548/1957Chow Chih-jou [Zhou Zhirou]1899-1986Zhejiang 8/1957Chang Chun [Zhang Qun]1889-1990Sichuan 6/19592/1967Ku Chu-tong [Gu Zhutong]1893-1987Jiangsu 2/19676/1979Huang Shao-ku [Huang Shaogu]1901-1996Hunan 6/19795/1984Shen Chang-huan 1913-1998Jiangsu 5/19846/1986Wang Tao-yuan [Wang Daoyuan]1913-2011Anhui 6/19863/1993Wego Chiang [Jiang Weiguo]1916-1997Japan 3/19939/1994Shih Chi-yang [Shi Qiyang]b. 1935Taiwan 9/199412/1999Ding Mou-shih [Ding Maoshi]b. 1925Yunnan 12/19995/2000Yin Tsung-wen [Yin Zongwen]1932-2003Jiangsu 5/20008/2001Chuang Ming-yao [Zhuang Mingyao]1929-2002Taiwan 8/20013/2002Ting Yu-chou [Ding Yuzhou]b. 1944Shandong 3/20022/2003Chiou I-jen [Qiu Yiren]b. 1950Taiwan 2/20035/2004Kang Ning-hsiang [Kang Ningxiang]b. 1938Taiwan 5/20042/2007Chiou I-jen (second time) 2/20073/2008Mark Chen Tan-sun [Chen Tangshan]b. 1935Taiwan 3/20085/2008 @Chen Chung-hsin [Chen Zhongxin]b. 1949Taiwan 5/20082/2010Su Chi [Su Qi]b. 1949Taiwan 2/201010/2012Hu Wei-jen [Hu Weizhen]b. 1947Zhejiang/Jiangsu 10/20122/2014Jason Yuan [Yuan Jiansheng]b. 1942Guizhou 3/2014King Pu-tsung [Jin Pucong]b. 1956Taiwan TheNationalSecurityCouncil(guojiaanquanhuiyi ,abbrev.guoanhui )undertheROC PresidentialOfficewasestablishedonFeb.20,1951.Itschairman(zhuxi )isnominallythesittingROC president, but the person in charge ofits daily business is its secretary-general (mishuzhang ). In English, it is also sometimes referred to as National Security Conference. Before February 1967 it was called Defense Council (guofang huiyi ). Presidents ofAcademia Sinica [under the ROC Presidential Office] TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 4/19283/1940 Tsai Yuan-pei [Cai Yuanpei]1868-1940Zhejiang TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 9 9/194010/1957Chu Chia-hwa [Zhu Jiahua]1893-1963Zhejiang 12/19572/1962 Hu Shih [Hu Shi]1891-1962Anhui 5/19624/1970Wang Shih-chieh [Wang Shijie]1891-1981Hubei 5/19709/1983 Chien Shih-liang [Qian Siliang]1908-1983Zhejiang 10/19831/1994Wu Ta-you [Wu Dayou]1907-2000Guangdong 1/199410/2006Lee Yuan-tseh [Li Yuanzhe]b. 1936Taiwan 10/2006Wong Chi-huey [Weng Qihui]b. 1948Taiwan TheAcademiaSinica(zhongyangyanjiuyuan ,abbrev.zhongyanyuan ,yuanzhang )was established on June 9, 1928. Membership as an Academician (yuanshi ) is usually awarded as an honorary lifetime privilegeinrecognitionof theachievementsof renownedscientistsorresearchers.Besidesdirectlysubordinate organizationsliketheCenterforSustainabilityScience(yongxukexuezhongxin )andtheAcademia SinicaDigitalCenter(zhongyangyanjiuyuanshuweiwenhuazhongxin ),AcademiaSinica currently consists of24 institutes and 7 research centers in three divisions. Division of Mathematics and Physical Sciences (shuli kexuezu ): Institute ofMathematics (shuxue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofPhysics (wuli yanjiusuo ) Institute ofChemistry (huaxue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofEarth Sciences (diqiu kexue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofInformation Science (zixun kexue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofStatistical Science (tongji kexue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofAtomic and Molecular Sciences (yuanzi yu fenzi kexue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofAstronomy and Astrophysics (tianwen ji tianwen wuli yanjiusuo ) Research Center for Applied Sciences (yingyong kexue yanjiu zhongxin ) Research Center for Environmental Changes (huanjing bianqian yanjiu zhongxin ) Research Center for Information Technology Innovation (zixun keji chuangxin yanjiu zhongxin ) Division of Life Sciences (shengming kexuezu ): Institute ofPlant and Microbial Biology (zhiwu ji wei shengwuxue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofCellular and Organismic Biology (xipao yu geti shengwuxue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofBiological Chemistry (shengwu huaxue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofMolecular Biology (fenzi shengwu yanjiusuo ) Institute ofBiomedical Sciences (shengwu yixue kexue yanjiusuo ) Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center (nongye shengwu keji yanjiu zhongxin ) Genomics Research Center (jiyinti yanjiu zhongxin ) Biodiversity Research Center (shengwu duoyangxing yanjiu zhongxin ) Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences (renwen shehui kexuezu ): Institute ofHistory and Philology (lishi yuyan yanjiusuo ) Institute ofEthnology (minzuxue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofModern History (jindaishi yanjiusuo ) Institute ofEconomics (jingji yanjiusuo ) Institute ofEuropean and American Studies (Ou Mei yanjiusuo ) Institute ofChinese Literature and Philosophy (Zhongguo wenzhe yanjiusuo ) Institute ofTaiwan History (Taiwanshi yanjiusuo ) Institute ofSociology (shehuixue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofLinguistics (yuyanxue yanjiusuo ) Institute ofPolitical Science (zhengzhixue yanjiusuo ) Institutum Iurisprudentiae (falxue yanjiusuo ) Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences (renwen shehui kexue yanjiu zhongxin ) Presidents ofAcademia Historica [under the ROC Presidential Office] TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 6/19572/1969Lo Chia-lun [Luo Jialun]1897-1969Jiangxi 8/19686/1984Huang Chi-lu [Huang Jilu]1899-1985Sichuan 6/19849/1990Chu Hwei-sen [Zhu Huisen]1911-2006Jiangsu TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 10 9/19903/1995Chu Shao-hwa [Qu Shaohua]1914-1996Hebei 3/19954/2000Pan Chen-chew [Pan Zhenqiu]1918-2010Jiangsu 5/20005/2008Chang Yen-hsien [Zhang Yanxian]b. 1947Taiwan 5/200812/2010Lin Man-houng [Lin Manhong]b. 1951Taiwan 12/20101/2011 @Liu Pao-kuei [Liu Baogui]b. 1954Taiwan 1/2011Lu Fang-shang [L Fang-shang]b. 1944N/A TheAcademiaHistorica(guoshiguan ,guanzhang )wasestablishedinJanuary1947.Asubordinate institution is Taiwan Historica (Taiwan wenxianguan ). 2. ROC central government officials After the Republic ofChina was foundedin 1912, the government was headed by the premier (zongli ). When ROCPresidentYuanShikaidiedonJune6,1916,thepoliticalorderquicklydissolvedinaperiodof division dominatedbylocalwarlords(junfa ).Theauthorityof theROCcentralgovernmentwasrestoredinJuly1928 with thesuccessfulcompletion oftheNorthern Expedition(beifa zhanzheng )against the warlords.The ExecutiveYuanof theROCwasestablishedinOctober1928,anditsheadhasbeentheequivalentof a premier/primeministereversince.ThefollowinglistshowstheROCpremiersintimeswhentherewasanun-disputed central government. Early ROC premiers [19121916] TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 3/19126/1912Tang Shao-yi 1860-1938Guangdong 6/19129/1912Lou Tseng-tsiang [Lu Zhengxiang]1871-1949Shanghai 9/19125/1913Chao Ping-chun [Zhao Bingjun]1859-1914Henan 5/19137/1913 @Tuan Chi-jui [Duan Qirui]1865-1936Anhui 7/19132/1914 @Hsiung Hsi-ling [Xiong Xiling]1867-1937Hunan 2/19145/1914Sun Pao-chi [Sun Baoqi]1867-1931Zhejiang 5/19144/1916Hsu Shih-chang [Xu Shichang]1855-1939Tianjin 4/19161917Tuan Chi-jui (second time) THE ROC EXECUTIVE YUAN Founding and development ofthe Executive Yuan before 2012 The ROC central government has been reorganized several times since the Executive Yuan (xingzhengyuan )wasestablishedonOct.25,1928.Typically,restructuringof thecentralgovernmentinvolvesnotonlythe creationof newagenciesandtheabolitionof existingonesbutalsochangesandshiftsconcerningdepartments under specific agencies and modification oftheir responsibilities. The ROC has seen several rounds ofgovernment restructuring, especially in the troubled decade following the end ofWWII. Initially, the ROC central government in Nanjing comprised 7 ministriesMinistry ofInterior (MOI), Ministry ofForeign Affairs (MOFA), Ministry ofFinance (MOF), Ministry ofCommunications (jiaotongbu ), Ministry ofJustice (MOJ), Ministry ofFarming and Mining (nongkuangbu ), and Ministry ofCommerce (gongshangbu ),aswellasotheragenciesnotbearingthenameMinistry.InEnglish,thetitleof thePresidentof the ExecutiveYuan(xingzhengyuanyuanzhang )isusuallytranslatedaspremier,thetitleof theVice Presidentof theExecutiveYuan(xingzhengyuanfuyuanzhang )asvicepremier.Inwrittenlanguage, Chinese media often use the ancient title prime minister (kui ) for reports about the ROC premier. After the government was restructured in September 1930, there were 11 ministriesMOI, MOFA, MOF, MOJ, ArmyMinistry(lujunbu ),NavyMinistry(haijunbu ),Ministryof Education(MOE),MinistryofCommunications,Ministryof FarmingandMining,Ministryof Commerce,andMinistryof StateEnterprises (guoying shiyebu ). The ROC Yearbook 1945 listed 11 ministries under the Executive YuanMOI, MOFA, Ministryof War(junzhengbu ),MOF,Ministryof EconomicAffairs(MOEA),MOE,MOJ,MinistryofTILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 11 Communications, Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry (nonglinbu ), Ministry ofSocial Affairs (shehuibu ), and Ministry ofFood. The following table shows details on the ROC government restructuring according to information listed on the website ofthe ROC Executive Yuan. The date refers to the day a particular government restructuring took effect. DateStructure/agencies 1947,17 agencies March 3114 ministries (bu ): Ministry ofInterior (MOI), Ministry ofForeign Affairs (MOFA), Ministry ofNational Defense (MND), Ministry ofFinance (MOF), Ministry ofEducation (MOE), Ministry ofJustice (MOJ), Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry, Ministry ofCommerce, Ministry ofCommunications, Ministry ofPosts and Telecommunications (youdianbu ), Ministry ofLabour Affairs (laodongbu ), Ministry ofWater Resources (shuilibu ), Ministry ofLand Administration (dizhengbu ), Ministry ofHealth (weishengbu , abbrev. MOH) 3 councils/commissions (hui ): Resources Commission (ziyuan weiyuanhui ), Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC), Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission (OCAC) 1947,19 agencies April 2215 ministries (bu ): MOI, MOFA, MND, MOF, Ministry ofEconomic Affairs (MOEA), MOE, Ministry ofCommunications, Ministry ofPosts and Telecommunications, Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry, Ministry ofSocial Affairs, Ministry ofFood, Ministry ofWater Resources, MOJ, Ministry ofLand Administration, MOH 3 councils/commissions (hui ): Resources Commission, MTAC, OCAC 1 office (ju ): Government Information Office (GIO) 1947,19 agencies Dec. 2514 ministries (bu ): MOI, MOFA, MND, MOF, MOE, MOJ, Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry, Ministry ofCommerce, Ministry ofCommunications, Ministry ofSocial Affairs, Ministry ofWater Resources, Ministry ofLand Administration, MOH, Ministry ofFood 3 councils/commissions (hui ): Resources Commission, MTAC, OCAC 1 directorate-general (chu ): Directorate-General ofBudget, Accounting and Statistics (zhujichu , abbrev. DGBAS) 1 office (ju ): GIO 1948,19 agencies May 1315 ministries (bu ): MOI, MOFA, MND, MOF, MOE, MOJ, Ministry ofAgriculture and Forestry, Ministry ofCommerce, Ministry ofCommunications, Ministry ofSocial Affairs, Ministry ofWater Resources, Ministry ofLand Administration, MOH, Ministry ofFood, Ministry ofBudget, Accounting and Statistics (zhujibu ) 3 councils/commissions (hui ): Resources Commission, MTAC, OCAC 1 office (ju ): GIO 1949,11 agencies March 218 ministries (bu ): MOI, MOFA, MND, MOF, MOE, MOJ, MOEA, Ministry ofCommunications 2 councils/commissions (hui ): MTAC, OCAC 1 directorate-general (chu ): DGBAS 1952,12 agencies Nov. 208 ministries (bu ): MOI, MOFA, MND, MOF, MOE, MOJ, MOEA, Ministry ofCommunications 2 councils/commissions (hui ): MTAC, OCAC 1 directorate-general (chu ): DGBAS 1 office (ju ): GIO 1980,12 agencies June 298 ministries (bu ): MOI, MOFA, MND, MOF, MOE, MOJ, MOEA, Ministry ofCommunications 2 councils/commissions (hui ): MTAC, OCAC 1 directorate-general (chu ): DGBAS 1 office (ju ): GIO The most significant ROC government restructuring before the 1950s was the one which was enacted on March 21, 1949 and saw the reduction from 15 to 8 ministries: TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 12 The Ministry ofSocial Affairs, Ministry ofLand Administration, and the MOH were integrated into the MOI. The Ministry ofFood was integrated into the MOF. TheMinistryof AgricultureandForestry,Ministryof Commerce,Ministryof WaterResources,andthe Resources Commission were merged into the MOEA. Betweenformalgovernmentrestructurings,differentchangesinthecentralgovernmentdidoccurquiteoften, usually the creation ofnew agencies when the circumstances made such a change necessary. Agenciesfoundedafter1952,Nov.20andbefore1980,June29:VeteransAffairsCommission(VAC),Atomic Energy Council (AEC), National Science Council (NSC), National Youth Commission (NYC), Central Personnel Administration(renxingju ,abbrev.CPA),Research,DevelopmentandEvaluationCommission(RDEC), and Department ofHealth (DOH). Agencies founded after 1980, June 29, and before 2012, Jan. 1:Central Election Commission (CEC), Council ofLaborAffairs(CLA),EnvironmentalProtectionAdministration(EPA),MainlandAffairsCouncil(MAC),Fair Trade Commission (FTC), Consumer Protection Commission,Public Construction Commission (PCC), Council of IndigenousPeoples(CIP),SportsAffairsCouncil(SAC),AviationSafetyCouncil(ASC),CoastGuard Administration(CGA),921EarthquakePost-DisasterRecoveryCommission,HakkaAffairsCouncil,Financial Supervisory Commission (FSC), and National Communications Commission (NCC). 20122014 restructuring ofthe Executive Yuan A fresh round ofcomprehensive restructuring ofthe ROC government was started on Jan. 1, 2012 and will be completed on Dec. 31, 2014, reducing the number ofCabinet-level agencies under the Executive Yuan from 37 to 29 (for details see table below). A new Speaker Office under the Executive Yuan (xingzhengyuan fayanren shi ) was established as well. Structure before Jan. 1, 2012 (37 agencies)Structure after Jan. 1, 2015 (29 agencies) 8 ministries (bu ) 21 commissions/councils (weiyuanhui ) 2 offices/administrations (ju ) 3 administrations/departments (shu ) 1 directorate (chu ) 1 bank (hang ) => Central Bank 1 museum (yuan ) => National Palace Museum 14 ministries (bu ) 8 commissions/councils (weiyuanhui ) 2 directorates/administrations (zongchu ) 3 independent agencies (duli jiguan ) 2 affiliated agencies (fushu jiguan ) ThethreeindependentagenciesinthenewstructurearetheCEC,theNCC,andtheFTC;thetwoaffiliated agencies under the Executive Yuan are the Central Bank and the National Palace Museum (NPM). Please note that all heads ofthe fourteen ministries under the ROC Executive Yuan (as ofJan. 1, 2013) use the titlebuzhang .Thoseministers,theheadsoftheotheragenciesundertheExecutiveYuan,andtheMinisters without Portfolio (zhengwu weiyuan ) are also referred to as cabinet (neige ). The title zhuren weiyuan (mostly used by heads ofcommissions or councils) is often abbreviated as zhuwei . Summary ofthe 20122014 ROC government restructuringoverview and comparison Cabinet before Jan. 1, 2012Cabinet after Jan. 1, 2015 MOI MOI MOFA MOFA MND MND MOJ MOJ MOF MOF MOE MOE MOEAMinistry ofEconomic Affairs and Energy (jingji ji nengyuanbu ) MOTCMinistry ofTransport and Construction (jiaotong ji jianshebu ) COAMinistry ofAgriculture (nongyebu ) CLAMinistry ofLabor (laodongbu , abbrev. MOL) EPAMinistry ofEnvironment and Natural Ressources (huanjing ziyuanbu ) DOHMinistry ofHealth and Welfare (weisheng fulibu , abbrev. MOHW) NSCMinistry ofScience and Technology (kejibu , abbrev. MOST) TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 13 CCAMinistry ofCulture (wenhuabu , abbrev. MOC) MAC MAC VAC VAC OCAC OCAC Hakka Affairs Council Hakka Affairs Council CIP CIP FSC FSC FTC FTC (independent agency) NCC NCC (independent agency) CEC CEC (independent agency) Central Bank Central Bank (affiliated agency) NPM NPM (affiliated agency) DGBASDGBAS (zhuji zongchu ) CPA Directorate-General ofPersonnel Administration (renshi xingzheng zongchu , abbrev. DGPA) CGACouncil ofMarine Affairs (haiyang weiyuanhui ) CEPDNational Development Council (guojia fazhan weiyuanhui , abbrev. RDECNDC) Consumer Protection Commission GIO SACExplanation of symbols in this table NYC agency remained unchanged MTACagency was renamed/upgraded/transformed AECagency was abolished PCC Timetablethefirstcabinet-levelagencytobeaffectedbytherestructuringprojectwastheConsumerProtection Commission which was downgraded on Jan. 1, 2012. It was followed by DGBAS and the CPA, which were renamed onFeb.6,2012.OnMay20,2012theCCAwasupgradedtoMinistryof Culture(MOC),andtheGIOwas abolished.TheNYCandtheSACwereabolishedinearlyJanuary2013.TheDOHwasupgradedtoMinistryofHealth and Welfare (MOHW) on July 23, 2013. CEPD and RDEC were merged toNational Development Council (NDC) on Jan. 22, 2014. CLAwas upgraded to Ministry ofLabor(MOL) on Feb. 17, 2014. NSC was upgraded to Ministry ofScience and Technology(MOST) onMarch3, 2014.All other changes willhavebeenimplementedby Jan. 1, 2015. Inconsistent use ofthe term Cabinet-level agency? OfficialROCpublicationsexplainingtherestructuringof theExecutiveYuanoftenrefertoso-called Cabinet-levelagencies.Onthetopof theROCscentralgovernmentlevel,threecategoriesof agenciescanbe formallydistinguishedlevel-1centralagencies(zhongyangyijijiguan ),level-2centralagencies (zhongyangerjijiguan ),andlevel-3centralagencies(zhongyangsanjijiguan ).Thefirst categoryappliesforthehighestgovernmentlayerandcomprisesthePresidentialOffice,theNationalSecurity CouncilaswellastheFiveYuan.ThesecondlevelincludeswhatisusuallydubbedCabinet-levelagenciesin English, i. e. organizations subordinateto level-1central agencies. The third category consists ofsub-organizations ofthe second category, e. g. distinct agencies inside a ministry like the Bureau ofForeign Trade (jingjibu guoji maoyiju, abbrev. BOFT) et al. in the MOEA or the Tourism Bureau (jiaotongbu guanguangju ) in the MOTC. However,theuseof thetermCabinet-levelagenciesseemstobeinconsistent.InofficialROCsourcesthe termisnotappliedtootheragenciesundertheExecutiveYuanliketheASC,althoughitsstatusisapparentlyno different from the regular level-2 central agencies. The 20122014 ROC government restructuring saw the number oflevel-3 agencies reduced from 279 to 70. Other committees and organizations under the Executive Yuan OtherorganizationsuntertheExecutiveYuanthatdonotenjoythestatusof aministryincludetheNational Security Bureau (NSB) and the Board ofScience and Technology (BOST), as well as the following: TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 14 Referendum Review Committee (xingzhengyuan gongtou shenyi weiyuanhui or xingzhengyuan gongmin toupiao shenyi weiyuanhui , abbrev. gongshenhui in Chinese and RRC in English) Petitions and Appeals Committee (xingzhengyuan suyuan shenyi weiyuanhui , abbrev. sushen-hui ) MilitaryInjusticePetitionsCommittee(xingzhengyuanjunshiyuananshensuweiyuanhui ) Legal Affairs Committee (xingzhengyuan fagui weiyuanhui ) National Disaster Prevention and Protection Commission (xingzhengyuan zaihai fangjiu weiyuanhui , abbrev. NDPPC) CentralDisasterPreventionandResponseCouncil(zhongyangzaihaifangjiuhuibao ,abbrev. CDPRC) GenderEqualityCommittee(xingzhengyuanxingbiepingdenghui )/Departmentof Gender Equality (xingzhengyuan xingbie pingdengchu ) National Information and Communications Security Taskforce (xingzhengyuan guojia zitong anquan huibao , abbrev. NICST) National Information and Communications Initiative Committee(xingzhengyuan guojia zixuntongxin fazhan tuidong xiaozu , abbrev. NICI) NationalDevelopmentFund,ExecutiveYuan(xingzhengyuanguojiafazhanjijinguanlihui , abbrev. NDF) Sustainable Development Committee (xingzhengyuan guojia yongxu fazhan weiyuanhui ) Commission for Social Welfare Advancement (xingzhengyuan shehui fuli tuidong weiyuanhui ) Central Integrity Committee (zhongyang lianzheng weiyuanhui ) Human Rights Task Force (xingzhengyuan renquan baozhang tuidong xiaozu ) Task Force for Maritime Affairs (xingzhengyuan haiyang shiwu tuidong xiaozu ) International Living Environment Promotion Committee (xingzhengyuan yingzao guoji shenghuo huanjing tuidong xiaozu) AnotherorganizationworthmentioningistheNuclear-FreeHomelandCommissionof theROCExecutiveYuan (xingzhengyuanfeihejiayuantuidongweiyuanhui ),alsocalledCouncilforNuclearFree Homeland in English. It was established by the DPP-led government and convened for its first meeting on Sept. 13, 2002, but it appears to have become inactive after the KMTs return to power in 2008. ROC premiers/vice premierspre-constitutional period [1928-1948] PremierVice Premier 1928, Oct. 281930, Sept. 22 Tan Yen-kai [Tan Yankai] (1880-1930, Hunan) 1928, Oct. 281930, Sept. 22 Feng Yu-hsiang [Feng Yuxiang] (1882-1948, Anhui) 1930, Oct. 11931, Dec. 16 Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi] (1887-1975, Zhe-jiang) 1930, Oct. 11931, Dec. 16 T. V. Soong [Song Ziwen] (1894-1971, Shanghai) 1931, Dec. 161932, Jan. 1 Chen Ming-shu (1888-1965, Guangdong) 1932, Jan. 1Jan. 29 Sun Fo [Sun Ke] (1891-1973, Guangdong) 1932, Jan. 1Jan. 29 Chen Ming-shu 1932, Jan. 291935, Dec. 11 Wang Ching-wei [Wang Jingwei] (1883-1944, 1932, Jan. 291933, Nov. 4 T. V. Soong Guangdong)1933, Nov. 41938, Jan. 1 1935, Dec. 111938, Jan. 1 Chiang Kai-shek (second time) H. H. Kung [Kong Xiangxi] (1881-1967, Shanxi) 1938, Jan. 11939, Dec. 11 H. H. Kung 1938, Jan. 11939, Dec. 11 Chang Chun [Zhang Qun] (1889-1990, Sichuan) 1939, Dec. 111945, June 4 Chiang Kai-shek (third time) 1939, Dec. 111945, June 4 H. H. Kung TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 15 1945, June 41947, March 3 T. V. Soong 1945, June 41947, April 18 Wang Wen-ho [Weng Wenhao] (1889-1971, Zhe- 1947, March 3April 18 Chiang Kai-shek (fourth time) jiang) 1947, April 231948, May 24 Chang Chun 1947, April 231948, May 24 Wang Yn-wu [Wang Yunwu] (1888-1979, Guang-dong/Shanghai) ROC premiers/vice premiersconstitutional period [since 1948] PremierVice Premier 1948, May 25Nov. 26 Wang Wen-ho [Weng Wenhao] (1889-1971, Zhe- 1948, May 31June 22 Ku Meng-yu [Gu Mengyu] (1888-1972, Zhejiang) jiang)1948, June 22Dec. 12 1948, Nov. 261949, March 12 Sun Fo [Sun Ke] (1891-1973, Guangdong) Chang Li-sheng [Zhang Lisheng] (1901-1971, He-bei) 1948, Dec. 121949, March 21 Wu Te-chen [Wu Tiecheng] (1888-1953, Guang-dong) 1949, March 12June 6 Ho Ying-chin [He Yingqin] (1890-1987, Guizhou) 1949, March 21June 12 Chia Ching-teh [Jia Jingde] (1880-1960, Shanxi) 1949, June 61950, March 10 Yen Hsi-shan [Yan Xishan] (1883-1960, Shanxi) 1949, June 121950, March 10 Chu Chia-hwa [Zhu Jiahua] (1893-1963, Zhe-jiang) 1950, March 101954, June 1 Chen Cheng (1898-1965, Zhejiang) 1950, March 121954, June 1 Chang Li-sheng 1954, June 11958, July 15 O. K. Yui [Yu Hongjun] (1897-1960, Guangdong) 1954, June 11958, July 15 Huang Shao-ku [Huang Shaogu] (1901-1996, Hu-nan) 1958, July 151963, Dec. 16 Chen Cheng (second time) 1958, July 151963, Dec. 16 Wang Yn-wu [Wang Yunwu] (1888-1979, Guangdong/Shanghai) 1963, Dec. 161972, June 1 Yen Chia-kan [Yan Jiagan] (1905-1993, Jiangsu) 1963, Dec. 161966, June 1 Yu Ching-tang [Yu Jingtang] (1896-1985, Jiangsu) 1966, June 11969, July 1 Huang Shao-ku 1969, July 11972, June 1 Chiang Ching-kuo [Jiang Jingguo] (1910-1988, Zhejiang) 1972, June 11977, May 20 Chiang Ching-kuo 1972, June 11981, Dec. 1 Hsu Ching-chung [Xu Qingzhong] (1907-1996, 1978, June 11984, June 1Taiwan) Sun Yun-suan [Sun Yunxuan] (1913-2006, Shan-dong) 1981, Dec. 11984, June 1 Chiu Chuang-huan [Qiu Chuanghuan] (b. 1925, Taiwan) 1984, June 11989, June 1 Yu Kuo-hwa [Yu Guohua] (1914-2000, Zhejiang) 1984, June 11987, May 1 Lin Yang-kang [Lin Yanggang] (1927-2013, Tai-wan) 1987, May 11988, July 22 Lien Chan [Lian Zhan] (b. 1936, Shaanxi/Taiwan) 1988, July 221993, Feb. 27 1989, June 11990, June 1 Lee Huan [Li Huan] (1917-2010, Hubei) Shih Chi-yang [Shi Qiyang] (b. 1935, Taiwan) TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 16 1990, June 11993, Feb. 27 Hao Pei-tsun [Hao Bocun] (b. 1919, Jiangsu) 1993, Feb. 271997, Sept. 1 Lien Chan 1993, Feb. 271997, Sept. 1 Hsu Li-teh [Xu Lide] (b. 1931, Henan) 1997, Sept. 12000, May 20 Vincent Siew [Xiao Wanchang] (b. 1939, Taiwan) 1997, Sept. 1Dec. 11 John Chang [Zhang Xiaoyan] (b. 1941, Jiangxi) 1997, Dec. 112000, May 20 Liu Chao-shiuan [Liu Zhaoxuan] (b. 1943, Si-chuan/Hunan) 2000, May 20Oct. 6 Frank Tang [Tang Fei] (b. 1932, Jiangsu) 2000, May 20July 27 Yu Shyi-kun [You Xikun] (b. 1948, Taiwan) 2000, Aug. 1Oct. 6 Chang Chun-hsiung [Zhang Junxiong] (b. 1938, Taiwan) 2000, Oct. 62002, Feb. 1 Chang Chun-hsiung 2000, Oct. 62002, Feb. 1 Lai In-jaw [Lai Yingzhao] (b. 1946, Taiwan) 2002, Feb. 12005, Jan. 31 Yu Shyi-kun 2002, Feb. 12004, May 20 Lin Hsin-yi [Lin Xinyi] (b. 1946, Taiwan) 2004, May 202005, Jan. 31 Yeh Chu-lan [Ye Julan] (b. 1949, Taiwan) 2005, Feb. 12006, Jan. 23 Frank Hsieh [Xie Changting] (b. 1946, Taiwan) 2005, Feb. 182006, Jan. 23 Wu Rong-i [Wu Rongyi] (b. 1939, Taiwan) 2006, Jan. 252007, May 12 Su Tseng-chang [Su Zhenchang] (b. 1947, Taiwan) 2006, Jan. 252007, May 16 Tsai Ing-wen [Cai Yingwen] (b. 1956, Taiwan) 2007, May 212008, May 19 Chang Chun-hsiung (second time) 2007, May 212008, May 19 Chiou I-jen [Qiu Yiren] (b. 1950), Taiwan 2008, May 202009, Sept. 10 Liu Chao-shiuan 2008, May 202009, Sept. 10 Paul Chiu [Qiu Zhengxiong] (b. 1942, Taiwan) 2009, Sept. 102012, Jan. 31 Wu Den-yih [Wu Dunyi] (b. 1948, Taiwan) 2009, Sept. 102010, May 13 Eric Chu [Zhu Lilun] (b. 1961, Taiwan/Zhejiang) 2010, May 132012, Jan. 31 Sean C. Chen [Chen Chong] (b. 1949, Taiwan/Fujian) 2012, Feb. 62013, Feb. 7 Sean C. Chen 2012, Feb. 62013, Feb. 7 Jiang Yi-huah [Jiang Yihua] (b. 1960, Taiwan) 2013, Feb. 18 Jiang Yi-huah 2013, Feb. 18 Mao Chi-kuo [Mao Zhiguo] (b. 1948, Zhejiang) Secretary-generals ofthe Executive Yuan TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 10/19281/1932Lu Pi-chou [L Bichou]b. N/A, d. 1939Hunan 1/1932Cheng Hung-nien [Zheng Hongnian]1876-1958Guangdong 1/19322/1932Tseng Chung-ming [Zeng Zhongming]1896-1939Fujian 2/193212/1935Chu Min-yi 1884-1946 Zhejiang 12/19359/1937Wang Wen-ho [Weng Wenhao]1889-1971Zhejiang 9/193712/1941Wei Tao-ming [Wei Daoming]1900-1978Jiangxi 12/194112/1942Chen Yi 1883-1950 Zhejiang 12/19426/1945Chang Li-sheng [Zhang Lisheng]1901-1971Hebei 6/19454/1947Monlin Chiang [Jiang Menglin]1886-1964Zhejiang 4/19475/1948Kan Nai-kuang [Gan Naiguang]1897-1956Guangxi 5/194812/1948Li Wei-ku [Li Weiguo]1903-1992Guizhou 12/19483/1949Tuan Mu-kai [Duan Mukai]1903-1987Anhui 3/19496/1949Huang Shao-ku [Huang Shaogu]1901-1996Hunan 6/19493/1950Wang Shih-tseng [Wang Shiceng]1903-1983Sichuan TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 17 6/19493/1950Chia Ching-teh [Jia Jingde]1880-1960Shanxi 3/19506/1954Huang Shao-ku (second time) 6/19547/1958Chen Ching-yu [Chen Qingyu]1901-1981Jiangsu 7/195812/1963Chen Hsueh-ping [Chen Xueping]1901-1999Jiangsu 12/196312/1967Hsieh Keng-min [Xie Gengmin]1909-1981Zhejiang 12/19676/1972Tsiang Yien-si [Jiang Yanshi]1915-1998Zhejiang 6/19726/1976Fei Hwa [Fei Hua]1912-1984Jiangsu 6/19766/1978Chang Chi-cheng [Zhang Jizheng]b. 1918Sichuan 6/197812/1978Ma Chi-chuang [Ma Jizhuang]1912-1998Hebei 12/19786/1984Chu Shao-hwa [Qu Shaohua]1914-1996Hebei 6/19847/1988Wang Chang-ching [Wang Zhangqing]1920-2001Hubei 7/19886/1989Robert C. Chien [Qian Chun]b. 1929Zhejiang 6/19892/1993Wang Chou-ming [Wang Zhaoming]b. 1920Fujian 2/199312/1994Harry H. K. Lee [Li Hougao]b. 1926Hubei 12/19949/1997Chao Shou-po [Zhao Shoubo]b. 1941Taiwan 9/19972/1999Chang Yu-huei [Zhang Youhui]b. 1941Taiwan 2/19995/2000Hsieh Shen-san [Xie Shenshan]b. 1939Taiwan 5/200010/2000Wea Chi-lin [Wei Qilin]b. 1947Taiwan 10/20002/2002Chiou I-jen [Qiu Yiren]b. 1950Taiwan 2/20027/2002Lee Ying-yuan [Li Yingyuan]b. 1953Taiwan 7/20025/2004Liu Shyh-fang [Liu Shifang]b. 1959Taiwan 5/20042/2005Arthur Iap [Ye Guoxing]b. 1952Taiwan 2/20059/2005Lee Ying-yuan (second time) 9/20051/2006Cho Jung-tai [Zhuo Rongtai]b. 1959Taiwan 1/20065/2007Liu Yuh-san [Liu Yushan]b. 1944Taiwan 5/20075/2008Chen Chin-jun [Chen Jingjun]b. 1956Taiwan 5/20089/2009Hsueh Hsiang-chuan [Xue Xiangchuan]b. 1944Taiwan 9/20091/2012Lin Join-sane [Lin Zhongsen]b. 1944Taiwan 2/20126/2012Lin Yi-shih [Lin Yishi]b. 1968Taiwan 7/20122/2013Steve S. K. Chen [Chen Shikui]b. 1952N/A 2/20133/2014Chen Wei-zen [Chen Weiren]b. 1953Taiwan 3/2014Lee Shu-chuan [Li Sichuan]b. N/AN/A The official Chinese title ofthe Executive Yuans secretary-general is xingzhengyuan mishuzhang . Spokespersons ofthe Executive Yuan TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 5/201210/2012Hu Yu-wei [Hu Youwei]b. 1961Taiwan 10/2012 @Huang Min-kon [Huang Mingong]b. 1947N/A 10/20122/2014Cheng Li-wun [Zheng Liwen]b. 1969Taiwan 2/2014Sun Lih-chyun [Sun Liqun]b. 1961N/A When the Government Information Office (xingzhengyuan xinwenju , abbrev. GIO)whose head had alsoperformedthefunctionof governmentspokespersonwasabolishedonMay20,2012,thenewpositionofspokesperson ofthe Executive Yuan (xingzhengyuan fayanren ) was created. HEADS OF CABINET-LEVEL AGENCIES UNDER THE ROC EXECUTIVE YUAN Ministers ofthe Ministry ofInterior (MOI) Tenure (started)NameBorn/diedNative province 4/1928Hsueh Tu-pi [Xue Dubi]1892-1973Shanxi 10/1928Yen Hsi-shan [Yan Xishan]1883-1960Shanxi 12/1928Chao Tai-wen [Zhao Daiwen]1867-1943Shanxi 9/1929Yang Chao-tai [Yang Zhaotai]1880-1936Shanxi 4/1930Niu Yung-chien [Niu Yongjian]1870-1965Jiangsu TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 18 1/1931Liu Shang-ching [Liu Shangqing]1868-1945Liaoning 1/1931 @Chang Wo-hua [Zhang Wohua]1886-1938Anhui 1/1932Li Wen-fan 1884-1953Guangdong 1/1932Wang Chao-ming [Wang Zhaoming]1883-1944Zhejiang 2/1932Feng Yu-hsiang [Feng Yuxiang]1882-1948Anhui 3/1932 @Peng Hsueh-pei [Peng Xuepei]1896-1949Jiangxi 5/1932Huang Shao-hung [Huang Shaohong]1895-1966Guangxi 12/1934Huang Fu 1880-1936Zhejiang 2/1935 @Tao L-tsien [Tao Lqian]1890-1944Zhejiang 12/1935Chiang Tso-pin [Jiang Zuobin]1884-1941Hubei 11/1937Ho Chien [He Jian]1887-1956Hunan 5/1939Chou Chung-yo [Zhou Zhongyue]1876-1951Yunnan 11/1944Chang Li-sheng [Zhang Lisheng]1901-1971Hebei 6/194812/1948Peng Chao-hsien [Peng Zhaoxian]1896-1979Shandong 12/19483/1949Hung Lan-yu [Hong Lanyou]1900-1958Jiangsu 3/19491/1950Li Han-hun 1895-1987Guangdong 1/19503/1950Ku Cheng-kang [Gu Zhenggang]1902-1993Guizhou 3/19504/1952Yu Ching-tang [Yu Jingtang]1896-1985Jiangsu 4/19526/1954Huang Chi-lu [Huang Jilu]1899-1985Sichuan 6/19543/1958Wang Teh-pu [Wang Depu]1897-1991Liaoning 3/19585/1960Tien Chung-chin [Tian Jiongjin]1899-1977Gansu 5/19605/1966Lien Chen-tung [Lian Zhendong]1904-1986Taiwan 5/19665/1972Hsu Ching-chung [Xu Qingzhong]1907-1996Taiwan 5/19726/1976Lin Chin-sheng [Lin Jinsheng]1916-2001Taiwan 6/19765/1978Chang Feng-shu [Zhang Fengxu]b. 1928Taiwan 5/197811/1981Chiu Chuang-huan [Qiu Chuanghuan]b. 1925Taiwan 11/19815/1984Lin Yang-kang [Lin Yanggang]1927-2013Taiwan 5/19847/1988Wu Po-hsiung [Wu Boxiong]b. 1939Taiwan 7/19886/1991Hsu Shui-teh [Xu Shuide]b. 1931Taiwan 6/19912/1994Wu Po-hsiung (second time) 2/19946/1996Huang Kun-huei [Huang Kunhui]b. 1936Taiwan 6/19965/1997Lin Fong-cheng [Lin Fengzheng]b. 1940Taiwan 5/19972/1998Yeh Chin-fong [Ye Jinfeng]b. 1943Taiwan 2/19985/2000Huang Chu-wen [Huang Zhuwen]b. 1941Taiwan 5/20002/2002Chang Po-ya [Zhang Boya]b. 1942Taiwan 2/20024/2004Yu Cheng-hsien [Yu Zhengxian]b. 1959Taiwan 4/20041/2006Su Jia-chyuan [Su Jiaquan]b. 1956Taiwan 1/20065/2008Lee Yi-yang [Li Yiyang]b. 1955Taiwan 5/20089/2009Liao Liou-yi [Liao Liaoyi]b. 1947Taiwan 9/20091/2012Jiang Yi-huah [Jiang Yihua]b. 1960Taiwan 2/20123/2014Lee Hong-yuan [Li Hongyuan]b. 1956Taiwan 3/2014Chen Wei-zen [Chen Weiren]b. 1953Taiwan The MOI (neizhengbu ) was established in April 1928. In the ROC, the MOI is considered the most prestigious of all cabinet-level agencies, being dubbed the first ministry in the world (tianxia diyi bu ). There are the following subordinate organizations under the MOI: Architecture and Building Research Institute (neizhengbu jianzhu yanjiusuo ) Central Police University (neizhengbu zhongyang jingcha daxue , abbrev. CPU) Conscription Agency (neizhengbu yizhengshu ) Construction and Planning Agency (neizhengbu yingjianshu , abbrev. CPA) Criminal Investigation Bureau (neizhengbu jingzhengshu xingshi jingchaju , abbrev. CIB) Land Consolidation Engineering Bureau (neizhengbu tudi chonghua gongchengchu ) National Airborne Service Headquarters (neizhengbu kongzhong qinwu zongdui ) National Fire Agency (neizhengbu xiaofangshu , abbrev. NFA) TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 19 National Immigration Agency (neizhengbu ruchuguo ji yiminshu , abbrev. NIA) National Land Surveying and Mapping Center (neizhengbu guotu cehui zhongxin ) National Police Agency (neizhengbu jingzhengshu , abbrev. NPA) Taiwan Police College (Taiwan jingcha zhuanke xuexiao ) TheROCsnationalparksareundertheMOIsjurisdictionaswell.Therearecurrentlyeightnationalparksinthe Taiwan area: Kenting National Park (Kending guojia gongyuan ), est. Sept. 1, 1982 Yushan National Park (Yushan guojia gongyuan ), est. April 6, 1985 Yangmingshan National Park (Yangmingshan guojia gongyuan ), est. Sept. 1, 1985 Taroko National Park (Tailuge guojia gongyuan ), est. Nov. 12, 1986 Shei-pa National Park (Xueba guojia gongyuan ), est. July 1, 1992 Kinmen National Park (Jinmen guojia gongyuan ), est. Oct. 18, 1995 Dongsha Atoll National Park (Dongsha huanjiao guojia gongyuan ), est. Jan. 17, 2007 Taijiang National Park (Taijiang guojia gongyuan ), est. Oct. 15, 2009 Ministers ofthe Ministry ofForeign Affairs (MOFA) Tenure (started)NameBorn/diedNative province 5/1927Wu Chao-shu 1887-1934Tianjin 2/1928Huang Fu 1880-1936Zhejiang 6/1928Thomas Wang [Wang Zhengting]1882-1961Zhejiang 10/1931Alfred Sao-ke Sze [Shi Zhaoji]1877-1958Jiangsu 11/1931Wellington Koo [Gu Weijun]1888-1985Shanghai 12/1931Eugene Chen [Chen Youren]1878-1944Guangdong 1/1932Lo Wen-kan [Luo Wengan]1888-1941Guangdong 8/1933Wang Ching-wei [Wang Jingwei]1883-1944Guangdong 12/1935Chang Chun [Zhang Qun]1889-1990Sichuan 3/1937Wang Chung-hui [Wang Chonghui]1881-1958Guangdong 4/1941Kuo Tai-chi [Guo Taiqi]1889-1952Hubei 12/1941 @Chiang Kai-shek [Jiang Jieshi]1887-1975Zhejiang 10/1942T. V. Soong [Song Ziwen]1894-1971Shanghai 7/1945Wang Shih-chieh [Wang Shijie]1891-1981Hubei 12/1948Wu Te-chen [Wu Tiecheng]1888-1953Guangdong 4/19497/1958Yeh Kung-chao [Ye Gongchao]1904-1981Guangdong 7/19585/1960Huang Shao-ku [Huang Shaogu]1901-1996Hunan 5/19605/1966Shen Chang-huan 1913-1998Jiangsu 5/19663/1971Wei Tao-ming [Wei Daoming]1900-1978Jiangxi 3/19715/1972Chow Shu-kai [Zhou Shukai]1913-1992Hubei 5/197212/1978Shen Chang-huan (second time) 12/197812/1979Tsiang Yien-si [Jiang Yanshi]1915-1998Zhejiang 12/19794/1987Chu Fu-sung [Zhu Fusong]1915-2008Hubei 4/19877/1988Ding Mou-shih [Ding Maoshi]b. 1925Yunnan 7/19886/1990Lien Chan [Lian Zhan]b. 1936Shaanxi/Taiwan 6/19906/1996Fredrick F. Chien [Qian Fu]b. 1935Beijing 6/199610/1997John Chang [Zhang Xiaoyan]b. 1941Jiangxi/Zhejiang 10/199711/1999Jason Hu [Hu Zhiqiang]b. 1948Jilin 11/19995/2000Chen Chien-jen [Cheng Jianren]b. 1939Jiangsu 5/20002/2002Tien Hung-mao [Tian Hongmao]b. 1938Taiwan 2/20024/2004Eugene Y. H. Chien [Jian Youxin]b. 1946Taiwan 4/20041/2006Mark Chen Tan-sun [Chen Tangshan]b. 1935Taiwan 1/20065/2008James Huang [Huang Zhifang]b. 1958Taiwan 5/20089/2009Francisco Ou [Ou Honglian]b. 1940Taiwan 9/20099/2012Timothy Yang [Yang Jintian]b. 1942Taiwan 9/2012David Y. L. Lin [Lin Yongle]b. 1950Taiwan The MOFA (waijiaobu ) was established in May 1927. Between April and October 1949, Yeh Kung-chao was TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 20 acting Minister ofForeign Affairs (daili buzhang ). There are the following subordinate organizations under the MOFA: Association ofEast Asian Relations (waijiaobu yadong guanxi xiehui , abbrev. AEAR) Bureau ofConsular Affairs (waijiaobu lingshi shiwuju , abbrev. BOCA) Congressional Liaison Unit (waijiaobu guohui lianluozu ) Coordination Council ofNorth American Affairs (waijiaobu bei Mei shiwu xietiao weiyuanhui , abbrev. CCNAA) Foreign Service Institute (waijiaobu waijiao lingshi renyuan jiangxisuo ) Legal Affairs Committee (waijiaobu fagui weiyuanhui ) NGO Affairs Committee (waijiaobu fei zhengfu zuzhi guoji shiwu weiyuanhui ) Research and Planning Committee (waijiaobu yanjiu sheji weiyuanhui ) The following departments inside MOFA are in charge ofhandling the details ofthe ROCs foreign policy: Department ofEast Asian and Pacific Affairs (Ya dong taipingyang si ) Department ofWest Asian and African Affairs (Ya xi ji Feizhou si ) Department ofEuropean Affairs (Ouzhou si ) Department ofNorth American Affairs (bei Mei si ) Department ofLatin American and Caribbean Affairs (lading Meizhou ji jialebihai si ) Department ofTreaty and Legal Affairs (tiaoyue falsi ) Department ofInternational Organizations (guoji zuzhisi ) Department ofInternational Cooperation and Economic Affairs (guoji hezuo ji jingji shiwusi ) Department ofInternational Information Services (guoji chuanbosi ) Ministers ofthe Ministry ofNational Defense (MND) Tenure (started)NameBorn/diedNative province 10/1928Feng Yu-hsiang [Feng Yuxiang]1882-1948Anhui 3/1929 @Lu Chung-lin [Lu Zhonglin]1884-1966Hebei 5/1929 @Chen Yi 1883-1950 Zhejiang 10/1929 @Chu Shou-kuang [Zhu Shouguang]1886-1948Hubei 2/193011/1944Ho Ying-chin [He Yingqin]1890-1987Guizhou 11/19445/1946Chen Cheng 1898-1965Zhejiang 5/19466/1948Pai Chung-hsi [Bai Chongxi]1893-1966Guangxi 6/194812/1948Ho Ying-chin (second time) 12/19484/1949Hsu Yung-chang [Xu Yongchang]1887-1959Shanxi 5/19496/1949 @Ho Ying-chin (third time) 6/19491/1950 @Yen Hsi-shan [Yan Xishan]1883-1960Shanxi 1/19503/1950Ku Chu-tong [Gu Zhutong]1893-1987Jiangsu 3/19502/1951David Yule [Yu Dawei]1897-1993Zhejiang 3/19515/1954Kuo Chi-chiao [Guo Jijiao]1901-1998Anhui 6/19541/1965David Yule (second time) 1/19656/1969Chiang Ching-kuo [Jiang Jingguo]1910-1988Zhejiang 7/19695/1972Huang Chieh [Huang Jie]1902-1995Hunan 6/19727/1973 Chen Ta-ching [Chen Daqing]1905-1973Jiangxi 7/197311/1981Kao Kuei-yuan [Gao Kuiyuan]b. 1907Shandong 11/19816/1986Soong Chang-chih [Song Changzhi]1916-2002Liaoning 6/19864/1987Wang Tao-yuan [Wang Daoyuan] 1913-2011Anhui 4/198712/1989Cheng Wei-yuan [Zheng Weiyuan]1913-1993Anhui 12/19896/1990Hau Pei-tsun [Hao Bocun]b. 1919Jiangsu 6/19902/1993Chen Li-an [Chen Lan] b. 1937Zhejiang 2/199312/1994Sun Chen [Sun Zhen] b. 1934Shandong 12/19942/1999Chiang Chung-ling [Jiang Zhongling]b. 1922Zhejiang 2/19995/2000Frank Tang [Tang Fei]b. 1932Jiangsu 5/20002/2002Wu Shih-wen [Wu Shiwen]b. 1934Guangdong 2/20025/2004Tang Yiau-ming [Tang Yaoming]b. 1938Taiwan TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 21 5/20045/2007Lee Jye [Li Jie]b. 1940Tianjin 5/20072/2008Lee Tien-yu [Li Tianyu]b. 1946Shandong 2/20085/2008Michael Tsai Ming-shian [Cai Mingxian] b. 1941Taiwan 5/20089/2009Chen Chao-min [Chen Zhaomin]b. 1940Taiwan 9/20097/2013Kao Hua-chu [Gao Huazhu]b. 1946Shandong 8/2013Andrew Yang [Yang Nianzu] b. 1955Taiwan 8/2013Yen Ming [Yan Ming]b. 1949Jiangxi The MND (guofangbu ) was established on June 1, 1946. Before that there was an agencycalled Ministry ofWar (junzhengbu ). There are the following subordinate organizations under the MND: Air Force Command Headquarters (guofangbu kongjun silingbu ) Armaments Bureau (guofangbu junbeiju ) Army Command Headquarters (guofangbu lujun silingbu ) Combined Logistics Command (guofangbu lianhe houqin silingbu , abbrev. CLC) Comptroller Bureau (guofangbu zhujiju ) General Political Warfare Bureau (guofangbu zong zhengzhi zuozhanju ) General StaffHeadquarters (guofangbu canmou benbu ) Medical Affairs Bureau (guofangbu junyiju , abbrev. MAB) Military Police Command (guofangbu xianbing silingbu ) Navy Command Headquarters (guofangbu haijun silingbu ) Reserve Command (guofangbu houbei silingbu ) Please note that the ROC military for decades had its own judiciary, with three military courtsNorth District Court ofMartial Law (guofangbu beibu difang junshi fayuan ), Military High Court (guofangbu gaodeng junshifayuan ),andSupremeMilitaryCourt(guofangbuzuigaojunshifayuan ),eachhavingitsownprosecutorsoffice(jianchashu ).AfteramendmentstotheCodeof CourtMartial Procedure (junshi shenpanfa ) were promulgated on Aug. 13, 2013 and went into force two days later,all military servicemen are now subject to the civilian justice system during peacetime. Ministers ofthe Ministry ofJustice (MOJ) TenureNameBorn/diedNative province 11/19284/1930Wei Tao-ming [Wei Daoming]1900-1978Jiangxi 4/193012/1931 @Chu Lu-ho [Zhu Lhe]1877-1945Zhejiang 12/193110/1934Lo Wen-kan [Luo Wengan]1888-1941Guangdong 10/193412/1934Chu Chen [Ju Zheng]1876-1951Hubei 12/19348/1937Wang Yung-ping [Wang Yongbin]1881-1944Anhui 8/193712/1948Hsieh Kuan-sheng [Xie Guansheng]1897-1971Zhejiang 12/19481/1949Mei Ju-ao [Mei Ruao]1904-1973Jiangxi 1/19493/1949 @Chao Chen [Zhao Chen]1899-1969Zhejiang 3/19493/1950Chang Chih-pen [Zhang Zhiben]1881-1976Hubei 3/19506/1954Lin Pin [Lin Bin]1893-1958Zhejiang 6/19545/1960Ku Feng-hsiang [Gu Fengxiang]1907-1989Chahar 5/196012/1967Cheng Yin-fun [Zheng Yanfen]1902-1990Guangdong 12/19677/1970Cha Liang-chien [Cha Liangjian]1905-1994Hebei/Zhejiang 7/19706/1976Wang Jen-yuan [Wang Renyuan]1910-1996Hebei 6/19765/1978Wang Tao-yuan [Wang Daoyuan]1913-2011Anhui 5/19786/1984Li Yuan-zu [Li Yuancu]b. 1923Hunan 6/19847/1988Shih Chi-yang [Shi Qiyang]b. 1935Taiwan 7/198810/1989Hsiao Tien-tzang [Xiao Tianzan]b. 1934Taiwan 10/19892/1993Lu Yu-wen [L Youwen]b. 1926Sichuan 2/19936/1996Ma Ying-jeou [Ma Yingjiu]b. 1950Hong Kong/Hunan 6/19967/1998Liao Cheng-hao [Liao Zhenghao]b. 1946Taiwan 7/19982/1999Cheng Chung-mo [Cheng Zhongmo]b. 1938Taiwan 2/19995/2000Yeh Chin-fong [Ye Jinfeng]b. 1943Taiwan 5/20002/2005Chen Ding-nan 1943-2006Taiwan 2/20055/2008Shih Mao-lin [Shi Maolin]b. 1950Taiwan TILMAN ARETZS BLOG [http://taretz.blogspot.com]Politicians in the ROC/Taiwan 22 5/20083/2010Wang Ching-feng [Wang Qingfeng]b. 1952Taiwan 3/2010 @Huang Shih-ming [Huang Shiming]b. 1950Taiwan 3/20109/2013Tseng Yung-fu [Zeng Yongfu]b. 1943Taiwan 9/2013 @Chen Ming-tang b. 1954Taiwan 9/2013Luo Ying-shay [Luo Yingxue]b. 1951Taiwan The MOJ (fawubu ) was established on Nov. 16, 1928. In June 1980, its Chinese name was changed from sifa xingzhengbu to its present form. While the Legislative Yuan has the power to pass all ordinary legislation and to review legislative bills proposed by the four other Yuan, and the Judicial Yuan as the highest judicial organ oftheROCischargedwithinterpretingtheROCConstitutionandsupervisingthelowercourts,theMOJis responsibleforcarryingoutvariousjudicialfunctionsintheROClikeformulatingandreviewinglegalproposals, participatinginthelegalpreparationsandactivitiesof theExecutiveYuananditsministriesandagencies,revising the Civil Code (minfa ) and the Criminal Code (xingfa ), planning the prosecutorial system and supervising prosecutorial affairs, executing anti-corruption work, researching on the causes and prevention ofcrime, propagating the knowledge oflaw and protecting crime victims as well as handling and processing international and cross-strait legal affairs. Capital punishment in the ROCThe MOJ is the government agency in charge ofadministering the death penalty(sixing ),andtheMinisterof Justicealsoapprovespendingexecutionsandsignsexecutionorders. Although the minister does have the authority to refuse to sign an execution order, only a court oflaw can overturn a death sentence. Since 1987, 515 persons have been executed in the ROC. 1987:101991:591995:161999:242003:72007:02011:5 1988:221992:351996:222000:172004:32008:02012:6 1989:691993:181997:382001:102005:32009:02013:6 1990:781994:171998:322002:92006:02010:42014:5 The following are subordinate organizations under the MOJ: Administrative Enforcement Agency (fawubu xingzheng zhixingshu ) Agency Against Corruption (fawubu lianzhengshu , abbrev. AAC) Agency ofCorrections (fawubu jiaozhengshu ) Institute ofForensic Medicine (fawubu fayi yanjiusuo ) Judges and Prosecutors Training Institute (fawubu sifaguan xunliansuo ) MOJ Investigation Bureau (fawubu diaochaju , abbrev. MJIB) Supreme Prosecutors Office (zuigao fayuan jianchashu ) Taiwan High Prosecutors Office (Taiwan gaodeng fayuan jianchashu ) Training Institute for Correctional Officers (jiaozheng renyuan xunliansuo ) Ministers ofthe Ministry ofEconomic Affairs (MOEA) Tenure (started)NameBorn/diedNative province 2/1928H. H. Kung [Kong Xiangxi]1881-1967Shanxi 12/1931Chen Kung-po [Chen Gongbo]1892-1946Guangdong 12/1935Wu Ting-chang [Wu Dingchang]1884-1950Sichuan/Zhejiang 11/1937 @Cheng Tien-ku [Cheng Tiangu]1889-1974Guangdong 1/1938Wang Wen-ho [Weng Wenhao]1889-1971Zhejiang 5/1946Wang Yn-wu [Wang Yunwu]1888-1979Guangdong/Shanghai 5/194812/1948Chen Chi-tien [Chen Qitian]1893-1984Hubei 12/19483/1949Liu Wei-chi 1892-1955Guangdong 3/19496/1949Sun Yue-chi [Sun Yueqi]1893-1995Zhejiang 6/19491/1950Liu Hang-chen 1896-1975Sichuan 1/19503/1950Yen Chia-kan [Yan Jiagan]1905-199