Plants!

Stamen - male part - makes the pollen (anther and filament)

Pistil - female part (stigma, style and ovary)

Sepals - holds petals closed until the flower is ready to bloom

Petals - Part that protects the stamen and pistil

Pollination - when the pollen from the male stamen reaches the female pistil

Self-pollinating: plants can pollinate themselvesAsexual Reproduction - exact copy of parent

Cross-pollinating: plants get pollinated from another plant Sexual Reproduction - combination of two parents

Pollination…1) Animals2) Wind

3) Water

Pollination - 80% of pollination occurs with help from animals

Visual Cues - showy petals, nectar guides (darker color in center - bees can see, humans can’t), flower shape and size, color

Scent - usually plants that are not very colorful have a very strong scent (odor) to attract animals

Food - pollinators get food - nectar - from plants (nectar - is sugar water with other nutrients)

Mimicry - some plants mimic animals/insects to attract pollinator - scents, looks (animals/insects think the plant is a mate)

Entrapment - some plants trap pollinators - they may use a combination of the other strategies to draw the animal/insect in

ANIMAL POLLINATORS● ants ● bats ● bees ● beetles ● birds ● butterflies ● moths ● wasps ● black and white ruffed lemurs ● honey possum

Pollination - 80% of pollination occurs with help from animalsSO, 20% is without help from animals… most of this is done by

the wind (98% of the 20%).

● No bright colors, special odors, or nectar● Small● Most have no petals● Stamens and stigmas exposed to air currents● Large amount of pollen● Pollen smooth, light, easily airborne● Stigma feathery to catch pollen from wind● Usually single-seeded fruits, such as oak, grass, birch, poplar, hazel, dock, cat-tail, plantain, and papyrus

Water (2% of the 20% of pollination happens with

water)- pollen floats on the surface of water until it reaches plants - water

pollinated plants are aquatic plants

Seed Dispersal…1) WIND

2) WATER3) ANIMALS

Every fertilized ovule becomes a seed. Dispersal is important, because the young plants must sprout away from the

parent plants. Wind, water and animals are agents of dispersal.

Wind does not need an incentive to carry seeds.

The plant must form its seed in a shape that will let it fly.

(maple / dandelions)

When thistle dries out, the whole things rolls around in the wind, spreading seeds!

Many aquatic plants rely on water. There are also many land plants that rely on water for dispersal of their seeds. Palm trees release coconuts

which can float for days at sea.

Animals carry seeds in many ways. Some seeds stick to fur and feathers

and are carried wherever the animal

travels. They fall (or are scratched) off and

sprout where they land.

Many animals store nuts for the winter. A nut is a hard, wood like seed. The plant makes them difficult to eat. Some of the buried seeds sprout in spring, far from the parent plant.

When a plant creates a fruit, it hides the fertilized ovules (which are now seeds) inside an enticing treat. Why is

this? What type of seed dispersal does this use?