71

MINISTRY OF PANCHAYAT AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

MPLD8 2

A POLICY FOR

SANI1ATION

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Report of the Conferenceheld in Pokhara 6-11 October 1982

KathmanduN~~~mh~-~LQR)

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Sponsored by UNICEF

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MINISTRY OF PANCHAYATAND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

A POLICY FOR

SANITATION

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I~~iU~i~t’~ Y~’at&S~:pp~y

Report of the Conference held in Pokhara 6-11 October 1982

Part II : Sanitation

KathmanduNovember 1982

Sponsored by UNICEF

A Conference was held in Pokhara from 6-11 October 1982attended by Senior Officials of the Ministry of Panchayat andLocal Development, representatives from donor and volunteeragencies and other Government departments. The objectives ofthe Conference were to discuss and recommend policies for:

a) The Maintenance and Repair of Community Water

Supply and Sanitation Systems

and b) Sanitation

The policies recommended by the Conference are containedin two separate reports, Part 1 concerning Maintenance andPart II concerning Sanitation.

FOREWORD

The rural masses in the Huis, Midiands and Terai areasof Nepal are unaware of the grave consequences due to the poorsanitary conditions prevailing at present. The Ministry ofPanchayat and Local Development (MPLD) is yet to come up witha massive Sanitation Programme.. Several International Agencieshave shown keen interest to help MPLD to develop such a Programmewhich will be accepted by the rural people.

For the purpose of formulating a successful SanitationProgramme a Conference was recently conducted by MPLD, withthe participation of experts from UNICEF, WHO, SATA, severalvolunteer agencies and our own engineer ~ administrators. Thisreport, which is the outcome of that Conference, proposes plansand policies for the success of a Sanitation Programme. This workis a good exampie of cooperation between foreign experts andNepali staff whose main aim is to help the rural mass economic-ally and hygienically by providing them with proper sanitationfacilities.

1 would like to express my sincere thanks to UNICEF forassisting the Conference and also to all other InternationalAgencies for providing the necessary advice and expertise.Lastiy, my best wishes to all who helped and participated forthe success of the Conference.

Santa B. RaiAdditional SecretaryMinistry of Panchayat

and Local Development

CONTENTS

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Sanitation Policy

Annexes

Summary of Proceedings and List of Participants

TABLE OF ANNEXES

1. Job Descriptions for Sanitation:

Project Engineer

SanitatjonCoordinator (Overseer)

Overseer/Supervisor

Water Supply and SanitationTechnician (WSST)

2. Responsibilities of the SanitationIinit

3. Training Requiren~nts for Sanitation

4. Sanitation Construction Completion Questionnaire

1

Page 1

SECTION 1

SANITATION POLICY FOR THE

MINISTRY OF PANCHAYATAND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

This policy defines the responsibilities at the Village District,Regional and Ministry levels for the promotion and implementationof sanitation activities.

1. VILLAGE LEVEL

1.1 The Water Supply and Sanitation Construction Committee(WSSC) shail promote and support all sanitationactivities.

1.2 The WSSCshall organize the provision of voluntarylabour and local rnaterials for the construction oflatrines at schools, health posts, panchayat buildingsand other institutions, as necessary.

1.3 The Pradhan Pancha, Ward Chairman and WSSCmembersshail be expected to build a household latrine fortheir own use.

1.4 All members of the WSSC shall be expected to encourageother villagers to build household latrines.

1.5 On completion of the construction of the project theVillage Maintenance and Sanitation Committee (VMSC)shali continue to carry Out the responsibilitiesdefined above for the Construction Committee.

1.6 The VMSC shali encourage the proper use and maintenanceof latrines at schools, health posts, panchayatbuildin~s and other institutions, as necessary.

2. DISTRICT LEVEL

2.1 Promote and support sanitation activities undertakenin the District. -

2.2 Ensure a sanitation component is included as an integralpart of all water supply projects in the District.

2.3 All new buildings constructed by the District shallinciude latrines according to standard designs.

2.4 Include sanitation activities and budget in theDistrict Development Plan.

2.5 Promote and support the construction of latrines inall schools, health posts, panchayat buildings andother institutions, and encourage the constructionof household latrines.

Page 2

2.6 Ensure the District Technical Office has adequatestandard latrine designs, promotional and educationalmaterials with support from the Regional Dir-èctorate,if necessary.

2.7 Ensure all persons involved in sanitation promotionand construction activities receive appropriatetraining, with support from the Regional Directorate,if necessary.

2.8 Ensure at least one Overseer is trained to undertakesanitation activities.

2.9 Ensure co-ordination and cooperation of all governmentoffices at the District level, especially the involve-ment of staff of Health Posts and Schools.

2.10 Maintain records and submit reports as required tothe Regional Directorate for forwarding to theMinistry.

3. REGIONAL LEVEL

3.1 Ensure a sanitation component is included as anintegral part of all water supply projects in theRegion.

3.2 Ensure all project designs and estimates inciudelatrines at schools, health posts, panchayat buildings.

3.3 Appoint one Overseer as Sanitation Co-ordinator atthe Regional Directorate.

3.4 Extend sanita-tion promotion and constructionactivitiès to other areas outside water supply projects.

3.5 Organize training of all staff in co-ordination withthe Ministry.

3.6 Encourage the inclusion of a sanitation componentin all training courses undertaken by the PanchayatTraining Centre.

3.7 Allocate adequate budget and resources for sanitationpromotion and construction activities.

3.8 Ensure the inclusion of sanitation activities in themaintenance of all water supply systems.

3.9 Maintain records and submit progress reports to theMinis try.

Page 3

4. MINISTRY LEVEL

4.1 Develop, promote and support all sanitation activitiesinciuding an integral sanitation component in all ruralwater supply programmes.

4.2 Strengthen and develop the Sanitation Unit which shallbe responsible for all Ministry level activities.

4.3 Co-ordinate and exchange information with all govern-ment and non-government organizations involved insanitation activites.

4.4 Develop and disseminate policy, standard designs andprocedures, promotion ai~d education materials andtraining programmes in close collaboration with staffat the Regional and District levels.

4.5 Allocate budget and resources.

4.6 Collect and analyse reports from Regional and Districtlevels for monitoring and evaluation of progress ofsanitation activities.

SECTION 2

ANNEXE S

The following section contains job descriptionsand other information to facilitate the implementationof the Sanitation Policy.

ANNEX 1

MINISTRY OF PANCHAYATAND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR SANITATION

1. Project Engineer

1.1 Ensure latrines for Schools/Health Posts andPanchayat Buildings are inciuded in projectdesigns and estimates.

1.2 Ensure all institutional latrines are initiatedat an early stage of project implementation andare constructed according to standard designs.

1.4 Supervise the sanitation components of the project.

1.5 Promote and discuss sanitation at all public andcommittee meetings during project visits.

1.6 Improve and develop all aspects of sanitationactivities under his supervision.

1.7 Encourage and motivate project staff to promotethe sanitation compônents of the project.

1.8 Ensure all project staff receive adequate trainingin sanitation.

1.9 Coordinate and exchange information with theSanitation Unit through the Regional Directorate.

1.10 Keep records and submit progress reports to theRegional Directorate.

ANNEX 1Page 2

JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR SANITATION

2. Sanitatiori Coordinator (Overseer)

2.1 Visit all the CWSSprojects at least once perseason to observe and monitor progress inconstruction, promotion and education activities.

2.2 Evaluate and improve the technical designs forSchools, Health Posts, Panchayat Buildings andHousehold latrines in coordination with theSanitation Unit of the Ministry.

2.3 Coordinate all Regional activities with theSanitation Unit of the Ministry.

2.4 Monitor the impact of the sanitation activitieswithin the villages with the use of standardquestionnaire forms to be submitted to theMinistry for analysis.

2.5 Evaluate the education and promotion materialsbeing used in the CWSSprogramme and new materialsin collaboration with the Ministry and othergovernment agencies.

2.6 Keep records, make a progress report every 3months and a final report at the end of the seasonfor submission to the Ministry.

ANNEX 1

Page 3

JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR SANITATION

3. Overseer (CWSS Supervisor)

3.1 Supervise the Water Supply and SanitationTechnician (WSST) in the construction oflatrines at Schools, Health Posts andPanchayat Buildings and ensure that the WSSTconstructs a household latrine for personaluse.

3.2 Supervise the distribution and use of theSânitation Education Kit in schools withinthe project area.

3.3 Identify interested and influential personsin the project area, and motivate them toplay an active role in promoting sanitationactivities.

3.4 Keep record of the progress and include thesanitation component in the final projectrêport, including the use of education andpromotion materials.

3.5 Ensure the sanitation promotion, educationand construction ac-tivities are finishedbefore the project is declared complete.

ANNEX 1Page 4

JOB DESCRIPTIONS FOR SANITATION

4. Water Supply and Sanitation Technician (WSST)

4.1 Ensure the Water and Sanitation ConstructionCommittee (WSCC) assumes responsibility forthe implementation of sanitation activitiesin the village.

4.2 Construct a household latrine made from localmaterials for personal use within one monthof arrival at the project site.

4.3 Encourage all members of the WSSCto build ahousehold latrine for their own personal use.

4.4 Train the Village Maintenance and SanitationWorker (VtvISW) in the construction of householdlatrines and ensure that VMSWbuilds one for him-self and encourages other villagers to buildhousehold latrines.

4.5 Construct a latrine for the teacher and latrinesfor the pupils at the local school within theproject area first obtaining the support of theteachers and school committee.

4.6 Assist the school teachers in explaining thebenefits of improved sanitation to the pupilsusing the Sanitation Education Kit.

4.7 Construct a ferrocement slab latrine at thehealth post, if any, and one household latrineto act as a demonstration first obtaining thesupport of the health post worker.

4.8 Encourage the construction of a ferrocement slablatrine at the local Panchayat Building, if any,first obtaining the support of the local officials.

4.9 Promote the construction of household latrinesand supply technical advice to anyone who wishesto construct one with the support of VMSW.

4,10 Explain benefits of clean water and sanitationto the villagers with the support of the VMSCand the health post worker.

4.11 Instruct the VMSW, teachers, health post worker,panchayat officials and villagers in the properuse and maintenance of the latrines.

4.12 Inspect regularly the use of the latrines andmake records to be submitted to the RegionalDirectorate.

ANNEX 2

MINISTRY OF PANCHAYATAND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SANITATION UNIT

The Unit has been established within the Ministry Headquartersand its responsibilities are as follows:

1. Plan and formulate sanitation activities in coordinationwith the Regional Directorates.

2. Develop standard designs, procedures and surveys forsanitation within the Ministry.

3. Assist in planning, design and execution of sanitationtraining for all staff in liasonwith the RegionalDirectorates.

4. Cooperate closely, support and exchange information forsanitation activities at the Regional and District levels.

5. Liase with other agencies and organizations involved insanitation activities (i.e. the Environmental SanitationSection and the Health Education Section, DHS and theSanitation Unit of DWSS, non-government organizations).

6. Involve -in the development of policies and stategies withinthe National Group for the International Drinking WaterSupply and Sanitation Decade.

7. Monitor and evaluate all sanitation programmes.

:~

ANNEX 3

MINISTRY OF PANCHAYATAND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

The following courses will be organised by the SanitationUnit of the Ministry with assistance from other governmentand non-government agencies.

1. Engineers

Duration 4 days

Location To be decided

Courses/Year One

Participants Engineers within the CWSSprogrammeand other sanitation projects of theMinistry

No. of partici-

pants/course 10-15

Course to inciude the following topic~:

a) Health factors related to lack of sanitary facilities.

b) Technical options and construction procedures.

c) Health education and promotion activities.

d) Communications techniques for better promotion.

e) Role of the Sanitation Unit and coordination with

the Reg~ional Directorates.

f) Resume of activities within the CWSSprogramme.

g) Planning, management and implementation procedures.

h) Role of the Engineer and specific duties.

i) Field visit to observe construction activities.

2. Overseers

Duration 4 days

Location Nepalgunj, Jhapa, Pokhara, Kathmandu

Courses/Year Four

Participants Overseers within the CWSSprogramme and

other sanitation projects of the Ministry

No. of partici-pants/Course 10-15

ANNEX 3

Page 2

Course to inciude the following topics:

a) Causes and transmission routes of sanitary-related

diseases.

b) Description of water-related diseases.

c) Technical options and construction procedures.

d) Role of the Overseer and specific duties.

e) Role of the Sanitation Coordinator (Overseer)

and •liaison with the Sanitation Unit.

f) Role of the Sanitation Unit and coordination with

the Regional Directorates.

g) District and village support for activities.

h) Health education and promotion activities withinthe programme and motivation techniques to beused in the villages.

3. Water Supply and Sanitation Technicians (WSST)

Sanitation training will be included in both thenew and upgrading training courses to be held in allRegions. In addition, extra sanitation and healtheducation training may be given at the UNICEF/MPLDField Offices at the discretion of the Regional projectstaff.

To include the following:

a) Causes ~nd transmission routes of sanitary-related

diseases.

b) Personal and Home Hygiene.

c) Waste and excreta disposal facilities for the villages.

d) Role of the WSST and specific duties.

e) Construction of standard latrine designs for schools,

health posts and panchayat buildings latrines.

f) Construction of simple household pit latrines from

local materials.

g) Health education duties, distribution and explanationof support materials for the school, health post andvillages.

h) Communication techniques to be used for motivationpurposes.

ANNEX 4

MINISTRY OF PANCHAYATAND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT

SANITATION CONSTRUCTIONCOMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE

Ward No

District

1. Panchayat

Village

2. Name of head of household

3. No. of users

4. Date latrine construction conpleted

5. Type of local materials used:

a) Bamboo b) Tree branches c) Straw d) Others (Specify)

6. Location: How far is the latrine from

a) House~ b) Water Source~ c) Tapstand:

7. Type of use:

a) Only adult male ~J b) Adult male ~ female L7c) Only adult female /J d) Adult female ~ children 1Je) Children only [7 f) All family members £17

8. Are there two separate latrines for males and females? Yes [7 No

9. Amount of water used (a) for anal ~leaning

(b) for cleaning the latrine

10. Latrine cleaning (a) How often?

(b) By whom?

(c) ~Vhatis usedto clean it?

11. 1f latrine is not used, give reasons:

a) No superstructure/~7 b) Not accustomed

c) Latrine smells L7 d) Pit is full £17e) Other (explain)

12. Have you been instructed on the use andmaintenanceof latrines?

a) Yes [7 b) No [7 c) 1f yes, who by9

ANNEX4

Page 2

13. Are you happy with your latrine?

a) Yes ~ b) No

1f not , state the reason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14. State reasons for building your own latrine .. . . . . ..... . . . . ,

.11S..S•

. .

15. What is the dimension of your pit?

a) Depth b) Length. ..... c) Width

d) 1f circular, diameter

16. Did you use lining? Yes £7 No

1f yes, what is the material used? .................,

How imich of the pit is lined” . . . . . . .

17. How many days did it take to coiplete?

a) Pit b) F].oor . . . . . . , . , . . . . c) Superstruçti.ire. . . . . .

18. What materials did you use for the slab? ..................

19. How nuch money did you spendon the latrine? ..............

20. Did anyone build a latrine after seeingyours? Yes L7 No £7Did you encourage~anyone to build a siniilar latrine? Yes £7 No £~7

21. General physical condition:

1) Squatting hole cover: Yes £7 No £72) Superstructure:(a) high (b) 10w Cc) strong (d) ~eak

Conun~nts•..,........................,..,....,................S......

22. Generalsanitarycondition: , -

a) Clean b) Not clean c) Odorless d) Odor

23, What difflculties did you encounterin buliding your latrine?

24. What inprovementsdoyou suggest? -

25. Remarks ~

4

Page 1

SECTION 3

SUMMARYOF CONFERENCEPROCEEDINGS

1. Regional Activities in Sanitation

Initially each region gave a resume of sanitationactivities that had been performed in the 1981/82construction season which are summarised below:

1.1 Ministry

A Sanitation Unit has now been established atCentral Headquarters which will be staffed by2 full-time Engineers (in 1982/83, one Volunteerwill be appointed as an engineer). The Unitwill be responsible for the supervision andcoordination of all sanitation activities undertakenby the Ministry including the following:

a) The Semi-Urban Sanitation Pilot Project

b) Sanitation Component of the CWSS Programme

c) Sanitation Component of the Terai TubewellPilot Project.

Implementation of b) and c) will be carried outby the Regional Directoraces. The Semi-UrbanSanitation Pilot Project will be initially implementedby the staff of the Sanitation Unit through theRegional Directorates. This is an integrated projectto be introduced into four semi-urban committees overthe four year period 1982-86 which includes a healtheducati~on cainpaign, construction of household andschool latrines, public tapstands and drainagefacilities. The first village chosen in Khokana,a Newar community which has a population of 4000and has approximately 500 houses.

1.2 Central Region

During most of the 1981/82 construction season theCentral Region was under the direct responsibilityof the Ministry Headquarters and was principallyinvolved in the planning, design and establi.shmentof the Sanitation Unit in the Ministry. Detailedsurveys, desi’gns and estimates for Khokana underthe Semi-Urban Sanitation Pilot Project werecompleted and the health education campaign is dueto begin shortly. No sanitation construction ortraining activities were included in the CWSSprogramme within the past year.

Page 2

1.3 Easte~n Region

a) Construction

In the 1981/82 season the following type andnumber of latrines were completed in a totalof 23 CWSS projects:

- School latrines 14

- Household Latrines built by technicians 22

- Household latrines built by the villagers 26(max)

In addition another 11 school latrines are stjllto be completed. During this season, not all ofthe project designs and estimates inciuded schoollatrines but for 19a2/83, one teacher typelatrine and one new type double Unit latrine forthe pupils has been inciuded in all projectdesigns and estimates. In the construction season,it is intended to start construction of theinstitutional latrines during the initial monthsof project implementation.

b) Training

The upgrading courses in Jhapa in July 1981inciuded training in school, health post andhousehold latrine construction, health educationand communications for WSST’s with one yearexperience in the CWSSprogramme. Training insimple pit latrine construction, health educationand cominunications was also given to new techni-cians~in November 1981 in the Jhapa PanchayatTr~inin-g Centre. This season the upgrading train-ing courses for WSST’s will be held at Ilam andLamidanda field offices in November and December1982. ~At these courses, newly developed schoollatrine designs will be constructed and problemsand progress wil], also be reviewed. In February1983 an overseer training course will be givenin Jhapawhich will discuss their role in thesupervision of sanitation activities, latrinedesigns in the CWSS programme and will reviewprogress.

c) Health Education

In April 1982, sanitation workshops were givento explain to the technicians the use of the newsanitation education kit for schoo].s within CWSSproject areas. These were held at the MPLD/IJNICEFField Offices~ 16 WSST’s attended at Ilam and. atLamidanda. The workshops also reviewed sanitationactivities and the progress of the technicians.

Page 3

d) Other Activities

An Overseer will be appointed as SanitationCoordinator who will coordinate all construction,promotion and education activities within theRegion and will liaise with the Sanitation Unitof the Ministry.

The Regional Office has decided to construct10 school latrines in Morang District as a pilotproject outside the CWSSprogramme.

1.4 Western Region

a) Construction

In the 1981/82 season the following type andnumber of latrines were completed:

- School latrines 5

- Household latrines built by the technician -

- Household latrines built by the villagers 2

- Latrines outside the CWSSprogramme 12

The cost of the household latrines beingconstructed at present is high since cementand HDP pipe have been used in most cases. Infuture, the Region intends to develop cheaperdesigns for school, health post and householdlatrines.

b) Training

Sanitation training was given in the refresherand upgrading training courses held in summer1981 and 1982. The Region has developed asanitation training curriculum to be inciudedin all training programines for overseers,technicians and foremen. Deinonstration trainingin the construction of latrines will also bearranged and will be carried Out ~fl projectvillages. A one day workshop was held in April1982 which 8 Overseers and 1 Engineer attendedto discuss their roles in sanitation and thesanitation componentof the CWSS programme.

c) Health Education

A workshop was given in April 1982 which 11 WSST’sattended at the PokharaMPLD Regional Office toexplain the use of the sanitation education kitand discuss activities. The Region has alsodevelopeda sanitation handbook for the use offield staff including health education, latrinedesigns and estimates.

Page 4

d) Other Activities£

A sanitation component is inciuded in the TeraiTubewell Project which is to be implemented inKapilvastu. This will involve promotion ofsanitation health education activities andconstruction of institutional and householdlatrines.

The ~Region has constructed 12 latrines outsidethe CWSSproject at local institutions includingthe Women’s Development Training Centre and thePolice Training Centre in Pokhara.

1.5 Mid and Far Western Regions

a) Construction

In the 1981/82 season the following latrineswere constructed in a total of 27 projects inthe CWSSprogramme:

- School latrines 14

- Household latrines built by the technician 25

- Household latrines built by the villagers 238

Next season emphasis will be given to theconstruction of latrines at the schools, healthposts and panchayat buildings during the initialperiod of project implementation. A sanitationcompletion form has been developed for monitoringprogress of latrine construction. (See Annex 4).

b) Training

Training for WSST’s in latrine construction wasinciuded in the upgrading training courses forschools, health posts and households, togetherwith communication and health education. Courseswere held in September 1981 and September 1982at the Nepalgunj Panchayat Training Centre. Anoverseer training çourse will be held inNovember 1982 at Nepalgunj.

c) Health Education

In March 1982 sanitation workshops were givenon the MPLD/IJNICEF Field Offices which 9 WSST’sattended in Surkhet; 7 in Chaurjahari and 11 inDandeldhura, to explain the use of the sanitationeducation kit for schools and discuss progress.The Region has developed the script for a sanitationcomic which includes stones, plays and experiencesof the project staff which is for school childrenand literate villagers.

Page 5

d) Other Activities

An Overseer has been appointed as SanitationCoordinator for the Mid and Far Western Regionsfor the promotion and monitoring of activities.

2. Meeting with the Local Development Officers

The last two days of the Conference were attended by theLDO’s of the Western Region and initially a resuine ofsanitation activities in each of the regions was brieflypresented. Some of the LDO’s described their own experiencesin this field. They described the difficulties of intro-ducing sanitation in the villages. Most of the villagerspractise open defecation and are unaware of the healthhazards of this. One LDO recounted how for fifteen yearshe had tried to convince the members of his own familyto use a latnine that he had constructed and to regularlyclean it.

It was suggested that the LDO’s should send a progressreport to the Regional Directorate for the CWSSprojectswithin the District. Sanitation education materials weredjstributed to the LDO’s at the end of the Conference.

3. Sanitation Education Kit

The development and use of the kit was briefly explainedto the Conference participants.

A year ago it was decided that in order for the technicianto effectively propagate sanitation within the villages,teaching materials would be necessary to explain therelationship between clean water, health and sanitation.The schools within the CWSSproject areas were consideredthe most appr~priate place to direct these materials sincethey could be incorporated into the healtheducation curri-cula and the children wou1d~be less influenced by traditionalpractices and thereforemore receptive. The children wouldalso bring homé idèas of sanitation thus making it easierfor the technician to convince the viliagers to build theirown household latrines. -

The kit was mairily designed for use for classes 1-5(ages 5-10) since the majority of projects have at leastone primary school and one kit would be distributed toeach school. It consists of a texthookcontaining 15 lessonseach of approximately one hour on water, health andsanitation, and 12 larg’e posters. The textbook begins withthe introduction of the project and then leads intocontamination o~water through excreta, sanitary-relatedillnesses, personal and home hygiene. The posters aredesigned for use in conjuction with the lessons but canalso be used separately.

Page 6

Last construction season workshops were given in theRegions (as described in 2) to train the technicians inthe use of the kit by school teachers and to superviseits use since it is still in the pretest stages ofdevelopment. A follow—up will be carried out next seasonto review the contents and the use of the kit withinthe schools.

4. Other Sanitation Activities within the Conference

A play was performed by two Assistants from the PanchayatTraining Centre. The script was taken from the sanitationcomic produced by the Far and Mid Western DevelopmentRegions. The play describes the illness of poor farmersuffering from diarrhoea who meets a man who is able totell him why he is ill. The man describes to the suffererhow he can become iii by contamination with human excreta.He describes how flies, soil, animals and direct contactwith human faeces of a sick person can contaminate hisfood and drink. The patient finds this very hard to believebut listens when the wise man describes how he can improvehis health by constructing a simple, effective andinexpensive pit latrine. The play is a very innovativestep forward in sanitation promotion and it was recommendedthat it be submitted for broadcasting on Radio Nepal.

A film on ascaris (roundworm) was also shown to theparticipants.

Page 7

MPLD, Kathmandu

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

1. Mr Santa Bahadur Rai - Additional Secretary

2. Mr Chandra Bahadur Pradhanang - Superintending Engineer

3. Mr Krishna Bhadra Sharma - Under Secretary

4. Mr Indra Bahadur Mali - Section Officer

5. Mr Arjun Narsing Rayamajhi - Engineer

6. Mr Rabindra Man Singh - Engineer

7. Mr Kuldeep Ratna Tuladhar - Engineer

8. Mr Santosh Pathak - Engineer

9. Mr Birat Man Pradhan - Engineer

MPLD Regional Office, Eastern Region

1. Mr Krishna Prasad Ojha

2. Mr Narendra Baral

MPLD Regional Office, Central Region

1. Mr Jagannath Bhakta Shrestha -

2. Mr Amrit Man Palikhe -

MPLD Regional Office, Western Region

1. Mr Govinda Lal Shrestha

2. Mr Mangal Bahadur Shrestha

3. Mr Rudra Nath Adhikari

4. Mr Moti Lal Pandey

- Section Officer

- Engineer

Regional Director

Eng meer

- Regional Director

- Engineer

- Section Officer

- Engineer

MPLD Regional Office, Mid-Western Region

1. Mr Thum Raj Shrestha - Overseer

MPLD Regional Office, Far-Western Region

UNICEF

1. Mr Jiva Nath Regmi - Section Officer

WHO

1. Mr K. Khoschashm - Sanitary Engineer

2. Mr A.P. Hirano - Sanitary Engineer

1. Mr Colin Glennie - Project Officer

2. Mr Datta Tray Roy - Assistant PSC Officer

3. Ms Vanessa Tobin - Sanitation Officer

“ 11Page 9

Page 8

UNICEF Field Offices

1. Mr Larry Robertson

2. Mr Henk van Norden

3. Mr Bhai Raja Sakya

4. Mr Niranjan Lal Shrestha

5. Mr Bijaya Gopal Rajbhandari

6. Mr Rajendra Sakya

‘7. Mr Naresh Jung Gurung

SATA

1. Mr Han Heijnen

2. Mr Raj Kaji Ranjitkar

SNV

1. Mr Adarsha ~lan Tuladhar

2. Mr Bor Van Omen

GVS

1. Mr Gerhard Dernbecher

- Project Officer,Tubewell Project

- Project Officer,Biratnagar

- Project Officer,Nepal gunj

- Project Officer,Ilam

- Asst Project Officer,Chaurj ahani

- Asst Project Officer,Dade ldhura

- Regional Field Officer,Pokhara

- Project Manager,

CWSS, Pokhara

- Engineer,

CWSS, Pokhara

- Programme Officer

- SNV Central Region

- PTC Pokhara

Department of Water Supply and Sewerage

1. Mr Shiva Ratna Rajbahak

2. Mr Dev Ratna Sakya

- Gorkha

- Butwal

Local Development Officers

1. Mr Bhakti Bilas Sudedi

2. Mr Parsu Ram Bhari

3. Mr Shyam Sundar Gubhaju4. Mr Sthane Swar Sharma

5. Mr Rama Dev Joshi

6. Mr Ganesh Prasad Paudel

7. Mr Hari Prasad Adhikari

(Nawalparasi)

(Rupandehi)

(Kaski)

(Palpa)

- “ “ (Manang)

- “ ‘~ (Gulmi)

- “ “ (Baglung)

4

- Acting LDOt,

t, t,

1~

&

t

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r

-4