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BELIEF, REASON, AND EMOTION: Abstract categories across genres
and world Englishes
Małgorzata FabiszakAnna Hebda
Iwona Kokorniak
Presentation outline
1. A description of the project2. Basic methodological assumptions3. The ICE corpus4. Quantitative analysis5. Qualitative analysis6. Results7. Further questions
1. The Project: Our Team
1. The project: aims and inspiration• Inspiration: The linguistic image of the world
(Bartmiński); empathy as the basis for understanding other minds (Husserl, Kotarbiński, Kołakowski, Tomasello)
• Method: Corpus linguistics (Stefanowitsch, Gries, Glynn)
• Theory: cognitive linguistics (Langacker, Lakoff)• General research question: How do folk models
of abstract concepts: BELIEF – REASON – EMOTION differ in Polish and English and how can this affect inter-cultural communication?
1. The project: specific questions
• Diachronic change in the semantic – syntactic structure of the selected lexemes in English
• Ontological and epistemological status of belief, reason, emotion in European philosophy vs. their folk models in Polish and English
• Semantic-syntactic structure of the lexemes in a comparative perspective
• Linguistic usage as evidence of cultural values
2. Basic methodological assumptions
• Language users select linguistic expressions from the available repertoire to express their internal mental states and to share them with the other (Halliday – Matthiesen 2006)
• Language corpora are repositories of evidence of such usages
• A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods
3. The ICE corpus
• International Corpus of English: 20 national or regional varieties
• Each ICE corpus consists of one million words of spoken and written English produced after 1989.
• East Africa, Great Britain, Hong Kong, India, Ireland, Jamaica, New Zealand, The Philippines, Singapore
4. Quantitative analysis: method
1. morphological features of the verb form: voice and aspect,
2. the syntactic properties of the clause: transitivity, mood, clause type
3. semantic characteristics of the referents of the elements co-occurring with the verb: its subjects/heads, objects, complements co-occurring with the verb.
4. Quantitative analysis: problems with tagging - 1
<$A> <ICE-IND:S1A-052#186:1:A>Embarassed like you feel
What is the subject?
4. Quantitative analysis: problems with tagging - 2
<$B> I just can't <,> at nine fifteen by nine daddy will come homeno <,> <{> <[> uhm <,> and I feel shy <,> not shy like <,> I don't I don'tfeel like <$A> <[> Uhm </[> </{> <$A> Embarassed like you feel <$B> Yeah <$A> In front of everyone <$B> Yeah yeah <,> <O> laughs </O>
4. Quantitative analysis: adjective value
• Haseeb felt utterly confused <ICE-IND:W2F-001#123:1>
• Subhro felt slightly uncomfortable. <ICE-IND:W2F-006#81:1>
• We feel so happy to be with them <,> <ICE-IND:S1A-001#10>
• economical status makes a woman to feel very liberated <,> <ICE-IND:S1A-011#37:1:C>
4. Q.a.: adjective value - problems• Married, obliged – Is it an adjective?
She did not feel married. She felt untouched, pure, virginal. <ICE-IND:W2F-020#91:1>Mr Yadav has compromised on secularism and social justice that he felt obliged to prove his <foreign> bona fides</foreign> by raising the reservation quota of backward castes in government jobs from 15 to 27 per cent. <ICE-IND:W2E-003#68:2>
• Is it positive or negative?
Or he her. He felt dizzy with elation <ICE-IND:W2F-017#95:1>
• Positive or negative?
4. Quantitative analysis: adjective value 1
Graphic representation of Correspondence Analysis: Tense, adjective value and genre. Indian English. Feel.
-0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2
-0.10
-0.05
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
praetpres
negadj
posadj
essay
letters
novel
press
private
public
4. Quantitative analysis: adjective value 2, Indian English
Chi-square=3.62, df=2, p=0.1637Yates chi-square = 2.55, df=1, p=0.1103Pearson’s chi-square=3.49, df=1,p=0.0617
essay letters press novel private public
negadj 3 2 0 20 53 8
posadj 0 1 1 10 25 10
4. Q. a. : subject type by genre
Graphic representation of Correspondence Analysis of subject type and genre. Indian, Philippines, Singapore, believe, feel
-0.02 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0.00 subjNP
subjpro
subjPropName
essay
letter
novel
press
private
public
4. Q. a.: subject type by genre, chi-square
chi-square = 165.; df=5, p < 0.0001
• chi-square = 232; df = 2; p < 0.0001
public private press essay novel letter
subjNP 84 31 42 21 13 8
subjpro 595 757 68 47 176 99
subjPropName
12 3 3 0 31 3
spoken written
subjNP 115 84
subjpro 1352 390
SubjPropName
15 34
5. Qualitative analysis: What do the Indians, Phillipines, Singaporeans and Hong Kongers(?) think of/about?
• Common themes: people, food, marriage/relationships, career, education, religion, politics.
• Variety specific topics: – (geographical) places: Lantau Island, China, Wei Lun Hall
, Hirakud– food: snake soup, eating dogs– politics: ‘one country two systems’, the fulun gong
convention, this ayodya problem– people: Kris Acquino– Religion: the dussera festival– those bayawaks
6. Results
Quantitative analyses:A correlation between adjective value and tense
> noA correlation between subject type and genre
> yesQualitative analysis:common topics vs. culture specific topics
7. Suggestions for further research
1. More varied statistical tests for corpus data > Dylan Glynn’s seminar in Poznań.
2. Quantitative methods for corpora and psycholinguistic experiments.
3. Qualitative methods for ethnographic interviews.
Bayawak
BAYAWAK from http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Asia/Philippines/Southern_Tagalog/Palawan/
Puerto_Princesa/photo335215.htm
[email protected]@ifa.amu.edu.pl
