Political Parties AP Ch 9 Objectives F1. Define and compare to Europe F2. Trace development of 2 party system through 4 major periods F3. Describe the

Political Parties

Political Parties

AP Ch 9AP Ch 9

ObjectivesObjectives

1. Define and compare to Europe

2. Trace development of 2 party system through 4 major periods

3. Describe the structure and differences of the 2 major parties

4. Investigate 3rd or minor political parties

1. Define and compare to Europe

2. Trace development of 2 party system through 4 major periods

3. Describe the structure and differences of the 2 major parties

4. Investigate 3rd or minor political parties

Definition (2)Definition (2)

A. Group of people who seek to control govt by holding public office

B. Group of people, joined together by common principles, in order to affect certain policies

Difference? Where do the US parties fit?

A. Group of people who seek to control govt by holding public office

B. Group of people, joined together by common principles, in order to affect certain policies

Difference? Where do the US parties fit?

Election Oriented v. Issue Oriented

Election Oriented v. Issue Oriented

US parties are motivated by elections

Europeans have much “stronger” parties

Much more “centralized” than US and better at mobilizing voters

US parties are motivated by elections

Europeans have much “stronger” parties

Much more “centralized” than US and better at mobilizing voters

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Notes/ History Take Notes to use on

history quiz

Notes/ History Take Notes to use on

history quiz4 major periods of party domination and Realignments pg. 201-206

4 major periods of party domination and Realignments pg. 201-206

5 Major Functions5 Major Functions

1. Nominating CandidatesMakes them different than other political groups

2. Informing and Activating Supporters

“Spin and Spark”3. Bonding Agent FunctionScreening candidates

1. Nominating CandidatesMakes them different than other political groups

2. Informing and Activating Supporters

“Spin and Spark”3. Bonding Agent FunctionScreening candidates





Functions (cont.)Functions (cont.)

4. GoverningIn many ways US is govt by party

Partisanship (strong support of the party and its issues) links branches, organizes elections

5. Watchdog FunctionParty out of power criticizes party in power plays the role of “loyal opposition”

4. GoverningIn many ways US is govt by party

Partisanship (strong support of the party and its issues) links branches, organizes elections

5. Watchdog FunctionParty out of power criticizes party in power plays the role of “loyal opposition”





Party RealignmentsParty Realignments

AKA critical periodsA sharp, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties

Issues change, and so do the people who vote

AKA critical periodsA sharp, lasting shift occurs in the popular coalition supporting one or both parties

Issues change, and so do the people who vote

There have been 5 Realignments

There have been 5 Realignments

1. 18002. 18283. 18604. 18965. 1932

1. 18002. 18283. 18604. 18965. 1932

2 types of Realignments2 types of

Realignments1. When one major party is badly defeated and a new party emerges

(1800, 1860)2. When major parties stay, but the voters switch to the other party (1896, 1932)

1. When one major party is badly defeated and a new party emerges

(1800, 1860)2. When major parties stay, but the voters switch to the other party (1896, 1932)

Minor Political Parties

Minor Political Parties

4 Types4 Types

1. Ideological1. Ideological

Comprehensive view of American political system

Long lastingNot concerned with election

MarxistLibertarian

Comprehensive view of American political system

Long lastingNot concerned with election

MarxistLibertarian

2. Splinter2. Splinter

Bull MooseDixiecrats

Bull MooseDixiecrats


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3. Single Issue3. Single Issue

Free SoilKnow NothingsRight to Life

Free SoilKnow NothingsRight to Life



4. Economic Protest4. Economic Protest

Usually find a real or imagined enemy

Greenbacks, Populists

Usually find a real or imagined enemy

Greenbacks, Populists



Major Party DeclineMajor Party Decline

The # of People who strongly id w/ party is declining

Split ticket voting is increased (unheard of in 1800’s)

“Office bloc” ballot replaced the party-column ballot

The # of People who strongly id w/ party is declining

Split ticket voting is increased (unheard of in 1800’s)

“Office bloc” ballot replaced the party-column ballot



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National Party Structure TodayNational Party

Structure Today2 Party system is still strong

NOT arranged like a big corporation

Both Parties have a national convention that meets every 4 years

Both have a national committee

2 Party system is still strong

NOT arranged like a big corporation

Both Parties have a national convention that meets every 4 years

Both have a national committee










Congressional Campaign Committee

Congressional Campaign Committee

Help candidates win election (in congress) $$

National Chairman handles day to day activities

Help candidates win election (in congress) $$

National Chairman handles day to day activities






Republicans OrganizeRepublicans Organize

Recruiting in the 70’sElaborate fundraisingStructuredBureaucratized

Recruiting in the 70’sElaborate fundraisingStructuredBureaucratized









Democrats Disorganized

Democrats Disorganized

Fragmented their power and influence to allow for more diversity

Factionalized

Fragmented their power and influence to allow for more diversity

FactionalizedQuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.







Republicans use technology

Republicans use technology

Computerized mailing lists of donors

RNC used the $ to run a national consulting firm

Democrats copied Increased the importance of “soft money”- $ given to the party, not direct to candidates

Computerized mailing lists of donors

RNC used the $ to run a national consulting firm

Democrats copied Increased the importance of “soft money”- $ given to the party, not direct to candidates

Internet FundsInternet Funds

2004 Primaries, Howard Dean raised $30 million, by donations of under $100

(and screamed about it)Obama? Billion?

2004 Primaries, Howard Dean raised $30 million, by donations of under $100

(and screamed about it)Obama? Billion?

Geographical supportGeographical support

Dems have moved support from the south to the North and West

Repubs have moved support from the East to the South and Southwest

Result: Dems move left and Repubs move right

Dems have moved support from the south to the North and West

Repubs have moved support from the East to the South and Southwest

Result: Dems move left and Repubs move right



National ConventionsNational Conventions

National Committee selects time and place

Sets the number of delegates and how they are to be chosen

Can influence what candidate is selected

National Committee selects time and place

Sets the number of delegates and how they are to be chosen

Can influence what candidate is selected

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Apportioning Delegates (News

article)

Apportioning Delegates (News

article)Extremely complexDems give extra votes to large states

Repubs give extra votes to loyal states

Extremely complexDems give extra votes to large states

Repubs give extra votes to loyal states

Reforms add to the Middle Class split Reforms add to the

Middle Class split Repubs traditional conservative MC

Dems- new liberal MC

Repubs traditional conservative MC

Dems- new liberal MC

2 Party System- Why?2 Party System- Why?

Scholars disagree

2 Possible Explanations:1. Election system/ laws2. Public Opinion

Scholars disagree

2 Possible Explanations:1. Election system/ laws2. Public Opinion


Review organization of parties

Review organization of parties

Late 60’s early 70’s Late 60’s early 70’s




Stucture of Parties Stucture of Parties

Dems- more factionalRepubs- more bureaucratic

Dems- more factionalRepubs- more bureaucratic

2 Party System Pretty Rare

2 Party System Pretty Rare

Only about 15 countries have it

Only about 15 countries have it


How to gauge strength of parties

How to gauge strength of partiesHow many IDOrganizationRecruitingElection of leaders of all branches

How many IDOrganizationRecruitingElection of leaders of all branches

Party as LABELParty as LABEL

Most of the time, it comes down to the label function- (key to understanding party’s function)

Most of the time, it comes down to the label function- (key to understanding party’s function)

Differences between US parties and

others

Differences between US parties and

othersFederalism effect- more decentralized

US has primaries (most states)- not party leaders who nominate

Culture- US parties have less influence in our lives limited to voting

Pres appointment power is limited

Pres and congress do not run together

Federalism effect- more decentralized

US has primaries (most states)- not party leaders who nominate

Culture- US parties have less influence in our lives limited to voting

Pres appointment power is limited

Pres and congress do not run together

Political Labels and Categories

Political Labels and Categories

How people view policy regarding the economy

How people view policy on civil rights and race relations

How people view public and political conduct

How people view policy regarding the economy

How people view policy on civil rights and race relations

How people view public and political conduct

1. Pure Liberals1. Pure Liberals

Liberal on both econ and personal conduct

Want govt to reduce inequality Regulate business, tax rich Cure economic causes of crime Pro- choice, rights of the accused

Broad First Amendment Rights

Liberal on both econ and personal conduct

Want govt to reduce inequality Regulate business, tax rich Cure economic causes of crime Pro- choice, rights of the accused

Broad First Amendment Rights



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Traits of Pure Liberals

More likely to be:

Traits of Pure Liberals

More likely to be:YoungerCollege educatedNon- religious

YoungerCollege educatedNon- religious




Pure ConservativePure Conservative

Conservative on both econ and personal conduct

Want to cut welfare Allow free markets to regulate itself

Keep taxes low ‘lock up” criminals Stop anti- social conduct

Conservative on both econ and personal conduct

Want to cut welfare Allow free markets to regulate itself

Keep taxes low ‘lock up” criminals Stop anti- social conduct




Traits: More likely to be:

Traits: More likely to be:

OlderHigher incomesWhiteMidwestern

OlderHigher incomesWhiteMidwestern





LibertariansLibertarians

Conservative on economic issues

Liberal on social issues

Want small weak govt that has little or no control over any aspect of our lives

Conservative on economic issues

Liberal on social issues

Want small weak govt that has little or no control over any aspect of our lives




Traits: More likely to be..


YoungCollege educatedWhiteHigher incomesNo religionLive in west

YoungCollege educatedWhiteHigher incomesNo religionLive in west



PopulistsPopulists

Liberal on econ matters Conservative on social issues Want govt to reduce econ inequality and control big business

Regulate personal conduct Lock up criminals Permit school prayer

Liberal on econ matters Conservative on social issues Want govt to reduce econ inequality and control big business

Regulate personal conduct Lock up criminals Permit school prayer





OlderPoorly educatedLow incomeReligiousLive in South or Midwest

OlderPoorly educatedLow incomeReligiousLive in South or Midwest



Ch 9 TestCh 9 Test

Read all ch 9 except 201-204

Read all ch 9 except 201-204

70’ Dem reforms70’ Dem reforms

Weaken party leaders influence

Increase rank and file power

Republicans out perform Dems in everything but diversity

Weaken party leaders influence

Increase rank and file power

Republicans out perform Dems in everything but diversity QuickTime™ and a

decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Delegate selectionDelegate selection

Changing rules has made the Dems more liberal and Repubs more conservative

Changing rules has made the Dems more liberal and Repubs more conservative

Review 1980’s (Hunt Commission)

Review 1980’s (Hunt Commission)

goal was to increase the influence of party leaders in the pres. Selection process

Increased Superdelegates (elected officials and party leaders who are not required to pledge themselves in advance)

goal was to increase the influence of party leaders in the pres. Selection process

Increased Superdelegates (elected officials and party leaders who are not required to pledge themselves in advance)





GrassrootsGrassroots

Local levels of parties have been dying out

Political machines no longer exist (strong around turn of century)

Pol machines characterized by patronage, trading votes for favors, corruption, not ideology

Local levels of parties have been dying out

Political machines no longer exist (strong around turn of century)

Pol machines characterized by patronage, trading votes for favors, corruption, not ideology

State and Local parties

State and Local parties

The Machine-high degree of leadership

-Personal FollowingSolidary Group (social)Sponsored Party (Detroit)

The Machine-high degree of leadership

-Personal FollowingSolidary Group (social)Sponsored Party (Detroit)

FinanceFinance

Remember- Repubs have been more successful, but Dems are catching up

Both parties re-doubled their soft money fundraising

Remember- Repubs have been more successful, but Dems are catching up

Both parties re-doubled their soft money fundraising




History- GeneralHistory- General

Party system experience broad changes (1932,1968) with parties rising and declining over the years

New Deal coalition and the break in 1968

Party system experience broad changes (1932,1968) with parties rising and declining over the years

New Deal coalition and the break in 1968

Why have parties become weaker??

Why have parties become weaker??

1.2.3.4.5.

1.2.3.4.5.

Documents

Political Parties AP Ch 9 Objectives F1. Define and compare to Europe F2. Trace development of 2 party system through 4 major periods F3. Describe the