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POLLUTION PREVENTION Golf Courses Best Management Practices Provided by: Pinellas County Department of Environmental Management Pollution Prevention and Resource Recovery Program 512 S. Fort Harrison Avenue Clearwater, FL 33756 (727) 464-4761 Publication Date: June 2006

POLLUTION PREVENTION Golf Courses Best … PREVENTION Golf Courses Best Management Practices Provided by: Pinellas County Department of Environmental Management Pollution Prevention

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POLLUTION PREVENTION

Golf CoursesBest Management

Practices

Provided by:

Pinellas County Department of Environmental Management

Pollution Prevention and Resource Recovery Program

512 S. Fort Harrison Avenue

Clearwater, FL 33756

(727) 464-4761

Publication Date: June 2006

Pin

ella

s C

ou

nty

Dep

artm

ent

of

En

viro

nm

enta

l Man

agem

ent’

s

VI

SI

ON

Th

e D

epar

tmen

t of

Env

iron

men

tal M

anag

emen

t:

Lea

ders

hip

Ded

icat

ed to

a S

ust

ain

able

Nat

ura

l an

d U

rban

Env

iron

men

t in

Pin

ella

s C

oun

ty f

or

Pre

sen

t an

d F

utu

re G

ener

atio

ns.

1

Ab

ou

t th

is M

an

ua

lT

his

man

ual i

s de

sign

ed to

ass

ist g

olf

cour

se s

uper

inte

nden

ts a

nd s

taff

wit

hpe

st a

nd tu

rf m

anag

emen

t in

an e

nvir

onm

enta

lly s

ound

man

ner.

The

inef

fici

ent u

se o

f ra

w m

ater

ials

and

res

ourc

es c

an r

esul

t in

exce

ssiv

e w

aste

.T

hrou

gh p

rope

r ed

ucat

ion

and

trai

ning

, bus

ines

ses

can

min

imiz

e w

aste

inP

inel

las

Cou

nty,

whi

le im

prov

ing

thei

r ec

onom

ic v

iabi

lity

.

Man

uals

are

dev

elop

ed b

y th

e Po

llutio

n Pr

even

tion

and

Res

ourc

e R

ecov

ery

(P2R

2) S

ectio

n of

the

Pine

llas

Cou

nty

Dep

artm

ent o

f E

nvir

onm

enta

l Man

agem

ent,

ano

n-re

gula

tory

pro

gram

that

pro

vide

s w

aste

redu

ctio

n te

chni

cal a

ssis

tanc

e. P

rogr

am s

taff

prov

ide

info

rmat

ion

on n

ew te

chno

logi

es,

proc

ess

mod

ific

atio

ns, s

ubst

itute

pro

duct

s, a

ndcu

rren

t ind

ustr

y-sp

ecif

ic B

est M

anag

emen

tPr

actic

es (

BM

Ps).

Sta

ff c

an a

ssis

t bus

ines

ses

in th

eir

effo

rts

to p

rote

ct o

ur c

ount

y’s

envi

ronm

enta

l res

ourc

es, c

ompl

y w

ithre

gula

tory

req

uire

men

ts, w

hile

impr

ovin

gef

fici

ency

, pro

fita

bilit

y, a

nd c

ompe

titiv

enes

s.A

s a

Pine

llas

Cou

nty

busi

ness

, no

fees

are

cha

rged

for

usi

ng th

e Po

llutio

nPr

even

tion

Prog

ram

’s s

ervi

ces.

On-

site

was

te r

educ

tion

assi

stan

ce is

ava

ilabl

eby

con

tact

ing

prog

ram

sta

ff a

t (72

7) 4

64-4

761.

The

pri

ntin

g an

d di

stri

buti

on o

f th

is d

ocum

ent w

as f

unde

d w

ith

Air

Poll

utio

n R

ecov

ery

Fun

ds

Intr

odu

ctio

nG

olf

cou

rses

are

oft

en c

riti

cize

d fo

r ad

vers

ely

affe

ctin

g th

e en

viro

nmen

t,bu

t a w

ell-

man

aged

, pro

perl

y ir

riga

ted

golf

cou

rse

can

bene

fit t

heen

viro

nmen

t and

the

surr

ound

ing

com

mun

ity

in a

var

iety

of

way

s. S

tudi

esha

ve s

how

n th

at tu

rfgr

ass

abso

rbs

ozon

e, c

arbo

n di

oxid

e, a

nd h

ydro

gen

fluo

ride

. Com

pone

nts

of s

mog

may

als

o be

fil

tere

d, b

ut th

is is

not

pro

ven.

Stu

dies

hav

e no

t bee

n pu

blis

hed

on th

e po

tent

ial b

enef

its

of tu

rfgr

ass

on th

ere

duct

ion

of g

loba

l cli

mat

e w

arm

ing

poll

utan

ts (

Bal

ogh

and

Wal

ker,

1992

),bu

t tur

fgra

ss h

elps

coo

l the

atm

osph

ere

by a

bsor

bing

war

m a

ir.

2

Cou

rse

vege

tati

on (

shru

bs, t

rees

, etc

.) p

rodu

ces

oxyg

en a

s pa

rt o

f th

epl

ant’s

nat

ural

pro

cess

es a

nd r

emov

es p

ollu

tant

s fr

om th

e ai

r, ra

infa

ll, a

ndir

riga

tion

wat

er. T

he v

eget

atio

n ab

sorb

s no

ise,

hel

ps r

echa

rge

grou

ndw

ater

supp

lies

by

slow

ing

runo

ff, p

reve

nts

soil

ero

sion

, and

pro

vide

s a

habi

tat f

orw

ildl

ife.

In a

ddit

ion

,pro

perl

y de

sign

ed a

nd

oper

ated

gol

f co

urs

es...

�P

rovi

de v

isua

lly a

ppea

ling

“gr

een

spac

e” f

or u

rban

set

ting

s

�P

rovi

de a

use

for

was

tew

ater

by

irri

gati

ng w

ith

recl

aim

ed w

ater

�B

ecom

es a

n at

trac

tive

and

ecol

ogic

ally

sou

nd c

over

for

old

land

fill

s,

aban

done

d si

tes,

etc

.

�E

ncou

rage

rec

reat

iona

l act

ivit

ies

on o

r ne

ar th

e co

urse

(jo

ggin

g,

wal

king

, bir

dwat

chin

g, f

ishi

ng, e

tc.)

�P

rovi

de jo

bs

�A

dd v

alue

to th

e su

rrou

ndin

g la

nd

Fede

ral,

stat

e an

d lo

cal e

nvir

onm

enta

l reg

ulat

ions

req

uire

that

was

test

ream

s fr

om tu

rf m

aint

enan

ce o

pera

tion

s ar

e pr

oper

ly m

anag

ed. W

ith

new

golf

cou

rses

ope

ning

aro

und

the

wor

ld e

very

day

, pub

lic

conc

ern

usua

llyin

clud

e th

e us

e of

turf

che

mic

als,

wat

er/s

oil q

uali

ty im

pact

s an

d th

e us

e of

nutr

ient

-ric

h ir

riga

tion

wat

er.

Bes

t Man

agem

ent P

ract

ices

(B

MP

s) a

nd n

ew te

chno

logi

es a

re a

vail

able

that

off

er c

ours

e m

anag

emen

t sta

ff a

n op

port

unit

y to

red

uce

was

tes

whi

lesa

ving

mon

ey a

nd im

prov

ing

effi

cien

cy.

Was

te r

edu

ctio

n p

ract

ices

can

:

�R

educ

e th

e us

e of

che

mic

als

�M

inim

ize

the

expe

nse

of w

aste

dis

posa

l

�R

educ

e th

e ex

posu

re o

f w

orke

rs a

nd th

e ge

nera

l pub

lic

to h

azar

dous

and

toxi

c m

ater

ials

�R

educ

e th

e th

reat

of

prod

uct l

iabi

lity

�M

axim

ize

com

plia

nce

wit

h en

viro

nmen

tal r

egul

atio

ns a

nd

requ

irem

ents

�M

inim

ize

impa

cts

on th

e en

viro

nmen

t

3

By

prac

tici

ng w

aste

min

imiz

atio

n yo

u ca

n im

prov

e yo

ur b

otto

m li

ne w

hile

incr

easi

ng y

our

busi

ness

’com

peti

tive

abil

ity.

Wh

at is

pol

luti

on p

reve

nti

on?

Poll

utio

n P

reve

ntio

n (P

2) is

the

redu

ctio

nor

elim

inat

ion

of p

ollu

tant

s or

was

tes

at th

e so

urce

. The

idea

beh

ind

poll

utio

n pr

even

tion

is to

avo

idpr

oduc

ing

the

was

te in

the

firs

t pla

ce. I

f th

e w

aste

is n

ot p

rodu

ced,

then

you

don’

t hav

e to

wor

ry a

bout

sto

rage

or

disp

osal

pro

blem

s. H

avin

g le

ss w

aste

mea

ns a

bet

ter

envi

ronm

ent f

or a

ll o

f us

.

Was

tes

Ass

ocia

ted

Wit

h G

olf

Cou

rses

Was

te c

an r

esul

t fro

m g

olf

cour

se o

pera

tion

s su

ch a

s pe

stic

ide

use,

irri

gati

on, c

hem

ical

sto

rage

, che

mic

al m

ixin

g an

d lo

adin

g, a

ndeq

uipm

ent m

aint

enan

ce. T

he m

aint

enan

ce o

f a

golf

cour

se r

equi

res

the

use

of a

con

side

rabl

e qu

anti

ty o

fch

emic

als

from

pes

tici

des

and

herb

icid

es to

fert

iliz

ers.

All

of

thes

e ch

emic

als

can

caus

e w

ater

qual

ity

prob

lem

s if

run

off

wat

er is

not

pro

perl

ym

anag

ed.

Vol

atil

izat

ion

and

air

tran

spor

t may

be

the

prim

ary

mea

ns o

fw

ides

prea

d di

sper

sion

of

pest

icid

es in

the

envi

ronm

ent (

Bal

ogh

and

Wal

ker,

1992

). S

olve

nts

such

as

xyle

ne a

nd a

rom

atic

pet

role

um d

eriv

ativ

es h

ave

been

use

d he

avily

on

golf

cou

rses

as

pest

icid

e ca

rrie

rs. D

urin

g ap

plic

atio

n,va

pori

zati

on a

nd p

arti

cula

te d

rift

may

occ

ur, c

reat

ing

a po

tent

ial t

o po

llut

eth

roug

h pr

ecip

itat

ion

depo

siti

on.

Som

e w

aste

s fr

om g

olf

cour

se o

pera

tion

s m

ay b

e cl

assi

fied

as

haza

rdou

sby

fed

eral

or

stat

e re

gula

tion

s an

d ot

hers

, whi

le n

ot n

eces

sari

ly h

azar

dous

,co

uld

dam

age

the

envi

ronm

ent i

f no

t han

dled

pro

perl

y. W

hate

ver

char

acte

rist

ic o

f th

e w

aste

, all

was

te r

epre

sent

s lo

ss o

f re

sour

ces

and

loss

of

mon

ey.

Type

s of

was

tes

from

gol

f co

urs

e op

erat

ion

s co

uld

incl

ude

:

� N

itro

gen

and

phos

phor

ous-

rich

run

off

to p

onds

and

wat

erw

ays

� E

xpir

ed c

hem

ical

s (f

erti

lize

rs, p

aint

s, p

esti

cide

s, e

tc.)

4

� W

aste

che

mic

als

from

mix

ing/

load

ing

oper

atio

ns

�U

sed

oils

, ant

ifre

eze,

oil

fil

ters

, and

oth

er s

hop-

rela

ted

was

te f

rom

equi

pmen

t mai

nten

ance

The

mos

t eff

ectiv

e w

ay to

min

imiz

e th

e lo

sses

ass

ocia

ted

wit

h w

aste

is to

avoi

d pr

oduc

ing

the

was

te in

the

firs

t pla

ce.

Was

te r

edu

ctio

n te

chn

iqu

es in

clu

de:

�Im

prov

ed o

pera

tion

and

mai

nten

ance

� U

se o

f ne

w te

chno

logi

es

� U

se o

f no

n-to

xic

or le

ss to

xic

subs

titu

te c

hem

ical

s

�In

vent

ory

man

agem

ent

�W

ater

and

che

mic

al c

onse

rvat

ion

�P

rodu

ctio

n pr

oces

s m

odif

icat

ion

�O

n-si

te r

ecov

ery,

rec

ycli

ng, a

nd r

euse

Wh

at c

an y

ou d

o?Tu

rf c

are

or m

aint

enan

ce p

rogr

ams

pres

ent a

num

ber

of a

venu

es f

orco

ntam

inat

ion

of th

e en

viro

nmen

t. O

ften

saf

ety

issu

esar

e in

volv

ed a

s w

ell s

ince

mat

eria

ls w

hich

pre

sent

long

-ter

m e

nvir

onm

enta

l thr

eats

may

pre

sent

mor

eim

med

iate

hea

lth

haza

rds.

Man

y po

llut

ion

prev

enti

on p

ract

ices

are

low

-cos

tan

d lo

w-r

isk

alte

rnat

ives

to h

elp

min

imiz

e w

aste

and

the

resu

ltin

g di

spos

al c

osts

. Mos

t of

the

appr

oach

es a

re b

ased

on

com

mon

sens

e an

d do

not

req

uire

sop

hist

icat

ed te

chno

logy

. Thi

s m

anua

lco

ntai

ns s

ome

idea

s to

get

you

sta

rted

. You

r bu

sine

ss m

ay a

lrea

dybe

usi

ng p

ollu

tion

pre

vent

ion

prac

tice

s w

itho

ut r

eali

zing

it!

Kee

p It

Cle

an!

Poor

hou

seke

epin

g re

sult

s in

spi

lls.

Thi

s m

ay d

oubl

e yo

urex

pens

e by

mak

ing

you

pay

to r

epla

ce lo

st m

ater

ial a

nd a

lso

for

its

trea

tmen

tan

d di

spos

al. I

t can

als

o le

ad to

acc

iden

ts a

nd w

orke

r in

jury

. Goo

dho

usek

eepi

ng is

one

of

the

easi

est a

nd le

ast e

xpen

sive

way

to r

educ

e w

aste

.

5

Her

e ar

e so

me

tips

:

�K

eep

your

fac

ility

wor

k ar

eas

clea

n an

d yo

ur f

loor

s dr

y. S

wee

p

floo

rs a

nd u

se d

ry o

r da

mp

clea

n-up

tech

niqu

es (

pref

erab

ly d

ry).

For

exam

ple,

use

abs

orbe

nt m

ater

ial f

or s

pill

s. I

f ne

cess

ary,

use

a v

ery

smal

l vol

ume

of w

ater

for

fin

al c

lean

up. T

his

mat

eria

l sho

uld

then

be

disp

osed

of

prop

erly

.

� P

ract

ice

good

inve

ntor

y co

ntro

l.M

ark

the

purc

hase

dat

e on

con

tain

ers

so th

at o

lder

mat

eria

ls a

re u

sed

up f

irst

(“f

irst

in, f

irst

out”

pol

icy)

.

� K

eep

all

con

tain

ers

clos

ed a

nd

pro

per

ly la

bel

ed.U

ncov

ered

cont

aine

rs c

an a

dd to

pro

duct

loss

es f

rom

eva

pora

tion

and

spil

lage

. Don

’t f

orge

t the

ris

k of

haza

rdou

s ai

r em

issi

ons.

� P

ract

ice

prev

enta

tive

mai

nten

ance

to

avoi

d

futu

re lo

sses

.Ins

pect

con

tain

ers

and

equi

pmen

t for

leak

s w

eekl

y.

� K

eep

stor

age

and

wor

k ar

eas

clea

n an

d w

ell o

rgan

ized

.

� D

o no

t m

ix h

azar

dous

che

mic

als

wit

h no

n-ha

zard

ous

chem

ical

s.

Was

te s

trea

ms

shou

ld b

e ke

pt s

epar

ate.

Oth

erw

ise

all o

f th

e w

aste

wil

l

have

to b

e tr

eate

d as

a h

azar

dous

was

te. T

his

can

be v

ery

expe

nsiv

e.

In T

he

Clu

bhou

se

� C

heck

plu

mbi

ng f

or le

aks

mon

thly

� S

hut o

ff a

ir c

ondi

tion

ing

unit

s w

hen

club

hous

e is

not

in u

se o

r ra

ise

the

ther

mos

tat

� U

se a

ir-c

oole

d sy

stem

s in

stea

d of

wat

er-c

oole

d sy

stem

s w

here

fea

sibl

e

Loc

ker

Roo

ms

and

Res

troo

ms

� E

ncou

rage

wat

er c

onse

rvat

ion

�R

epai

r le

akin

g to

ilet

s, f

auce

ts, a

nd s

how

ers.

If

an e

ntir

e to

ilet

uni

t

mus

t be

repl

aced

, con

side

r w

ater

-sav

ing

mod

els.

� C

onsi

der

inst

alli

ng ti

mer

or

auto

mat

ic f

auce

ts

6

�In

stal

l wat

er-s

avin

g sh

ower

hea

ds a

nd f

ixtu

res

� R

etro

fit t

oile

ts to

red

uce

the

wat

er u

sed

in f

lush

ing.

Dis

plac

emen

t

devi

ces

and

wat

er-s

avin

g di

aphr

agm

s ar

e av

aila

ble.

Cou

rse

Mai

nte

nan

ce

Co

nst

ruct

ion

an

d M

on

ito

rin

gS

imul

atio

n an

d co

mpu

ter

soft

war

e m

odel

s ar

e im

port

ant m

onit

orin

gco

mpo

nent

s of

gol

f co

urse

man

agem

ent.

Dis

cuss

wit

h yo

ur in

dust

ryas

soci

atio

ns c

urre

ntly

ava

ilab

le m

odel

s to

ass

ist y

ou in

dev

elop

ing

cost

-ef

fect

ive

wat

er, p

esti

cide

and

nut

rien

t man

agem

ent p

ract

ices

that

are

envi

ronm

enta

lly s

ound

. Cur

rent

mod

els

are

avai

labl

e th

at s

imul

ate

nutr

ient

tran

spor

t, su

rfac

e ru

noff

, ero

sion

, and

che

mic

al le

achi

ng.

If y

ou a

re c

onst

ruct

ing

a go

lf c

ours

e, c

onsu

lt w

ith

loca

l bio

logi

sts,

cons

erva

tion

exp

erts

, the

cou

nty

exte

nsio

n se

rvic

e, a

nd o

ther

loca

lor

gani

zati

ons.

Con

stru

ctio

n ca

n de

stro

y w

ildl

ife

habi

tats

and

foo

d so

urce

s.W

ith

recl

amat

ion

and

cons

ulta

tion

of

wil

dlif

e ex

pert

s, th

ese

loss

es m

ay b

em

inim

ized

. In

fact

, you

may

act

ually

att

ract

new

spe

cies

.

Ch

emic

al S

tora

ge

Turf

mai

nten

ance

che

mic

als,

esp

ecia

lly p

esti

cide

s,ca

n ca

use

envi

ronm

enta

l dam

age

if im

prop

erly

man

aged

. Con

side

rati

on s

houl

d be

giv

ento

con

tain

men

t of

acci

dent

al r

elea

ses,

vent

ilat

ion

and

empl

oyee

saf

ety.

Con

side

r th

ese

sugg

esti

ons

for

stor

age

of h

azar

dou

s m

ater

ials

:

�St

ore

on a

n im

perv

ious

(se

aled

)

surf

ace,

i.e.

res

ists

infi

ltra

tion

or

corr

osio

n by

the

stor

ed m

ater

ials

.

�St

ore

unde

r co

ver,

whe

ther

indo

ors

or o

utdo

ors,

to k

eep

out t

he r

ain.

Che

ck w

ith

the

loca

l Fir

e D

epar

tmen

t on

fire

cod

e re

gula

tion

s

rega

rdin

g ch

emic

al s

tora

ge.

7

�P

rovi

de s

ome

type

of

seco

ndar

y co

ntai

nmen

tth

at w

ill h

old

up to

110%

of

the

larg

est c

onta

iner

sto

red

in th

e ar

ea. T

his

area

sho

uld

be

able

to c

atch

and

con

tain

any

leak

s or

spi

lls.

�L

abel

was

te c

onta

iner

s pr

oper

ly, i

nclu

ding

con

tent

s an

d da

te o

f

gene

rati

on f

or a

ny h

azar

dous

was

tes.

HA

ZA

RD

OU

S W

AS

TE

(or

NO

N-H

AZ

AR

DO

US

WA

ST

E)

FE

DE

RA

LL

AW

PR

OH

IBIT

S IM

PR

OP

ER

DIS

PO

SA

LIf

fo

un

d, p

leas

e co

nta

ct t

he

nea

rest

po

lice

or

pu

blic

saf

ety

auth

ori

ty o

r th

e U

.S. E

PA

<ty

pe o

f was

te>

<yo

ur b

usin

ess’

nam

e an

d ad

dres

san

d m

anife

st d

ocum

ent n

umbe

r><

accu

mul

atio

n st

art d

ate>

(th

e da

te w

hen

was

te w

as f

irst

pu

t in

the

dru

m)

<fe

dera

l was

te c

ode

num

bers

>

� M

ake

sure

dru

ms

are

easi

ly a

cces

sibl

ebu

t not

sto

red

in h

igh

traf

fic

area

s w

here

they

can

be

easi

ly k

nock

ed o

ver.

� B

e su

re c

onta

iner

s ar

e pr

oper

ly s

eale

d. R

egul

arly

che

ck f

or a

ny

sign

s of

leak

s, r

ust,

etc.

Ch

emic

al M

ixin

g a

nd

Lo

adin

gL

arge

con

cent

rati

ons

of p

esti

cide

s ca

n bu

ild

up in

are

as w

here

thes

ech

emic

als

are

regu

larl

y ha

ndle

d. P

rovi

sion

s m

ust b

e m

ade

for

man

agin

gw

ater

use

d in

rin

sing

con

tain

ers

and

appl

icat

ion

equi

pmen

t. S

pill

s ar

e th

eus

ual s

ourc

e of

che

mic

al w

aste

s in

thes

e ar

eas.

Sm

all b

ut f

requ

ently

repe

ated

spi

lls

in m

ixin

g an

d lo

adin

g ar

eas

can

poll

ute

grou

ndw

ater

s,su

rfac

e w

ater

s, a

nd s

oils

. Spi

lls

also

rep

rese

nt lo

st p

rodu

cts

and

mon

ey.

Cle

an-u

p co

sts

for

pest

icid

e co

ntam

inat

ion

can

be e

xtre

mel

y ex

pens

ive.

You

can

pre

ven

t soi

l an

d w

ater

con

tam

inat

ion

by:

� P

reve

ntin

g pe

stic

ide

spil

ls

� P

reve

ntin

g re

peat

ed s

mal

l spi

lls

in o

ne lo

cati

on

� C

lean

ing

up a

ny s

pill

imm

edia

tely

8

Typi

cal c

ause

s of

con

tam

inat

ion

in m

ixin

g/lo

adin

g ar

eas

incl

ude

leak

ing

nozz

les

and

hose

s, v

alve

s le

ft o

pen,

ove

rflo

win

g ta

nks,

fre

quen

t spi

llin

g of

pest

icid

es, a

nd c

lean

ing

of s

pray

equ

ipm

ent.

Pro

per

plan

ning

for

a m

ixin

g an

d lo

adin

g si

te is

ver

y im

port

ant.

A m

ixin

gan

d lo

adin

g si

te th

at is

not

des

igne

d or

con

stru

cted

pro

perl

y m

ay r

equi

reex

pens

ive

reco

nstr

ucti

on.

Bef

ore

buil

ding

, be

fam

ilia

r w

ith

avai

labl

e gu

idel

ines

. The

doc

umen

t,N

atur

al R

esou

rces

Con

serv

atio

n Se

rvic

e In

teri

m C

onse

rvat

ion

Pra

ctic

e

Stan

dard

Agr

iche

mic

al H

andl

ing

Faci

lity

dis

cuss

es d

esig

n, c

onst

ruct

ion

and

oper

atio

n of

a f

ixed

che

mic

al m

ixin

g ce

nter

and

can

be

foun

d at

:

htt

p://

ww

w.d

ep.s

tate

.fl.u

s/w

ater

/non

poin

t/do

cs/n

onpo

int/

nrc

s703

a.pd

f

Lis

ted

belo

w a

re ju

st a

few

impo

rtan

t pla

nn

ing

con

side

rati

ons:

� L

ocat

e th

e si

te a

s fa

r as

pos

sibl

e fr

om u

npro

tect

ed g

roun

dwat

er w

ells

and

area

s w

here

run

off

may

car

ry s

pill

ed p

esti

cide

s in

to s

urfa

ce w

ater

bodi

es.

� U

se a

n im

perv

ious

sur

face

for

mix

ing

and

load

ing,

suc

h as

con

cret

e.

Ste

el o

r pe

stic

ide-

resi

stan

t syn

thet

ics

may

als

o be

use

d.

� A

roo

f w

ith

adeq

uate

ove

rhan

g ov

er a

per

man

ent m

ixin

g/lo

adin

g sl

ab

prev

ents

run

off

of h

azar

dous

pes

tici

des.

�P

lant

veg

etat

ion

to p

rovi

de a

buf

fer

zone

bet

wee

n a

mix

ing/

load

ing

area

and

sen

sitiv

e ar

eas,

suc

h as

wel

ls, g

roun

dwat

er r

echa

rge

area

s,

sink

hole

s, a

nd s

urfa

ce w

ater

s.

Exc

ess

Pro

du

ct a

nd

Mix

ture

s

� C

onta

ct th

e su

ppli

er o

r m

anuf

actu

rer

to

dete

rmin

e if

exc

ess

prod

uct c

an b

e re

turn

ed,

or a

rran

ge f

or d

ispo

sal w

ith

a li

cens

ed

haza

rdou

s w

aste

con

trac

tor.

� E

xces

s m

ixtu

re th

at is

left

ove

r in

the

spra

y

tank

sho

uld

be u

sed

on a

n ap

prop

riat

e si

te. I

t

usua

lly c

anno

t be

stor

ed.

�M

easu

re a

nd c

alib

rate

car

eful

ly to

avo

id g

ener

atin

g ex

cess

mix

ture

.

9

Em

pty

Co

nta

iner

s an

d L

iner

s

� C

onta

iner

s or

line

rs th

at h

eld

pest

icid

es li

sted

as

haza

rdou

s w

aste

s

mus

t be

empt

y be

fore

dis

posa

l. (T

hese

con

tain

ers

or li

ners

mus

t mee

t

the

defi

niti

on o

f “e

mpt

y” a

s de

fine

d in

49

CF

R P

art 2

61 o

f th

e C

odes

of F

eder

al R

egul

atio

ns).

� T

ripl

e-ri

nse

cont

aine

rs w

ith

wat

er o

nly

or p

ower

was

h to

rem

ove

the

pest

icid

e.

� A

fter

trip

le-r

insi

ng o

r po

wer

was

hing

, pun

ch h

oles

in th

e pe

stic

ide

cont

aine

rs to

pre

vent

reu

se.

� Fo

llow

dir

ecti

ons

on th

e la

bel f

or c

onta

iner

dis

posa

l. W

here

rec

ycli

ng

faci

liti

es a

re a

vail

able

, rec

ycle

con

tain

ers

at a

pes

tici

de c

onta

iner

recy

clin

g fa

cili

ty, n

ot a

t a g

ener

al r

ecyc

ling

fac

ilit

y.

Un

der

gro

un

d S

tora

ge

Tan

ksU

nder

grou

nd S

tora

ge T

anks

(U

ST

s) a

re f

requ

ently

use

d by

gol

f co

urse

s fo

rga

soli

ne a

nd p

etro

leum

pro

duct

sto

rage

. Whi

le u

nder

grou

nd s

tora

ge m

ay h

elp

prev

ent e

xplo

sion

s or

fir

es, l

eaki

ng U

ST

s ar

e a

com

mon

cau

se o

fgr

ound

wat

er c

onta

min

atio

n. C

lean

up c

an b

e ve

ry e

xpen

sive

, mak

ing

prev

enti

on o

f U

ST

s le

aks

and

spil

ls th

e be

st s

trat

egy.

If y

our

cou

rse

has

un

derg

rou

nd

stor

age

tan

ks,p

reve

nt c

ostl

y cl

eanu

p by

:

� C

heck

ing

for

leak

s w

eekl

y

�Pe

rfor

min

g ti

ghtn

ess

test

ing

wee

kly

�Pe

riod

ic m

onit

orin

g of

sur

roun

ding

soi

ls (

e.g.

mon

itor

wel

ls)

� In

vent

ory

cont

rol

Rem

embe

r th

at s

tora

ge ta

nks,

if 5

00 g

allo

ns o

r gr

eate

r in

cap

acit

y, w

heth

erab

ove

grou

nd o

r un

derg

roun

d, m

ust b

e re

gist

ered

wit

h th

e P

inel

las

Cou

nty

Hea

lth

Dep

artm

ent,

4175

Eas

t Bay

Dri

ve, C

lear

wat

er, F

lori

da 3

3764

, (7

27) 5

38-7

277,

http

://w

ww

.pin

ella

shea

lth.c

om/e

nvir

oeng

inee

ring

/loca

tion.

asp

Eq

uip

men

t M

ain

ten

ance

Mai

nten

ance

of

turf

car

e eq

uipm

ent a

nd o

ther

veh

icle

s cr

eate

s a

num

ber

of w

aste

str

eam

s in

clud

ing

used

oil

s, u

sed

anti

free

ze, o

il f

ilte

rs a

nd o

ther

shop

-rel

ated

was

te. W

aste

wat

er fr

om v

ehic

le o

r equ

ipm

ent w

ashi

ng o

pera

tions

is a

noth

er w

aste

str

eam

. If p

rope

rly

man

aged

thes

e w

aste

s ca

n be

eas

ily a

nd

10

econ

omic

ally

dis

pose

d of

in c

ompl

ianc

e w

ith a

ll re

gula

tions

and

opp

ortu

nitie

sfo

r co

ntam

inat

ion

of th

e en

viro

nmen

t will

be

grea

tly m

inim

ized

.

Con

side

r th

ese

law

n c

are

equ

ipm

ent t

ips:

1. A

void

spi

lling

gas

olin

e or

allo

win

g ev

apor

atio

n. E

ven

smal

l am

ount

s of

gas

olin

eev

apor

ate

and

cont

ribu

te to

the

grou

nd le

vel o

zone

or “

smog

” pr

oble

m.

� U

se a

n ea

sy-t

o-ha

ndle

gas

olin

e co

ntai

ner

size

so

you

can

pour

slo

wly

and

smoo

thly

.

� U

se a

spo

ut o

r fu

nnel

whe

n po

urin

g ga

soli

ne in

to th

e eq

uipm

ent.

�A

void

ove

rfil

ling

the

law

n eq

uipm

ent g

as ta

nk. S

peci

al n

ozzl

es w

ith

an a

utom

atic

sto

p de

vice

kee

p th

e ga

soli

ne f

rom

pou

ring

unt

il th

e

nozz

le is

inse

rted

into

the

tank

, sto

ppin

g fl

ow w

hen

the

tank

is f

ull,

and

seal

ing

the

cont

aine

r w

hen

the

nozz

le is

rem

oved

fro

m th

e

equi

pmen

t gas

tank

. The

se in

expe

nsiv

e no

zzle

s ar

e av

aila

ble

at m

ost

hard

war

e st

ores

.

�C

lose

the

gaso

line

con

tain

er c

ap o

r sp

out a

nd v

ent h

ole

afte

r po

urin

g.

Als

o re

mem

ber

to r

ecap

the

equi

pmen

t gas

tank

.

�T

ry to

tran

spor

t and

sto

re th

e ga

soli

ne c

onta

iner

and

pow

er e

quip

men

t

out o

f di

rect

sun

ligh

t and

in a

coo

l pla

ce.

2. M

aint

ain

and

use

your

equ

ipm

ent p

rope

rly.

Pro

perl

y m

aint

aine

d eq

uipm

ent

will

run

cle

aner

, per

form

bet

ter,

and

last

long

er.

�C

hang

e oi

l as

indi

cate

d in

the

owne

r’s m

anua

l.

�R

egul

arly

cle

an o

r re

plac

e ai

r fi

lter

s.

�U

se th

e co

rrec

t oil

for

the

tem

pera

ture

(30

W o

il

is r

ecom

men

ded

for

sum

mer

tem

pera

ture

s). I

f

oper

atin

g tw

o-st

roke

equ

ipm

ent,

use

the

prop

er

fuel

/oil

mix

ture

.

� G

et p

erio

dic

tune

-ups

.

�K

eep

blad

es s

harp

and

the

unde

rsid

e of

mow

ers

clea

n.

�W

inte

r-pr

oof

equi

pmen

t eac

h fa

ll: e

mpt

y al

l fue

l, dr

ain

and

repl

ace

oil

(if

used

), c

heck

the

air

clea

ner,

clea

n th

e en

gine

, and

com

plet

e ro

utin

e

mai

nten

ance

req

uire

men

ts o

f m

anuf

actu

rer.

11

� R

educ

e or

eli

min

ate

solv

ent u

se b

y de

term

inin

g w

heth

er c

lean

ing

is

real

ly n

eces

sary

.

�U

se a

mul

ti-p

urpo

se s

olve

nt to

red

uce

the

type

s of

haz

ardo

us w

aste

that

nee

ds to

be

man

aged

.

� Fi

nd le

ss h

azar

dous

sub

stit

utes

for

sol

vent

s, s

uch

as c

itru

s-ba

sed,

wat

er-b

ased

or

dete

rgen

t-ba

sed

clea

ners

.

�K

eep

used

oil

and

oth

er v

ehic

le f

luid

s se

greg

ated

fro

m s

olve

nt w

aste

s

and

carb

uret

or c

lean

er.

�L

abel

was

te c

onta

iner

s cl

earl

y to

pre

vent

con

tam

inat

ion

of n

on-

haza

rdou

s w

aste

s.

� C

ontr

act w

ith

appr

oved

rec

ycli

ng s

ervi

ces

for

used

ant

ifre

eze,

lead

acid

bat

teri

es, u

sed

oil a

nd o

il f

ilte

rs.

3. C

onsi

der

clea

ner

optio

ns a

nd d

ispo

se o

f eq

uipm

ent p

rope

rly.

New

, cle

aner

gaso

line

equi

pmen

t is

ente

ring

the

mar

ket.

Ask

a d

eale

r ab

out t

hese

. Old

ereq

uipm

ent,

beca

use

of th

e hi

gh e

mis

sion

s, s

houl

d be

dis

pose

d of

at a

loca

lsc

rapp

er o

r re

cycl

er, i

nste

ad o

f se

lling

or

givi

ng a

way

the

equi

pmen

t for

use

.

4. R

educ

e m

owin

g ti

me.

Mow

ing

less

dir

ectly

red

uces

em

issi

ons.

� K

eep

mow

er b

lade

s sh

arp,

the

unde

rsid

e of

the

deck

cle

an, a

nd c

ut

gras

s ef

fici

ently

to r

educ

e ru

nnin

g ti

me.

�C

hoos

e lo

w m

aint

enan

ce tu

rfgr

asse

s or

gra

ss/f

low

er s

eed

mix

es

whi

ch g

row

slo

wly

and

req

uire

less

mow

ing.

Che

ck w

ith

Uni

vers

ity

of

Flo

rida

IFA

S P

inel

las

Cou

nty

Ext

ensi

on (

727)

582

-210

0 or

a lo

cal

law

n an

d ga

rden

cen

ter

abou

t app

ropr

iate

gra

sses

in P

inel

las

Cou

nty.

� D

ecre

ase

your

gre

en a

rea

by p

lant

ing

addi

tion

al tr

ees,

shr

ubs

and

nativ

e w

ildf

low

ers

and

plan

ts th

at r

equi

re li

ttle

to n

o m

aint

enan

ce

afte

r pl

anti

ng.

Lea

chin

gM

anag

emen

t of

golf

cou

rse

turf

gras

ses

is a

sci

ence

. Env

iron

men

tal

cond

itio

ns (

such

as

clim

ate,

soi

l con

diti

ons

and

moi

stur

e le

vels

) ar

e in

volv

edth

at c

an p

rom

ote

pest

s an

d di

seas

e. T

hese

sam

e fa

ctor

s ca

n af

fect

the

degr

eeto

whi

ch n

utri

ents

and

pes

tici

des

leac

h ou

t of

the

soil

.

12

Soi

ls th

at h

ave

smal

ler,

flat

ter

part

icle

siz

es -

like

cla

y -

have

mor

e su

rfac

ear

ea a

nd c

hem

ical

cha

rge.

Pes

tici

des

or f

erti

lize

rs te

nd to

bin

d or

ads

orb

toth

is la

rger

sur

face

are

a. T

hus,

all

oth

er f

acto

rs b

eing

equ

al, s

oils

wit

h so

me

clay

par

ticl

es a

re m

ore

like

ly to

tie-

up p

esti

cide

s an

d fe

rtil

izer

s, p

oten

tial

lyre

duci

ng th

e am

ount

that

can

mov

e in

to th

e gr

ound

wat

er. S

andy

soi

ls, w

ith

larg

er p

arti

cles

and

less

sur

face

are

a, a

re li

kely

to h

ave

mor

e po

tent

ial f

orle

achi

ng. H

owev

er, b

y ad

ding

org

anic

mat

ter,

the

surf

ace

area

can

be

incr

ease

d, im

prov

ing

soil

wat

er r

eten

tion

and

che

mic

al a

dsor

ptio

n.

Soil

moi

stur

eca

n al

so a

ffec

t lea

chin

g. G

ener

ally

, dry

soi

ls w

ill h

ave

mor

eca

paci

ty o

r sp

ace

for

wat

er th

an w

et s

oils

. Exc

essi

ve ir

riga

tion

or

rain

fall

can

incr

ease

the

risk

of

chem

ical

mov

emen

t thr

ough

the

soil

pro

file

into

gro

undw

ater

or

tran

spor

tati

on b

yru

noff

wat

er in

to s

urfa

ce w

ater

bod

ies.

Pest

icid

e an

d fe

rtil

izer

bin

ding

pro

pert

ies

affe

ctle

achi

ng a

s w

ell.

Som

e pr

oduc

ts a

re m

ore

like

ly to

ads

orb

orbi

nd to

soi

l par

ticl

es th

an o

ther

s. I

n ge

nera

l, pr

oduc

ts th

atbi

nd m

ore

tend

to le

ach

less

.

Per

sist

ence

desc

ribe

s ho

w lo

ng p

rodu

cts

last

bef

ore

they

are

bro

ken

dow

n. W

hile

last

ing

long

er in

the

soil

may

be

mor

e ef

fect

ive,

it a

lso

has

mor

e ti

me

to le

ach

into

gro

undw

ater

. Per

sist

ence

isde

term

ined

by

seve

ral f

acto

rs, b

ut p

rinc

ipal

ly b

yho

w th

e pr

oduc

t deg

rade

s. S

ome

prod

ucts

deg

rade

fas

ter

in s

unli

ght

(pho

toch

emic

al d

egra

dati

on),

som

e in

wat

er (

chem

ical

deg

rada

tion

), a

ndot

hers

thro

ugh

the

acti

on o

f so

il m

icro

bes

(mic

robi

al d

egra

dati

on).

Som

epr

oduc

ts m

ay e

ven

ente

r a

gase

ous

stat

e (v

olat

iliz

atio

n).

Solu

bilit

yis

def

ined

as

the

abil

ity

of a

che

mic

al to

dis

solv

e in

wat

er. T

heso

lubi

lity

of

a pe

stic

ide

mus

t be

cons

ider

ed in

con

junc

tion

wit

h th

e ot

her

fact

ors.

Les

s so

lubl

e ch

emic

als

may

mov

e sl

owly

thro

ugh

the

soil

.

13

Spec

ific

Gra

vity

com

pare

s th

e w

eigh

t of

a m

ater

ial t

o th

atof

wat

er a

nd c

an h

ave

an im

pact

on

leac

habi

lity

. Lig

hter

mat

eria

ls f

loat

on

the

surf

ace

of th

e w

ater

tabl

e an

d he

avie

rm

ater

ials

sin

k.

Nu

trie

nt M

anag

emen

tN

utri

ent m

anag

emen

t ope

rati

ons

incl

ude

fert

iliz

ing

fair

way

s an

d gr

eens

. Man

y co

urse

s ba

se f

erti

lize

r ap

plic

atio

nfr

eque

ncy,

tim

ing,

and

am

ount

on

annu

al s

oil a

naly

sis

resu

lts,

prof

essi

onal

judg

emen

t, an

d th

e ad

vice

of

the

fert

iliz

ersu

pply

com

pany

rep

rese

ntat

ives

. Soi

l tes

ting

can

ass

ess

phos

phor

ous

and

pota

ssiu

m n

eeds

. In

esta

blis

hed

turf

gras

ses,

test

ing

ever

y 1

to 3

yea

rs, d

epen

ding

on

soil

type

and

text

ure,

can

aid

in r

educ

ing

nutr

ient

run

off

or le

achi

ng.

The

maj

or w

aste

s fr

om f

erti

lize

r us

e ar

e em

pty

fert

iliz

erba

gs a

nd n

itro

gen

and

phos

phor

ous

cont

amin

atio

n of

sur

face

and

grou

ndw

ater

. Em

pty

fert

iliz

er b

ags

are

cons

ider

ed n

on-

haza

rdou

s so

lid

was

te.

Nit

roge

n an

d ph

osph

orou

s co

ntam

inat

ion

can

best

be

obse

rved

in g

olf

cour

se w

ater

haz

ards

whe

re s

igns

of

eutr

ophi

cati

on (

nutr

ient

ove

r-en

rich

men

t) in

clud

e ex

cess

ive

alga

e gr

owth

. Rap

id d

rain

ing

gree

ns a

nd a

sha

llow

wat

er ta

ble

faci

lita

te le

achi

ng a

nd n

utri

ent l

oss

to g

roun

dwat

er. N

itro

gen

surf

ace

wat

er r

unof

f ca

n ca

use

eutr

ophi

cati

on o

f su

rfac

e w

ater

s an

dgr

ound

wat

er c

onta

min

atio

n. V

olat

iliz

atio

n of

nit

roge

n du

ring

fer

tili

zer

appl

icat

ion

may

pla

y a

role

in a

cid

depo

siti

on a

nd p

arti

al d

eple

tion

of

stra

tosp

heri

c oz

one

by n

itro

gen

oxid

es. S

urfa

ce a

ppli

ed u

rea

fert

iliz

ers,

anim

al w

aste

s, a

nd m

unic

ipal

was

tes

may

cau

se v

olat

ile

loss

es o

f am

mon

iaor

nit

ric

oxid

e co

mpo

unds

to th

e at

mos

pher

e.

Po

lluti

on

Pre

ven

tio

n O

pti

on

s fo

r N

utr

ien

t M

anag

emen

tN

itro

gen

is a

n im

port

ant c

ompo

nent

of

all p

lant

pro

tein

s. T

urfg

rass

esre

ceiv

e m

ost o

f th

is n

utri

ent t

hrou

gh a

ppli

ed f

erti

lize

rs th

at m

ust b

e pr

oper

lyap

plie

d an

d m

anag

ed in

turf

env

iron

men

ts to

avo

id r

unof

f. P

rope

rap

plic

atio

n an

d m

anag

emen

t inc

lude

s ad

just

ing

the

rate

and

for

m o

f pr

oduc

t

14

acco

rdin

g to

the

soil

type

and

exp

ecte

d ra

infa

ll o

r ir

riga

tion

. Str

ateg

icla

ndsc

apin

g ca

n al

so r

educ

e th

e po

tent

ial f

or n

utri

ent r

unof

f in

to w

ater

supp

lies

. The

fol

low

ing

reco

mm

enda

tion

s m

ay b

e he

lpfu

l to

inco

rpor

ate

into

rout

ine

cour

se n

utri

ent m

aint

enan

ce:

� P

lant

a v

eget

ativ

e bu

ffer

aro

und

lake

s, s

trea

ms,

and

pon

ds to

red

uce

the

nutr

ient

load

ing

to w

ater

way

s. U

sing

nat

ive

shru

bs a

nd

grou

ndco

ver

elim

inat

es th

e ne

ed f

or f

erti

lize

r an

d ir

riga

tion

, onc

e th

e

vege

tati

on is

est

abli

shed

.

� M

aint

ain

a th

atch

laye

r in

you

r tu

rfgr

ass

to r

educ

e po

tent

ial n

utri

ent

mov

emen

t.

� L

eave

gra

ss c

lipp

ings

and

leav

es w

hen

poss

ible

and

com

post

in lo

w-

mai

nten

ance

are

as o

f th

e co

urse

.

� U

se s

low

-rel

ease

nit

roge

n fo

rmul

atio

n to

red

uce

the

pote

ntia

l for

nitr

ogen

leac

hing

and

run

off

into

wat

er b

odie

s.

� U

se le

ss f

erti

lize

r.

� U

se v

ery

litt

le o

r no

pho

spho

rous

.

� D

eter

min

e ex

isti

ng c

ondi

tion

s w

ith

avai

labl

e so

il a

nd ir

riga

tion

wat

er

test

dat

a.

�A

pply

fer

tili

zer

peri

odic

ally

rat

her

than

all

at o

nce.

� P

repa

re a

com

preh

ensi

ve N

utri

ent M

anag

emen

t Pro

gram

for

cou

rse

mai

nten

ance

sta

ff.

� A

pply

fer

tili

zer

near

tim

e of

max

imum

pla

nt u

ptak

e.

�T

ime

fert

iliz

er a

ppli

cati

on to

min

imiz

e le

achi

ng f

rom

rai

nfal

l or

irri

gati

on. I

rrig

ate

afte

r fe

rtil

izat

ion

to r

educ

e vo

lati

liza

tion

. Do

not

over

-wat

er. O

ne in

ch o

f w

ater

per

wee

k is

a r

ule

of th

umb

for

mos

t

gras

ses.

�Ir

on c

an b

e us

ed a

s an

alt

erna

tive

to n

itro

gen

on g

rass

es th

at a

re n

ot

nitr

ogen

def

icie

nt to

giv

e th

at h

ealt

hy g

reen

app

eara

nce.

� C

onse

rve

wat

er.

Usi

ng w

aste

wat

er a

nd s

ludg

e to

sub

stitu

te f

or c

hem

ical

fer

tiliz

ers

help

sre

duce

sol

id w

aste

leve

ls a

nd n

utri

ent d

isch

arge

s fr

om w

aste

wat

er tr

eatm

ent

plan

ts. O

dors

, hea

lth c

once

rns

and

publ

ic p

erce

ptio

n as

soci

ated

with

was

te-

wat

er/s

ludg

e us

e ca

n be

ove

rcom

e th

roug

h pu

blic

out

reac

h an

d tr

eatm

ent

tech

nolo

gies

. Pat

hoge

nic

orga

nism

rem

oval

is a

chie

ved

thro

ugh

disi

nfec

tion

15

or b

iolo

gica

l tre

atm

ent.

The

odo

r an

d w

eed

seed

s fr

om s

ludg

e us

e ca

n be

sign

ific

antly

min

imiz

ed b

y us

ing

heat

-dri

ed o

r co

mpo

sted

slu

dge.

Pes

tici

de

Man

agem

ent

Inse

ctic

ides

, her

bici

des,

fun

gici

des,

and

fer

tili

zers

are

tool

s th

at h

elp

ensu

re a

hea

lthy

turf

. Pes

tici

des

are

used

to li

mit

the

dam

age

from

inse

cts,

wee

ds, a

nd p

lant

dis

ease

s. W

hen

used

pro

perl

y, th

ey a

re u

nlik

ely

to r

un o

ffin

to s

urfa

ce w

ater

or

seep

into

gro

undw

ater

.

Was

tes

from

pes

tici

de u

se in

clud

e em

pty

cont

aine

rs, r

unof

f, v

olat

iliz

atio

nem

issi

ons,

and

eff

ects

on

non-

targ

et a

reas

or

spec

ies.

The

se w

aste

s ca

n be

min

imiz

ed th

roug

h th

e fo

llow

ing

prac

tice

s:

� V

isua

lly in

spec

t gre

ens

daily

for

sig

ns o

f di

seas

e or

infe

stat

ion.

� Id

enti

fy th

e sp

ecif

ic p

est t

o be

con

trol

led

and

choo

se th

e le

ast t

oxic

pest

icid

e av

aila

ble.

� A

void

usi

ng b

road

-spe

ctru

m in

sect

icid

es.

�U

se lo

w m

obil

ity,

hig

h ab

sorp

tion

, low

per

sist

ence

pes

tici

des.

� S

pot t

reat

wit

h pe

stic

ides

on

a gr

een-

by-g

reen

bas

is o

nly

whe

n in

sect

dam

age

is e

vide

nt.

� U

se n

ativ

e sh

rubs

to m

inim

ize

the

use

of b

ioci

des.

�A

pply

fun

gici

des

only

whe

n cl

imac

tic

cond

itio

ns a

re f

avor

able

for

fung

al g

row

th.

�P

urch

ase

only

the

amou

nt o

f pe

stic

ide

need

ed f

or th

e im

med

iate

futu

re.

� M

inim

ize

cont

aine

r w

aste

by

usin

g fo

rmul

atio

ns p

acka

ged

in w

ater

-

solu

ble

pack

ages

.

� R

ead

labe

ls c

aref

ully

to e

nsur

e pr

oper

and

saf

e m

ixin

g, u

se, a

nd

stor

age.

�M

ix p

esti

cide

s ca

refu

lly, u

sing

onl

y re

com

men

ded

amou

nts.

Avo

id

mix

ing

exce

ss q

uant

itie

s.

� W

hen

pest

icid

es m

ust b

e m

ixed

, con

duct

a c

ompa

tibi

lity

test

bef

ore

addi

ng p

esti

cide

s to

tank

s. F

ollo

w la

bel i

nstr

ucti

ons.

� In

spec

t and

cal

ibra

te s

pray

ing

equi

pmen

t fre

quen

tly to

ens

ure

prop

er

mix

ing

and

appl

icat

ion.

Rep

lace

leak

ing

hose

s, f

itti

ngs,

and

noz

zles

.

16

� K

eep

reco

rds

of p

esti

cide

use

, app

lica

tion

rat

e, a

nd a

ppli

cati

on d

ates

.

� C

lean

up

all s

pill

s an

d le

aks

imm

edia

tely

. Kee

p cl

ean-

up s

uppl

ies

such

as

cont

ainm

ent d

rum

s, k

itty

litt

er, s

hove

l, br

oom

, and

dus

tpan

in

stor

age

area

s.

� S

pill

ed p

esti

cide

s ca

n be

han

dled

as

a pr

oduc

t, ra

ther

than

a w

aste

, if

labe

l ins

truc

tion

s ar

e fo

llow

ed.

� A

erat

e tu

rfgr

ass.

� Fo

llow

rec

omm

ende

d m

owin

g te

chni

ques

to m

aint

ain

a he

alth

y pe

st-

resi

stan

t law

n.

� W

ork

wit

h th

e U

nive

rsit

y of

Flo

rida

IFA

S P

inel

las

Cou

nty

Ext

ensi

on.

Ch

emig

atio

n E

qu

ipm

ent

If y

ou u

se c

hem

igat

ion

equ

ipm

ent:

� P

rope

rly

cali

brat

e eq

uipm

ent.

� F

lush

inje

ctio

n eq

uipm

ent t

o pr

even

t pes

tici

de

accu

mul

atio

n.

� P

reve

nt r

unof

f of

mix

ture

.

� U

se a

nti-

back

siph

onin

g de

vice

s to

red

uce

pote

ntia

l con

tam

inat

ion

of w

ater

sup

plie

s

duri

ng ir

riga

tion

.

� F

lush

irri

gati

on s

yste

m a

fter

pes

tici

de

inje

ctio

n.

� Pe

riod

ical

ly c

heck

equ

ipm

ent f

or a

ppli

cati

on to

inte

nded

targ

et.

Rin

se W

ater

sM

inim

ize

rins

e w

ater

s by

impl

emen

ting

the

follo

win

g m

anag

emen

t pra

ctic

es:

� W

ash

out e

quip

men

t onl

y w

hen

nece

ssar

y.

� C

olle

ct r

inse

wat

er to

mak

e a

mix

ture

of

the

sam

e or

a c

ompa

tibl

e

pest

icid

e. T

he p

esti

cide

-con

tain

ing

wat

er is

not

a w

aste

if it

is u

sed

as

a pe

stic

ide.

How

ever

, if

not u

sed,

it m

ay c

onta

in p

esti

cide

s th

at w

ould

be r

egul

ated

as

haza

rdou

s w

aste

.

17

� If

rin

se w

ater

s ar

e re

used

, tho

se c

onta

inin

g pe

stic

ides

reg

ulat

ed a

s

haza

rdou

s w

aste

s sh

ould

be

used

wit

hin

90 d

ays.

Lon

ger

than

90

day

stor

age

requ

ires

not

ifyi

ng th

e F

lori

da D

epar

tmen

t of

Env

iron

men

tal

Pro

tect

ion

(FD

EP

) an

d a

perm

it is

req

uire

d.

Pes

tici

de

Sto

rag

eW

hen

sto

rin

g pe

stic

ides

:

�S

tora

ge f

acil

itie

s sh

ould

be

dry

and

wel

l-ve

ntil

ated

wit

h pr

oper

fir

epr

otec

tion

equ

ipm

ent.

� C

lear

ly la

bel a

nd s

egre

gate

con

tain

ers.

�S

tore

con

tain

ers

off

the

grou

nd in

an

area

whe

re th

ere

is n

o po

ssib

ilit

y

of f

lood

ing.

� A

void

sto

ring

pes

tici

des

that

no

long

er w

ill b

e us

ed. W

hen

poss

ible

,

retu

rn th

em to

the

man

ufac

ture

r fo

r re

labe

ling

or

repr

oces

sing

.

Pest

pro

blem

s on

gol

f co

urse

s ca

n be

det

ecte

d du

ring

on-

goin

g m

onito

ring

.M

aint

aini

ng w

ritte

n re

cord

s of

pra

ctic

es a

nd m

onito

ring

res

ults

can

ass

ist y

ouin

you

r ev

alua

tion

of m

anag

emen

t act

ions

.

Inte

grat

ed P

est M

anag

emen

t (IP

M)

Ris

ing

chem

ical

cos

ts, p

est r

esis

tanc

e to

pes

tici

des,

and

envi

ronm

enta

l con

cern

s ar

e pr

imar

y in

cent

ives

for

Inte

grat

ed P

est M

anag

emen

t (IP

M).

IPM

invo

lves

trea

ting

pes

t and

turf

prob

lem

s du

ring

idea

l tim

es in

the

mos

t eff

ectiv

e an

d en

viro

nmen

tally

soun

d m

anne

r av

aila

ble.

Thr

ough

a c

ombi

nati

on o

fch

emic

al, c

ultu

ral,

and

biol

ogic

alco

ntro

l pra

ctic

es, I

PM

can

be

used

to p

rote

ct c

ours

e tu

rfgr

ass.

Inte

grat

ed P

est M

anag

emen

t can

have

an

impo

rtan

t rol

e in

pro

tect

ing

the

envi

ronm

ent b

y m

inim

izin

g pe

stic

ide

use

on g

olf

cour

ses.

Ben

efit

s in

clud

e:

18

�Fe

wer

pes

ts a

nd m

ore

bene

fici

al p

opul

atio

ns

� R

educ

ed p

esti

cide

cos

ts

� R

educ

ed li

abil

ity

for

haza

rdou

s w

aste

s

�R

educ

ed p

oten

tial

for

soi

l or

wat

er c

onta

min

atio

n

Tu

rf IP

M P

rog

ram

Cul

tura

l pra

ctic

es th

at p

rom

ote

heal

thy

turf

red

uce

the

pote

ntia

l for

pes

ts.

Som

e pr

acti

ces

mod

ify

mic

rocl

imat

e w

hile

oth

ers

disr

upt h

ost-

pest

rela

tion

ship

s. I

PM

pra

ctic

es c

ould

incl

ude:

�S

elec

ting

turf

sui

ted

for

the

clim

ate

area

and

con

diti

ons

(hea

vy v

s.

ligh

t tra

ffic

)

�P

repa

ring

the

site

bef

ore

plan

ting

to p

rovi

de a

dequ

ate

drai

nage

and

prom

ote

heal

thy

root

gro

wth

� C

hang

ing

irri

gati

on p

atte

rns

� A

djus

ting

pH

for

gra

ss c

ultiv

atio

n

� P

hysi

cally

rem

ovin

g w

eeds

� C

lear

ing

unde

rbru

sh to

per

mit

bet

ter

air

mov

emen

t

� P

lant

ing

war

m s

easo

n gr

asse

s in

ear

ly s

umm

er a

nd c

ool s

easo

n

gras

ses

in th

e fa

ll

� A

pply

ing

fert

iliz

ers

base

d on

soi

l tes

ts

�W

ater

ing

in th

e m

orni

ng to

redu

ce th

e po

tent

ial f

or w

ater

eva

pora

tion

and

fung

al g

row

th. T

he s

oil s

houl

d be

wet

to a

6 in

ch d

epth

onc

e a

wee

k.

�M

owin

g on

ly w

hen

plan

ts a

re d

ry a

nd o

nly

rem

ovin

g 1/

3 of

the

leaf

tip

each

mow

ing

�A

pply

ing

soil

or

sand

to le

vel t

urf

to b

reak

dow

n th

atch

or

to f

ill

aera

tion

hol

es

� Id

enti

fyin

g pe

sts

accu

rate

ly, t

hen

usin

g pe

stic

ide

only

whe

re n

eede

d

�A

pply

ing

inse

ctic

idal

soa

ps, s

ulph

ur-b

ased

fun

gici

des/

mit

icid

es,

petr

oleu

m o

il, a

nd, i

f ne

cess

ary,

pyr

ethr

in/r

oten

one

com

bina

tion

s fo

r

mor

e en

viro

nmen

tally

sou

nd p

est c

ontr

ol

Non

-che

mic

al o

ptio

ns f

or p

ests

and

dis

ease

incl

ude

biol

ogic

al c

ontr

olag

ents

, use

of

trap

s an

d at

trac

tant

s, n

atur

al p

est p

reda

tors

, use

of

pest

and

dise

ase

resi

stan

t tur

fgra

ss, u

se o

f gr

owth

reg

ulat

ors,

and

mod

ific

atio

n of

pest

and

dis

ease

hab

itat

.

19

Bio

logi

cal c

ontr

ols

such

as

mic

roor

gani

sms,

end

ophy

tic

fung

i, ne

mat

odes

and

para

sito

ids

have

bee

n us

ed to

con

trol

pes

ts a

nd d

isea

se. M

icro

orga

nism

sha

ve b

een

succ

essf

ully

use

d to

con

trol

som

e gr

ubs,

sod

web

wor

ms,

and

othe

r in

sect

pes

ts. O

ther

org

anis

ms

such

as

para

siti

c w

asps

hav

e sh

own

succ

ess

in c

ontr

olli

ng g

rub,

chi

nch

bug

and

mol

e cr

icke

t pop

ulat

ions

.

End

ophy

tic

fung

i hav

e be

en u

sed

to im

prov

e gr

owth

and

dis

ease

res

ista

nce

for

seve

ral g

rass

spe

cies

. The

gra

ss a

ctua

lly a

cts

as a

hos

t for

the

fung

i.

Nat

ura

l Pre

dat

ors

Nat

ural

pre

dato

rs o

f so

ft-b

odie

d tu

rfgr

ass

pest

s in

clud

e ar

thro

pods

, mit

es,

and

vari

ous

type

s of

bir

ds. U

nfor

tuna

tely

, pes

tici

des

appl

ied

for

pest

s ha

rmth

e be

nefi

cial

pre

dato

rs. L

ong-

term

use

of

pest

icid

es e

lim

inat

es b

enef

icia

lpr

edat

ors

and

para

site

s, p

oten

tial

ly in

crea

sing

det

rim

enta

l tur

fgra

ss p

est

popu

lati

ons.

If

chem

ical

con

trol

is n

eede

d, ti

min

g of

app

lica

tion

is n

eces

sary

to r

educ

e th

e ef

fect

s on

nat

ural

pre

dato

rs.

Tra

ps

and

Att

ract

ants

Tra

ps a

nd a

ttrac

tant

s ha

ve b

een

deve

lope

dfo

r Ja

pane

se b

eetle

s. S

ex a

ttrac

tant

s ha

vebe

en id

entif

ied

for

arm

ywor

ms,

web

wor

ms

and

cutw

orm

s. B

aits

cont

aini

ng g

row

th in

hibi

tors

and

oth

erbi

ocid

es a

re e

ffec

tive

in e

limin

atin

g so

me

pest

s,pa

rtic

ular

ly c

olon

ial i

nsec

ts s

uch

as a

nts

and

term

ites.

If a

bio

cide

or

grow

th in

hibi

tor

is n

ot u

sed,

trap

s an

d at

trac

tant

sm

ay b

e be

tter

uti

lize

d fo

r m

onit

orin

g pe

st p

opul

atio

ns b

ecau

se th

ey in

crea

sepo

pula

tion

s an

d m

ay c

ause

an

incr

ease

in d

amag

e to

an

area

, mor

e th

anw

ould

nat

ural

ly o

ccur

if th

e pe

sts

wer

e no

t gui

ded

by a

ttra

ctan

ts.

Pes

t an

d D

isea

se-T

ole

ran

t T

urf

gra

ssM

uch

rese

arch

is b

eing

con

duct

ed to

dev

elop

gra

sses

mor

e re

sist

ant t

o di

seas

ean

d pe

sts.

Impr

oved

gra

sses

hav

e sh

own

resi

stan

ce to

inse

ct d

amag

e, b

row

npa

tch,

pow

dery

mild

ew, a

nd s

ever

al r

usts

. Mor

e re

sear

ch is

nee

ded

on re

sist

ant

vari

etie

s of

per

enni

al tu

rfgr

ass.

Fur

ther

info

rmat

ion

is a

vaila

ble

thro

ugh

Uni

vers

ity

of F

lori

da I

FAS

Pin

ella

s C

ount

y E

xten

sion

(727

) 58

2-21

00,

20

htt

p://

coop

.co.

pin

ella

s.fl

.us,

or y

our

Sup

erin

tend

ents

Ass

ocia

tion.

(Fo

rfu

rthe

r in

form

atio

n on

inte

grat

ed p

est m

anag

emen

t, re

ad C

h. 5

, Dev

elop

men

tof

Int

egra

ted

Man

agem

ent S

yste

ms

for T

urfg

rass

, fro

m th

e bo

ok G

olf C

ours

e

Man

agem

ent a

nd C

onst

ruct

ion

by B

alog

h an

d W

alke

r.)

Ru

nof

fS

urfa

ce w

ater

fea

ture

s su

ch a

s po

nds,

lake

s, a

nd s

trea

ms

are

an in

tegr

alpa

rt o

f m

any

golf

cou

rses

. The

y no

t onl

y pr

ovid

e an

irri

gati

on w

ater

sou

rce

and

a ha

bita

t for

wil

dlif

e, b

ut a

lso

add

chal

leng

ing

obst

acle

s to

the

cour

se.

Pro

tect

ing

surf

ace

wat

ers

requ

ires

goo

dpl

anni

ng b

y tu

rf m

anag

ers

to p

reve

nt a

ccid

enta

lpe

stic

ide

and

fert

iliz

er c

onta

min

atio

n. H

eavy

rain

fall

soo

n af

ter

chem

ical

app

lica

tion

isth

e m

ost c

omm

on r

easo

n fo

r su

rfac

ew

ater

con

tam

inat

ion.

Hea

vy r

ainf

all c

an m

ove

the

pest

icid

e or

fer

tili

zer

into

sur

face

wat

ers

beca

use

it h

as r

emai

ned

onth

e su

rfac

e an

d no

t yet

had

ach

ance

to b

e ad

sorb

ed b

y th

e so

il,

used

by

the

plan

t, or

bro

ken

dow

nin

the

soil

. Slo

ping

terr

ain,

thin

turf

,an

d po

orly

dra

ined

or

com

pact

ed s

oils

can

also

con

trib

ute

to p

oten

tial

che

mic

al m

ovem

ent i

nto

surf

ace

wat

ers.

The

Uni

ted

Stat

es G

olf A

ssoc

iatio

n (U

SGA

) sp

onso

red

rese

arch

tode

term

ine

the

impa

ct o

f se

vera

l pes

ticid

es a

nd f

ertil

izer

s on

gro

undw

ater

and

surf

ace

wat

er. P

leas

e re

fer

to th

e U

SGA

web

site

: http

://w

ww

.usg

a.or

g/gr

een

/

for

rese

arch

res

ults

. Res

earc

h in

dica

tes

that

whe

n pe

stic

ides

and

fer

tiliz

ers

are

prop

erly

use

d, p

oten

tial f

or m

ovem

ent i

nto

grou

ndw

ater

is m

inim

al. E

ach

prod

uct n

eeds

to b

e ca

refu

lly e

valu

ated

to a

sses

s pr

oduc

t cha

ract

eris

tics,

site

cond

ition

s, a

nd e

nvir

onm

enta

l fac

tors

.

21

New

er, m

ore

adva

nced

app

lica

tion

equ

ipm

ent,

low

er p

esti

cide

usa

ge r

ates

,pe

stic

ides

that

deg

rade

fas

ter

in th

e en

viro

nmen

t, an

d gr

eate

r aw

aren

ess

oftu

rf m

anag

ers

to th

e ap

plic

atio

n of

che

mic

als

have

red

uced

the

pote

ntia

l for

surf

ace

wat

er c

onta

min

atio

n.

Wet

lan

dsW

etla

nds

have

sev

eral

impo

rtan

t fun

ctio

ns to

our

com

mun

ity.

Not

onl

y do

wet

land

s pr

otec

t our

sur

face

and

gro

undw

ater

s, th

ey a

lso

cont

rol p

ollu

tion

whi

le r

echa

rgin

g ou

r aq

uife

rs. W

etla

nds

are

a ha

bita

t for

fis

h an

d w

ildl

ife

and

prov

ide

com

mun

ity

recr

eati

onar

eas.

If y

our

cou

rse

is a

djac

ent t

o

wet

lan

ds:

� L

imit

fer

tili

zer

appl

icat

ion

in

area

s ad

jace

nt to

wet

land

s

�U

se s

low

-rel

ease

fer

tili

zers

�P

ract

ice

IPM

�Pr

even

t che

mic

al tr

ansp

ort t

o

wet

land

s by

ens

urin

g dr

aina

ge s

yste

ms

do n

ot e

mpt

y di

rect

ly in

to

wet

land

s w

ithou

t som

e tr

eatm

ent.

Buf

fer

stri

ps a

id in

pre

vent

ing

runo

ff.

�P

reve

nt r

unof

f an

d dr

ift f

rom

irri

gati

on s

yste

ms

�A

void

sto

rmw

ater

run

off

from

impe

rvio

us s

urfa

ces

such

as

park

ing

lots

Wh

at to

do

wit

h H

azar

dou

s Was

te

�K

eep

all r

ecor

ds o

f ha

zard

ous

was

te h

andl

edon

sit

e fo

r at

leas

t

thre

e (3

) ye

ars.

Thi

s in

clud

es a

mou

nts

purc

hase

d, s

tore

d, r

euse

d, a

nd

haul

ed a

way

.

�H

azar

dous

was

te s

houl

d be

shi

pped

out

by

a pr

oper

ly p

erm

itte

d

haul

erto

an

EPA

app

rove

d tr

eatm

ent,

stor

age,

and

dis

posa

l fac

ilit

y.

Che

ck f

or a

ll th

e pr

oper

loca

l, st

ate,

and

fed

eral

lice

nses

. Con

tact

the

Poll

utio

n P

reve

ntio

n an

d R

esou

rce

Rec

over

y (P

2R2)

Pro

gram

for

a

list

of

appr

oved

hau

lers

.

22

�T

he f

acili

ty g

ener

atin

g th

e w

aste

sho

uld

obta

in a

n E

PA

iden

tifi

cati

on n

umbe

rfr

om th

e ad

dres

s be

low

, unl

ess

offi

cial

ly

clas

sifi

ed a

s a

“Con

diti

onal

ly E

xem

pt S

mal

l Qua

ntit

y G

ener

ator

.”

Flo

rida

Dep

artm

ent

of E

nvir

onm

enta

l Pro

tect

ion

Sout

hwes

t D

istr

ict

Haz

ardo

us W

aste

Man

agem

ent

3804

Coc

onut

Pal

m D

r.T

ampa

,FL

336

19-8

318

(813

) 74

4-61

00

Ref

eren

ces

Cit

edS

ourc

es o

f th

e in

form

atio

n in

this

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C. B

alog

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. Wal

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Lew

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Dep

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t:(7

27)

464-

4761

/TD

D-T

ext P

hone

(72

7) 4

64-4

062