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Planting the seeds for a sustainable future.
Annual Report 2014
About UsRRFB Nova Scotia (Resource Recovery Fund Board Inc.) is a not-for-profit
corporation working in partnership with Nova Scotians to improve the province’s
environment, economy and quality of life by reducing, reusing, recycling and
recovering resources. RRFB Nova Scotia manages a network of independently
owned Enviro-Depots in 80 locations throughout the province, and works
in partnership with Nova Scotia Environment, the 54 municipalities across
the province, industry and academia. Recognized globally as an innovator in
waste diversion solutions and a leader in Nova Scotia’s waste diversion efforts,
RRFB Nova Scotia delivers education and awareness programs, partners with
municipalities and industry to develop and implement stewardship agreements,
provides funding for research and development, and promotes innovation through
the development of value-added manufacturing.
MissionTo work with Nova Scotians to improve our environment, economy and quality
of life by reducing, reusing, recycling and recovering resources.
Mandates• Develop and implement industry stewardship programs
• Support municipal or regional waste diversion programs across
the province
• Operate a deposit-refund system for beverage containers
• Develop education and awareness programs
• Promote the development of value-added manufacturing
Strategy StatementOur work is to make a recognizable economic and environmental
impact for Nova Scotians, innovating for sustainability and investing
in partnerships.
4
Message from the Chief Executive OfficerIt is always a challenge to sum up the events of a whole year in a few paragraphs
when so much has been accomplished, and this year is no different. In our 18th
year of operation we continued to move forward, putting plans into action to secure
the long-term. We implemented difficult but necessary changes – necessary to
ensure we continue to make a meaningful impact on the environment and economy
for Nova Scotians, and necessary to ensure an efficient and sustainable system.
It is important for us to reflect on our achievements and not lose sight of the longer
term. Nova Scotians have developed a culture of recycling and they acknowledge the
importance of the environment in concert with the economy. This has resulted in a
disposal rate that is 47% less than the national average, a solid waste system that
provides world-class services, and jobs in our local communities. I do not doubt that
Nova Scotians, and the environment, will continue to benefit from these efforts.
That said, RRFB Nova Scotia recognizes that in order to move forward, additional
effort is required. This is not easy to accept in tougher economic times when choices
become more difficult and discussions more vested. I am confident in the ability and
commitment of our municipalities, businesses and citizens to take the next step and find
a way to make it work. Each of us has a role to play. Eighteen years ago Nova Scotia
started on the path to make our environment a priority. It is important now to not lose
sight of what we can do – if we choose to.
RRFB Nova Scotia is continually working to improve our programs and increase the
financial support we provide to our partners. We see great value in collaborating with
our stakeholders as we move forward together in our shared goal to increase waste
diversion. Much like the flowers that grace the cover of this report, we have to plant
the seeds now to reap the rewards later.
In the pages that follow you will learn about a sampling of the multitude of initiatives
we have undertaken, and a report on our financial performance for the past year.
Some highlights include:
• Hosted a productive Textiles Recycling Summit that led to the creation of an
industry group dedicated to increasing textiles diversion
• Provided $6.7 million in financial support to Nova Scotia’s 54 municipalities for
their recycling efforts
• Continued the successful compaction trailer pilot project and expanded processing
capacity for increased efficiencies
• Quantified the economic and social benefits of the Beverage Container Deposit-
Refund System to Nova Scotians
• Fostered a growing interest and capacity in solid waste research at our universities
and businesses.
I am always humbled by the willingness of the people I work with to make the extra
effort, and their desire to do the right thing. It is through a true team effort that we
accomplish so much. I want to thank the dedicated members of our Board of Directors
for their insight and guidance over the past year. My thanks to my outstanding team of
employees for their passion, commitment and drive to achieve.
On behalf of RRFB Nova Scotia’s Board and staff, I am honoured to present RRFB
Nova Scotia’s Annual Report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2014.
Jeff MacCallum, CEO
6
2013-2014 AccomplishmentsIn fiscal 2014, programs funded by RRFB Nova Scotia diverted a wide range
of materials from disposal.
Beverage Program
• Containers on which deposits were received: 405 million
(405 million in 2013)
• Redemptions: 326 million containers (321 million in 2013)
• Recovery rate: 80.5% (79.6% in 2013)
Tire Program
• Passenger Tire Equivalents collected: 1.07 million (1.10 million in 2013)
• Passenger Tire Equivalents recovery rate: 77.3% (88.6% in 2013)
Municipal Programs (most recent: 2012-2013)
• 111,081 tonnes of organic waste diverted through municipal composting facilities
• 62,451 tonnes of recyclable material diverted through municipal curbside programs
• 109,947 tonnes of construction and demolition waste diverted from landfills
RRFB Nova Scotia funding at a glance• $6.7 million to Nova Scotia’s 54 municipalities for diversion credits and funding for
local recycling, composting and other programs
• $1.5 million (includes allocation to regions) to educate Nova Scotians and build
ongoing support for environmental action
• Approved $331,702 for new research projects that support entrepreneurs and
encourage innovation in waste reduction
2014 Highlights of Programs and Initiatives
Compaction Trailer Pilot Project Expands
Nova Scotia’s beverage container deposit-refund system has essentially worked
the same since inception in 1996. While costs to collect, process and educate
continue to increase, the deposit fee has remained the same for the past 18 years.
This situation is not unique; the same pressures are being felt across the country.
RRFB Nova Scotia looked at the deposit-refund system as a whole and
determined a need to implement new technologies and processes to realize
cost savings and position us for future growth and sustainability.
In July 2012, RRFB Nova Scotia introduced a new compaction trailer for beverage
container collection, and began a two-year pilot project to test the technology
and address any challenges. The trailer is the first of its kind that combines a
compaction auger on a 53-foot tractor trailer, which allows RRFB Nova Scotia
to compact recyclable beverage containers at Enviro-Depots and then transport
direct to the end-market processor.
The overall objective of the compaction trailer is to reduce costs and improve
productivity. Specifically:
• Deliver PET direct to market, reducing handling
• Centralize and streamline the system to save time and costs
• Simplify ENVIRO-DEPOTTM handling
• Greatly reduce greenhouse gas impact.
Compaction trailer takes its first load to market, July 2012.
8
Infographic demonstrating the benefits of Nova Scotia’s beverage container deposit-refund system.
The pilot is running in Halifax Regional Municipality at 18 high-volume Enviro-
Depots and is set to wrap-up at the end of August 2014. The compaction
trailer has successfully tested PET and aluminum, it loads approximately four
bags per minute, and takes about 15-30 minutes to load at a depot. Under the
old system, trailers fit approximately 78 bulk containers, while the compaction
trailer fits approximately 500 bulk containers. The pilot has been well received
by participating depots and the end market.
RRFB Nova Scotia has purchased three new compaction trailers for delivery
in June 2014, and in September 2014 will begin collection at the majority
of Enviro-Depots along main highway routes throughout the province.
The Benefits of Nova Scotia’s Beverage Container Deposit-Refund System
RRFB Nova Scotia’s 2013-2014 strategic plan identified the need to investigate
the economic impact of the beverage container system. The environmental
benefits of the system, including reduced litter and high recycling rates, are
well known; however, the economic impacts had never been quantified.
In the summer of 2013, RRFB Nova Scotia hired Gardner Pinfold to conduct an
economic impact analysis of Nova Scotia’s beverage container deposit-refund
system. The purpose of the study was to determine the direct and indirect
economic impacts of the system, as well as investigate the social impacts of the
program by determining the importance of the program to charities, community
organizations and people who rely on the program for supplemental income.
The economic impact report, released in October 2013, demonstrates that the
deposit-refund system generates:
• Approximately 600 jobs, many in rural Nova Scotia
• $20.1 million in salaries and wages
• $28.8 million impact on Nova Scotia’s GDP
• $1.2 million in tax revenue on income earned.
The report also found that the deposit-refund system provides essential income
to disadvantaged persons and plays a significant role in the fundraising efforts
of charitable groups and organizations across the province.
• All participating Enviro-Depots reported that many Nova Scotians use the deposit-
refund system to supplement their income.
• 85% of the Enviro-Depots indicated that they allow customers to direct their
refunds to charities – 60% of those charities are community service and youth
organizations, and 80% of the organizations coordinating bottle drives support
youth-based groups and school initiatives.
• Charitable organizations indicated that on average they gain $1,400 per year
through the deposit-refund system.
The full economic impact analysis is available on RRFB Nova Scotia’s website at
www.putwasteinitsplace.ca.
RECYCLING MAKES CENTS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT, THE ECONOMY, AND NOVA SCOTIANS
Big Returns
RECYCLING CREATES
IN NOVA SCOTIA600FULL
TIMEJOBS
1996NOVA SCOTIA INTRODUCED THE DEPOSIT-REFUND SYSTEM TO RECYCLE BEVERAGE CONTAINERS
NOVA SCOTIA IS IN THE
TOP THREE JURISDICTIONS IN CANADA FOR BEVERAGE CONTAINER RETURN RATE
PLASTIC ALUMINUMSTEELGLASSGABLE TOP
85% MAKING FOR CHARITY
¢ents OF ENVIRO-DEPOTS LET PEOPLE DIRECT REFUNDS TO CHARITY
DRAMATIC DECREASE IN BEVERAGE CONTAINER LITTER
1ST BEDFORD SCOUT GROUP RAISED $30,000 TO SEND 25 YOUTH AND 8 LEADERS TO THE NATIONAL SCOUTING JAMBOREE
1 MILLION BEVERAGE CONTAINERS RECYCLED FOR EDUCATION HAITI
A LITTLE CENTS = BIG CHANGETETRA PAK
LANDFILL BANNEDFROM
THAT AMOUNTS TO $20.1 MILLIONIN SALARIES & WAGES
THE RETURN RATE IS ALMOST DOUBLE IN PROVINCES WITH A DEPOSIT-REFUND
COMPARED TO THOSE WITH A CURBSIDE PROGRAM
80INDEPENDENTLY OWNED & OPERATED ENVIRO-DEPOTSACROSS THE PROVINCEOV
ER
many in rural areas
12 3 NS
1989 2008
100%
50%
0%
80%NOVA SCOTIA’S AVERAGE RETURN RATE
2013321 MILLIONBEVERAGE CONTAINERS RECYCLED
THIS YEAR ALONE
4 BILLIONTHCONTAINER
EVERAND NOVA SCOTIA RECYCLED ITS
ONLY6.5%
OVER70%
ON ENVIRO-DEPOT™ ACTIVITIES
$1.22GOES BACK INTOTHE ECONOMY
FOR EACH$1 SPENT
NOVA SCOTIA’S DEPOSIT-REFUND SYSTEM STACKS UP
10
Recognizing Nova Scotians who take Environmental Action
Mobius Awards of Environmental Excellence
At the 15th annual Mobius Awards of Environmental Excellence, RRFB Nova
Scotia recognized 12 individuals, businesses, organizations and schools who
innovate and go above and beyond to divert waste and help make our province
a leader in waste reduction.
Congratulations, and thank you, to the 2013 Mobius Award recipients:
Small Business of the Year: Gabrieau’s Bistro, Antigonish
Large Business of the Year: Lafarge Brookfield Cement Plant
Waste Reduction Education Program: Pictou County Quick Service Restaurants
Institution of the Year: Halifax Stanfield International Airport
Innovation in Waste Reduction:
LP Consulting and Halifax C&D Recycling Limited, Newport/Halifax
Individual Excellence in Waste Reduction: Tracy Frazier, Bridgetown
School of the Year: East Richmond Education Centre, St. Peter’s
ENVIRO-DEPOT™ of the Year: King Street Recycling Depot, Shelburne
Best Community-Based Project: Scotsburn Pork Chop BBQ
Region of the Year: Waste Check, Digby and Yarmouth counties
Honourable Mentions:
Institution of the Year: The Berkeley Retirement Residences, Halifax
Innovation in Waste Reduction: Johnston’s Trucking and Depackaging, Truro
Nova Scotia Recycles Contest
Each year, RRFB Nova Scotia partners with the seven solid waste management
regions to hold the Nova Scotia Recycles Contest for students in grades Primary
to 12 throughout the province. Students participated in colouring and design
contests, a video challenge and an essay competition for a chance to win more
than $55,000 in cash, prizes and scholarships. This year we received over
6,700 entries from 201 schools. Visit www.putwasteinitsplace.ca for contest
details and the full list of 2013-2014 winners.
$5,000 Scholarship Essay provincial winner: Elizabeth Schofield, Hants East Rural High You Are What You Wear: Increasing Textile Recycling in Nova Scotia
Grades 4-6 Whiteboard Design provincial winner (top left): Sara Owen, Carleton Consolidated School
Grades 2-3 Sticker Design provincial winner (top right): Hannah Allen, Bayview Community School
Nova Scotia
Recycles
Contest!The Nova Scotia Recycles Contest celebrates youth who help make our
province a recognized leader in waste reduction. PutWasteInItsPlace.ca
Artwork by Sara Owen, Carleton Consolidated, Yarmouth, Whiteboard Design
2013-2014 Provincial Winner
Nova Scotia
Recycles
Contest!The Nova Scotia Recycles Contest celebrates youth who help make our
province a recognized leader in waste reduction. PutWasteInItsPlace.ca
Artwork by Hannah Allen, Bayview Community School, Mahone Bay, Sticker Design
2013-2014 Provincial Winner
Region 1 Cape Breton winners.
12
ENVIRO-DEPOT™ Contest
Every fall, RRFB Nova Scotia thanks residents who return beverage containers
for refund through the ENVIRO-DEPOT™ Contest. When customers visit an
ENVIRO-DEPOT™ during the contest period, they can enter to win great prizes.
In 2013 we received over 7,800 ballots across Nova Scotia. Carnita Wells from
West Gore completed a ballot at Meehan’s Recycling and was selected as the
provincial winner. She won a weekend getaway for four to Digby Pines Golf
Resort and Spa, a prize valued at $1,200. RRFB Nova Scotia also awarded iPad
minis to one recycler in each of the seven solid waste management regions, and
each ENVIRO-DEPOT™ gave away a cooler bag full of promotional items.
Investing in Innovation and Efficiencies
Student Research Grants
RRFB Nova Scotia provides Student Research Grants to fund projects related
to solid waste diversion. By leveraging the knowledge and capacity of our
university students, the program supports projects that will benefit businesses
and municipalities. The grants support research that develops new products,
technologies and market opportunities. In 2013-2014, RRFB Nova Scotia
approved $88,562 in funding for seven student research projects.
Analysis of Aspergillus Oryzae Plastic Biodegradation Savanah Hatheway, Dalhousie University, School for Resource and Environmental Studies
Exploring the Feasibility and Desirability of In-House Diversion Programs for Disposable Hot Beverage Cups at the Store Level in Halifax Regional Municipality Jie Ma, Dalhousie University, School for Resource and Environmental Studies
Recovery of Agricultural Waste Plastics in Nova Scotia Isaac Muise, Dalhousie University, School for Resource and Environmental Studies
Waste Resource Use in Residential Construction Davin St. Pierre, Dalhousie University, School for Resource and Environmental Studies
Microbial Decontamination of Urea Formaldehyde Bonded Medium Density Fibreboard Roudi Bachar, Saint Mary’s University, Biology
The Need for and Feasibility of a CFL Bulb Recycling Program in Nova Scotia Madeleine Crowell, Dalhousie University, School for Resource and Environmental Studies
Determining the Most Effective Method of Measuring Compost Maturity Matt McCumber, Acadia University, Applied Science
Make some noise, Nova Scotia!
We’ve just recycled 4 billion beverage containers. Since 1996, we’ve been working together to keep pop cans, water bottles and juice boxes off our roadways and out of our landfills. So break out the noise makers because we’ve got 4 billion reasons to celebrate. Let’s keep the momentum going, Nova Scotia. Visit your local ENVIRO-DEPOT™ for a refund. For more ways to sort waste properly, visit www.PutWasteInItsPlace.ca
Ad thanking Nova Scotians for recycling beverage containers.
14
Provincial Construction and Demolition Permitting and Waste Study
Approximately one-third of the waste in Nova Scotia’s landfills comes from
construction and demolition (C&D) projects. Although Nova Scotia Environment
has established guidelines for C&D sites, construction and demolition project
approval requirements vary among municipalities. Some municipalities require
contractors to track C&D debris, while other municipalities do not. Although
most C&D debris is managed at approved recycling and/or disposal facilities,
some C&D material is illegally dumped. In 2012-2013, RRFB Nova Scotia
funded a MAP Innovation project to study existing permitting and waste
tracking processes both in Nova Scotia and in jurisdictions outside the province.
The objective of the study was to recommend best practices that can most
effectively and efficiently track C&D debris generated from construction,
renovation and demolition projects to ensure proper disposal. The report is
available at www.putwasteinitsplace.ca.
Research and Development Funding
RRFB Nova Scotia offers Research and Development Funding for commercial
projects and research initiatives that show promising innovation in waste
diversion. These projects support the goals of Nova Scotia’s Solid Waste
Resource Management Strategy by diverting problematic waste stream materials,
while creating potential market opportunities. In 2013-2014, RRFB Nova Scotia
approved $90,740 in support of three R&D projects.
Seafood Waste to By-Products Assessment Louisbourg Seafoods
Enhancing the Use of Municipal Composts in Organic Agriculture Compost Council of Canada
Creating Value-Added Products from Diverted Waste Polystyrene Dr. Su-Ling Brooks, Dalhousie University
Exploring the Feasibility and Desirability of In-House Diversion Programs for
Disposable Hot Beverage Cups at the Store Level in Halifax Regional Municipality
Jie Ma
Disposable hot cups are associated with various environmental problems,
including increased pressure on landfills caused by disposal. The objective
of the study was to support decision making for improved waste diversion
opportunities for disposable hot cups in Halifax Regional Municipality by
developing a better understanding of the drivers and barriers to implementing
in-house diversion programs.
Waste Resource Use in Residential Construction
Davin St. Pierre
Through consultation sessions with regional industry, regulatory and government
stakeholders, the report aimed to explore the barriers that exist with the
development of a recycled and reused building-material market in Halifax
Regional Municipality. The report also examined how issues behind modern
material and energy consumption trends in the life cycle of residential homes
can be resolved by reusing and recycling waste materials. It is hoped that
the municipality and province can use the policy, regulation and program
recommendations in this report as potential options to address these issues.
MAP Innovation
MAP Innovation (Municipal Approved Programs) supports the efforts of
municipalities to research and develop new processes, methods, markets
and equipment to increase solid waste reduction and diversion in Nova Scotia.
In 2013-2014, RRFB Nova Scotia approved $144,000 in funding for two MAP
Innovation projects.
Curbside Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Recycling Program Valley Waste Resource Management
Integrated Organic Waste Management Strategy – Industrial Vermicomposting Municipality of Chester
16
Creating Value-Added Products from Diverted Waste Polystyrene
Dr. Su-Ling Brooks
Polystyrene waste is currently identified as one of the most problematic waste
material destined for the landfill, as it is considered non-biodegradable in the
environment and resistant to UV degradation. Expanded polystyrene (e.g.
StyrofoamTM) is particularly problematic due to its ubiquity as a packaging
material, its large volume and low density making collection and transportation
for further processing an economic challenge. During the course of the project
the team examined options for reducing polystyrene, particularly expanded
polystyrene, in Nova Scotia’s landfills, as well as seeking to find an innovative
solution that is technologically and economically feasible for the region. The
team explored possible end uses for waste polystyrene, including converting
the polystyrene to bulk fillers and aggregates for sidewalk concrete applications.
ENVIRO-DEPOT™ Infrastructure Funding
Through the ENVIRO-DEPOTTM Infrastructure Funding program, RRFB Nova Scotia
provides interest-free loans to owners to make improvements to operations
and facilities that are used for RRFB Nova Scotia programs and activities.
In 2013-2014, RRFB Nova Scotia approved $91,919 in loans to support
four ENVIRO-DEPOTTM Infrastructure projects.
• Paper Chase Bottle Exchange, Yarmouth
• Karen’s Recycling Limited, Dartmouth
• Durant’s Recycling, Parrsboro
• Triple B Recycling Depot, Sydney
Exploring Opportunities for Waste Diversion
RRFB Nova Scotia hosts summits on an annual basis that bring together specific
stakeholders to discuss diversion opportunities related to a particular waste
category. During the 2013-2014 year, summits focused on household textiles
and construction and demolition waste.
Household Textiles Recycling Summit
In May 2013, RRFB Nova Scotia and Nova Scotia Environment hosted a
Textiles Recycling Summit with private recyclers, entrepreneurs, municipal
solid waste staff and charitable organizations that collect textiles to discuss the
opportunities and challenges related to textile diversion. The half day session
highlighted existing textiles collection initiatives, municipal experiences with
diverting textiles, reuse practices and small business success stories. During
the summit, it was noted that although 7,000 tonnes of household textiles are
diverted from landfill every year, another 30,000 tonnes are sent to Nova Scotia
landfills for disposal.
Following the summit, a working group
made up of charitable organizations and
private recyclers formed to tackle some of
the issues identified during the summit. In
particular, a focus was placed on developing
a standardized message to educate the
public on what types of household textiles
can be reused and recycled.
After months of working together, the Association for Textiles Recycling (AFTeR)
was created, and with the support of Nova Scotia Environment, they launched
their own website (afterwear.ca). The site provides extensive information on the
types of household textiles accepted, as well as an interactive map providing the
locations of textiles drop-off bins throughout the province.
Weaving Give A Darn Yarn.
18
Construction & Demolition Waste Summit
In March 2014, RRFB Nova Scotia and Nova Scotia Environment hosted a
Construction & Demolition (C&D) Summit, bringing together almost 70
stakeholders from both municipal and private C&D facilities, as well as
government officials, processors, waste haulers, contractors and representatives
from several industry associations. Presentations provided information about
the impacts of potential changes to the regulations related to C&D (i.e. bans),
provided updates on existing markets that divert C&D materials, and highlighted
best practices related to handling and tracking C&D waste.
Progress through Education & Community Awareness
RRFB Nova Scotia partners with Nova Scotia Environment and the seven solid
waste management regions to develop and implement programs and funding
opportunities to help reach the provincial disposal goal of 300 kg per person
per year by 2015.
Regional Focus Campaigns
Each spring and fall, RRFB Nova Scotia works with the seven solid waste
management regions to host public events and initiatives to encourage waste
reduction and raise awareness around reducing, reusing, recycling and
composting. RRFB Nova Scotia coordinates province-wide advertising around
these initiatives and provides prizes and funding to each region to promote and
celebrate their specific event. During Compost Awareness Week 2013, regional
waste educators attended farmers’ markets across the province to promote
composting through the “Turn Peels into Petals” campaign. During Waste
Reduction Week 2013, the regions hosted nine paper shredding events across
the province to promote paper recycling through the “Shred Instead” campaign.
There’s a better way to get rid of your
confidential documents.
Got sensitive documents you’d rather not recycle curbside? Just bringthem to our community shredding event during Waste Reduction Week.We’ll shred them for FREE on the spot and recycle them responsibly.
• Open to residents and businesses• 10 file boxes or five large bags of paper per person or business• No plastic sleeves or binders
For a complete list of shredding events, visit PutWasteInItsPlace.ca
SHRED INSTEAD EVENTSFriday, October 18 and
Saturday, October 19 at 11 am - 2 pm
Antigonish Mall Parking Lot
133 Church Street, Antigonish
Celebrate Compost Awareness WeekJoin the Eastern Region Solid Waste Management Committee at the Antigonish Farmers’ Market on May 4th. We’re giving away seeds and compost bags, and drawing for a kitchen compost bin! 30% of waste in Nova Scotia is organics that could have been composted. Let’s feed the soil and turn peels into petals. For more information, call 902-232-2563. PutWasteInItsPlace.ca
Turn peels into petals.
“Turn Peels into Petals” ad to raise awareness of composting.
“Shred Instead” ad to promote confidential paper recycling.
20
Escape from Alcatrash Sorting Game
In 2013-2014, RRFB Nova Scotia created
and produced a fun and educational waste
sorting game for regional waste educators to
use in a group setting. Escape from Alcatrash
features Peels McGee and his compostable/
recyclable pals who have been improperly
thrown into the garbage. They are counting
on game participants to help them escape!
The game includes a script, 35 magnetic
“mug shot” cards of everyday waste items,
and a game board.
Community Sponsorship Funding
In an effort to move Nova Scotia closer to our 300 kg waste disposal goal,
RRFB Nova Scotia offers financial assistance to non-profit organizations
to support community events, initiatives, and projects that focus on waste
reduction. In 2013-2014, RRFB Nova Scotia provided $21,210 in funding that
benefited 58 different organizations across Nova Scotia.
Cape Breton Regional Library received $300 to support their Trash to Treasures Contest.
Julianna Lawrence was the runner-up for Artistic Piece (ages 10-13) for her Bottle Farm.
Financial Statements
Independent Auditor’s ReportTo the Board of Directors of the Resource Recovery Fund Board Inc.
and Resource Recovery Fund
We have audited the accompanying combined financial statements of the
Resource Recovery Fund Board Inc. and Resource Recovery Fund, which
comprise the combined statement of financial position as at March 31, 2014; the
combined statements of operations, changes in net resources, changes in net
financial resources and cash flows for the year then ended; and a summary of
significant accounting policies and other explanatory information.
Management’s Responsibility for the Combined Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these
combined financial statements in accordance with public sector accounting
principles, and for such internal control as management determines is necessary
to enable the preparation of combined financial statements that are free from
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditor’s Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these combined financial
statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with
generally accepted Canadian auditing standards. Those standards require that
we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the combined financial statements are free
from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the
amounts and disclosures in the combined financial statements.
The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including
the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the combined
financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making
those risk assessments, the auditor considers
A waste sorting game from RRFB Nova ScotiaOh no! Peels McGee and his pals have been tossed into Alcatrash. The garbage can is no place for compost and recyclables. Help them escape by putting waste in its place.
Alcatrash sorting game.
22
internal control relevant to the Organizations’ preparation and fair presentation
of the combined financial statements in order to design audit procedures that
are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing
an opinion on the effectiveness of the Organizations’ internal control. An audit
also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and
the reasonableness of accounting estimates made by management, as well as
evaluating the overall presentation of the combined financial statements.
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate
to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the combined financial statements present fairly, in all material
respects, the combined financial position of the Resource Recovery Fund Board
Inc. and Resource Recovery Fund as at March 31, 2014, and the combined
results of operations, changes in net resources, changes in net financial
resources and cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with
Public Sector Accounting Principles.
Chartered Accountants
Truro, Canada
May 29, 2014
See accompanying notes to the combined financial statements
Combined Statement of Operations Year ended March 31, 2014
Budget
2014 2014 2013
Revenues
Deposits $ 40,149,000 $ 39,846,441 $ 39,146,653
Sales of recyclable materials (Note 10) 5,120,000 4,629,288 4,865,838
Tire program 3,301,500 3,770,901 3,855,503
Stewardship 75,000 587 363,412
Rental income 182,000 182,000 182,000
Investment and other income 958,600 827,239 1,022,801
Total revenues 49,786,100 49,256,456 49,436,207
Expenses
Operating 39,013,300 38,083,626 37,558,904
Administrative 2,218,100 1,816,796 1,966,827
Other expenditures and allocations
Approved program grants 1,500,000 1,077,388 1,182,235
Education and awareness 1,813,000 1,487,849 1,558,762
Regional committees 335,000 326,400 325,799
Household hazardous waste program 112,000 112,000 112,000
Municipal enforcement program funding 700,000 684,590 673,317
Research, development and special projects 400,000 157,178 285,474
Waste audit development 100,000 - 74,137
46,191,400 43,745,827 43,737,455
Excess of revenues over expenses
before allocations 3,594,700 5,510,629 5,698,752
Municipal solid waste diversion credits 2,516,290 3,857,440 4,357,758
Nova Scotia Environment 718,940 1,102,126 1,307,327
Excess of revenues over expenditures $ 359,470 $ 551,063 $ 33,667
24 See accompanying notes to the combined financial statements
Combined Statement of Changes in Net Resources Year ended March 31, 2014
Resource Recovery Fund 2014 2013
Invested in Capital Assets
Restricted for Future Projects Unrestricted Total Total
Balance, beginning of year $ 3,286,991 $ 2,371,594 $ 304,764 $ 5,963,349 $ 5,929,682
Excess of revenue over expenses (321,638) – 872,701 551,063 33,667
Transfers 2,303,175 (2,089,528) (213,647) – –
Balance, end of year $ 5,268,528 $ 282,066 $ 963,818 $ 6,514,412 $ 5,963,349
Unrestricted net resources represented by:
Committed funds (Note 7) $ 290,396
Uncommitted funds 673,422
$ 963,818
26 See accompanying notes to the combined financial statements
Combined Statement of Financial Position March 31
2014 2013
Financial assets
Cash and cash equivalents $ 7,331,774 $ 1,600,589
Receivables 4,090,199 4,527,805
Accrued receivables 907,860 1,121,149
Notes receivable (Note 3) 212,054 148,917
Investments (Note 4) 11,757,951 18,008,107
Inventory 193,069 175,883
24,492,907 25,582,450
Financial liabilities
Bank indebtedness (Note 6) 8 500,626
Payables and accruals 5,129,870 3,987,371
Municipal solid waste diversion credits payable 3,857,440 4,357,759
Unearned revenue 14,359,300 14,167,348
23,346,618 23,013,104
Net financial resources 1,146,289 2,569,346
Non-financial assets
Prepaids 99,595 107,012
Tangible capital assets (Note 5) 5,268,528 3,286,991
5,368,123 3,394,003
Net resources (Note 9) $ 6,514,412 $ 5,963,349
Commitment (Note 7)
On Behalf of the Board
Director Director
Combined Statement of Changes in Net Financial ResourcesMarch 31
2014 2013
Excess of revenue over expenditures $ 551,063 $ 33,667
Acquisition of tangible capital assets, net (2,303,175) (1,499,520)
Amortization of tangible capital assets 321,638 304,561
(1,981,537) (1,194,959)
Acquisition (Use) of prepaids 7,417 (15,569)
Decrease in net financial resources $ (1,423,057) $ (1,176,861)
Net financial resources, beginning of year $ 2,569,346 $ 3,746,207
Decrease in financial resources (1,423,057) (1,176,861)
Net financial resources, end of year $ 1,146,289 $ 2,569,346
28
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements March 31, 2014
1. Nature of Operations
The Resource Recovery Fund Board Inc. is a not-for-profit organization established
by the Nova Scotia government to develop and administer industry stewardship
programs that increase waste diversion, enable the establishment of new industries
based on the processing of materials diverted from the waste stream, and provide
incentives to the people of Nova Scotia to reduce, reuse, recycle and compost.
Under regulation, all revenues earned are deposited to the Resource Recovery
Fund, which is the property of the Province of Nova Scotia. All expenditures
incurred by the Resource Recovery Fund Board Inc. to operate, administer and
fulfill the mandates of the Province of Nova Scotia Solid Waste Management
Strategy are expenditures of the Resource Recovery Fund. Accordingly, all assets,
liabilities and net resources reported in these financial statements are the property
of the Resource Recovery Fund and are held on behalf of the Province of Nova
Scotia by the Resource Recovery Fund Board Inc.
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The combined financial statements include the accounts of the Resource Recovery
Fund Board Inc. and the Resource Recovery Fund. Significant inter-entity loans and
transactions have been eliminated in these combined financial statements. These
combined financial statements are the representations of management prepared
in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for provincial
governments as established by the Public Sector Accounting Board (PSAB)
of the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with Canadian generally
accepted accounting principles requires the Organization’s management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of assets and liabilities
and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial
statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenditures
during the year.
See accompanying notes to the combined financial statements
Combined Statement of Cash Flows Year ended March 31
2014 2013
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents:
Operating
Excess of revenues over expenditures $ 551,063 $ 33,667
Amortization 321,638 304,561
Gain on sale of tangible capital assets - (17,508)
872,701 320,720
Change in non-cash operating working capital
Receivables 650,895 (312,091)
Inventory (17,186) (24,176)
Prepaids 7,417 (15,569)
Payables and accruals 642,180 (511,944)
Unearned revenue 191,952 (394,722)
2,347,959 (937,782)
Financing
(Repayment) Proceeds from bank borrowings (500,618) 500,626
Capital
Proceeds from sale of tangible capital assets - 52,241
Purchase of tangible capital assets (2,303,175) (1,534,255)
(2,303,175) (1,482,014)
Investing
Proceeds from sale of investments 7,250,156 5,201,867
Purchase of investments (1,000,000) (5,711,029)
Issue of notes receivable (91,308) (75,000)
Repayment of notes receivable 28,171 14,915
6,187,019 (569,247)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents 5,731,185 (2,488,417)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year 1,600,589 4,089,006
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year $ 7,331,774 $ 1,600,589
30
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements March 31, 2014
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Certain of these estimates require subjective or complex judgements by
management that may be uncertain. Some of these items include allowance for
doubtful accounts, amortization and unearned revenue. Actual results could differ
from those reported.
Revenue Recognition
Resource Recovery Fund follows the deferral method of accounting for revenue.
Revenue is recognized in the month it is receivable (or received) if the amount
can be reasonably estimated and collection is reasonably assured. Interest income
is recognized as it is earned.
Tangible Capital Assets
Tangible capital assets are recorded at cost. Rates and bases of amortization
applied to write off the cost of tangible capital assets over their estimated lives
are as follows:
Building 5%, straight line
Field equipment 20%, straight line
Processing equipment 12.5%, 33 1/3%, straight line
Leasehold improvements 14.2%, straight line
Office and warehouse equipment 20%, straight line
Computer hardware and software 20%, 33 1/3%, straight line
Containers
- Bags 33 1/3%, straight line
- Tubs 10%, straight line
Vehicles 33 1/3%, straight line
Trailers 14.3%, straight line
When conditions indicate that a tangible capital asset no longer contributes to the
Resource Recovery Fund’s ability to provide goods and services, or that the value
of future economic benefits associated with the tangible capital asset is less than
its net book value, the cost of the tangible capital asset is reduced to reflect the
decline in the asset’s value. Write-downs are not reversed.
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements March 31, 2014
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Inventory
Inventory is valued at the lower of cost and net realizable value.
Forgivable Loans
The Resource Recovery Fund accounts for forgivable loans as conditional grants.
The forgivable loans are non-interest bearing and are advanced with repayment
not to be expected unless certain conditions are not met.
Unearned Revenue and Measurement Uncertainty
Unearned revenue represents deposits received for beverage containers that
have not been returned for redemption and fees received for tires which will be
returned for disposal at a future date. Unearned beverage revenue is sixty (60)
days worth of revenue calculated on the last twelve (12) months’ average daily
revenue adjusted by the current year’s return rate. Unearned tire revenue is
calculated on the last three (3) years of tire revenue adjusted by the past six (6)
years’ average return rate. The actual revenue the Fund may collect compared to
the unearned revenue calculation is uncertain as the calculation is affected by the
above management assumptions. However, in the past, the unearned revenue has
remained consistent even with updated inputs for the calculation for each fiscal
year. As a result, it is expected that the range of uncertainty for the unearned
revenue is not significant.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, balances with banks and short-
term investments with maturity dates of 90 days or less. Bank borrowings are
considered to be financing activities.
Foreign Currency Translation
The Fund does not enter into foreign currency futures and forward
contracts to reduce its exposure to foreign currency fluctuations.
Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies
are translated at the period-end exchange rate.
32
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements March 31, 2014
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)
Revenue and expenditures denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the
exchange rate prevailing at the time of the transaction. Translation gains or losses
are recognized in the period in which they occur.
Financial Instruments
The Resource Recovery Fund classifies its financial instruments at amortized cost.
This category includes cash and cash equivalents, receivables, notes receivable,
investments, payables and accruals, bank indebtedness, unearned revenue and
municipal solid waste diversion credits payable. They are initially recognized at
cost and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest rate
method, less any impairment losses on financial assets.
Management assesses each financial instrument to determine whether there are
any impairment losses. If so, they are reported in the statement of operations.
Transaction costs related to financial instruments in the amortized cost category
are added to the carrying value of the instrument.
There are no unrealized gains or losses, therefore the statement of remeasurement
gains and losses has not been presented.
Income Taxes
The Organization is exempt from income taxes under Section 149(I)(d) of the
Canadian Income Tax Act.
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements March 31, 2014
3. Notes Receivable 2014 2013
Non-interest bearing notes with variable payments,
maturing between 2014 and 2028. $ 212,054 $ 148,917
4. InvestmentsInvestments consist of loans receivable from the Province of Nova Scotia – Department of
Finance. These loans are issued at interest rates ranging from 1.1% to 2.61% and mature
as follows:
2015 2016 2017 Total
$ 6,088,526 $ 1,546,922 $ 4,122,503 $ 11,757,951
5. Tangible Capital Assets 2014 2013
Accumulated Net Book Net Book
Cost Amortization Value Value
Land $ 294,100 $ - $ 294,100 $ 282,000
Field equipment 430,983 416,523 14,460 24,662
Processing equipment 515,789 129,589 386,200 275,596
Building 2,958,339 587,424 2,370,915 1,609,554
Office and
warehouse equipment 191,210 175,850 15,360 23,407
Containers 1,422,347 1,311,860 110,487 181,779
Leasehold improvements 24,552 20,595 3,957 11,538
Computer hardware
and software 1,262,159 709,307 552,852 515,988
Vehicles 51,939 37,142 14,797 32,110
Trailers 1,597,900 92,500 1,505,400 330,357
$ 8,749,318 $ 3,480,790 $ 5,268,528 $ 3,286,991
6. Bank Indebtedness
The Resource Recovery Fund has an operating credit facility of $2,000,000 of which $8
is used at March 31, 2014. Interest is calculated at prime plus 0.5%.
34
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements March 31, 2014
10. Financial Instruments Risk Management (continued)
There have been no significant changes from the previous year in exposure to
risk or policies, procedures and methods used to measure the risk.
Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the organization will encounter difficulty in meeting
the obligations associated with its financial liabilities. The organization is exposed
to this risk mainly in respect of its bank indebtedness, payables and accruals and
municipal solid waste diversion credits payable. At balance date, the organization
has available financial assets to meet these obligations and there was no significant
change in exposure from the prior year.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument
will fluctuate as a result of market factors. Market risk comprises three types of risk:
currency risk, interest-rate risk and other price risk. The organization is mainly exposed
to currency and price risk related to its sales of recyclable materials.
The currency risk is predominantely US funds. The average US exchange rate
was $1.053 for the 12-month period. As at March 31, 2014 the receivables
denominated in US currency were approximately $486,000 (2013 – $300,000).
The price risk is related to fluctuations in commodities. During the year commodity
prices for PET and aluminium fluctuated by approximately 7%. This fluctuation
could result in an increase or decrease of sales by approximately $342,000.
The Resource Recovery Fund participates in a national buying group on certain
of its commodity sales to minimize the risk.
There have been no significant changes from the previous year in the exposure to
risk or policies, procedures and methods used to measure the risk.
11. Comparative Figures
Certain of the comparative figures have been reclassified to conform with the
financial statement presentation adopted for the current year.
Notes to the Combined Financial Statements March 31, 2014
7. Commitment
The Resource Recovery Fund has entered into agreements with specific
organizations and businesses to provide funding for various recycling programs
across Nova Scotia. At March 31, 2014, $290,396 (2013 - $247,129) of
the restricted for approved programs resources has been committed under these
agreements.
8. Related Party Transaction
The Fund reimburses the Nova Scotia Environment for services and expenses
incurred on the Fund’s behalf. During the year, costs of $1,102,126 (2013 -
$1,307,327) were incurred, of which $1,102,126 (2013 - $1,307,327) is
included in payables and accruals.
9. Restrictions on Net Resources
Net resources under the Resource Recovery Fund restricted for future projects,
represents the amount internally restricted for funding various future projects
as approved and in accordance with the goals and objectives of the Resource
Recovery Fund.
10. Financial Instruments Risk Management
Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Resource Recovery Fund if a debtor
fails to make payments when due. The Fund is exposed to this risk relating to its
receivables and notes receivable.
Credit risk is mitigated by management’s review of aging and collection of
receivables, only 2.2% of receivables are over 60 days. The Fund recognizes
a specific allowance for doubtful accounts when management considers the
expected amounts to be recovered are lower than the actual receivable.
The Resource Recovery Fund is exposed to investment credit risk through its
investments. The maximum exposure to investment credit risk is outlined in Note 4.
36
RRFB Nova Scotia Revenue
Deposits: 81%
Rental, investment and other income: 2%
Tire program: 8%
Sales of recyclable materials: 9%
Program Expenditures Detail
Municipal solid waste diversion credits: $6,686,613
Nova Scotia Environment: $1,102,126
Total Operational & Program Expenditures
Operation costs: $38,083,626
RRFB Nova Scotia admin and mandates: $2,833,028
Program expenditures: $7,788,739
38
Rick Ramsay, Chair
Rick Ramsay is President of Richard G. Ramsay Management
Consultants Inc., a company specializing in financial, human resources,
governance and organizational restructuring, and policy support for
municipalities and non-governmental organizations in the Maritime
provinces. Prior to the formation of his company, Rick served as Chief
Administrative Officer for the Municipality of the County of Kings for
20 years. He was formerly Vice President of the Nova Scotia Chamber
of Commerce and President of the East Hants and Districts Chamber
of Commerce. He also serves his community as Treasurer of the
East Hants Family Resource Centre. Rick is a past President of the
Association of Municipal Administrators of Nova Scotia, and the Rotary
Club of Kentville. He holds a Masters of Public Administration (1998)
from the University of Western Ontario.
Ray Côté
Ray Côté is Professor Emeritus in Resource and Environmental
Studies at Dalhousie University. He is also on the Board of Directors
of Efficiency Nova Scotia Corporation and a member of the Advisory
Board of the Dalhousie Research Program in Energy, Advanced
Materials and Sustainability. In 2012 he was named one of Canada’s
2012 Clean 50, recognizing his efforts to promote sustainability and
clean capitalism over a 40 year career. He has been a columnist on
business and the environment for the Burnside News for the past 20
years. Prior to his retirement in 2008 from full-time teaching and
research, Ray was Professor of Environmental Studies, Director of the
Eco-Efficiency Centre and held the R.A. Jodrey Chair in Management.
Richard Dauphinee
Richard Dauphinee is Warden of the Municipality of the District of
West Hants. He was first elected as a councillor in 1987, and during
that term served as Deputy Warden. Richard has been a member of
the Region 6 Solid Waste Management Committee since its inception,
and is currently Chair of the Regional Chairs Committee. In his capacity
as a member of the RRFB Nova Scotia Board, Richard serves on the
Audit Committee.
Claire Detheridge
Claire Detheridge is a municipal councillor with the Cape Breton
Regional Municipality. First elected in 1982, she has served two terms
as Deputy Mayor. Claire has served numerous intermittent years as
Chair of the Public Services Committee and is passionate about the
role municipalities have in making Nova Scotia a great place to live
and work. Claire is a sitting member of the Union of Nova Scotia
Municipalities (UNSM) and is also chair of the Regional Caucus.
Claire was elected to be its representative on the Regional Chairs
Committee and on RRFB Nova Scotia’s Board in 2010.
Marcus Goodick
Marcus Goodick is the Senior Manager, Environment and Sustainability
at Bell Aliant where he works collaboratively to integrate more
sustainable business practices. Prior to his current role, he spent five
years with Halifax Regional Municipality’s Solid Waste-Resources
Department helping businesses implement successful recycling
and organics programs. Marcus holds a Masters in Resource and
Environmental Studies (2002) from Dalhousie University and last
year was named a member of Canada’s 2013 Clean 50, honouring
outstanding contributors to sustainable development and
clean capitalism in Canada. Marcus also serves on the
Board of the Clean Nova Scotia Foundation.
RRFB NOVA SCOTIA BOARD OF DIRECTORS - 2014
40
Gail Johnson
Gail Johnson is a councillor for the County of Richmond. First elected
in 1991, she has served two terms as Deputy Warden and one term
as Warden of Richmond County. Gail also serves on the Renewable
Energy Committee, the Bras d’or Lakes Biosphere Reserve Committee,
Richmond County Literacy Committee and the Police Advisory Board.
Gail was a member of Richmond County’s Waste Management
Committee from 1996 to 2000 and was elected to RRFB Nova Scotia’s
Board in 2010. Gail is passionate about public service and volunteering
in her local community.
Susan Letson
Susan Letson worked for more than 20 years in executive recruitment
and selection in Atlantic Canada, having held senior positions with
KPMG and the Caldwell Partners International. In 2008 she joined
Rosson and Gordon Consultants/KWA Partners, and from 2013-2014
she was the Executive Director of the Centre for Ethics in Public Affairs.
Susan has chaired the boards of the Halifax YWCA, Symphony Nova
Scotia and Debut Atlantic and served as vice-chair with the United Way
of Halifax Region. She is currently Chair of the Corporate Governance
Committee of the Greater Halifax Partnership Board and Chair of the
Nova Scotia Masterworks Arts Award Foundation. As a member of
RRFB Nova Scotia’s Board, Susan serves on the Audit Committee.
Gary Johnson
Gary Johnson’s experience in the packaging industry spans 39 years.
He joined Maritime Paper Products Limited in 1991 and was named
President in 1996. The Dartmouth-based company, with manufacturing
facilities across the region, produces corrugated packaging for markets
in Central and Atlantic Canada, the northeast US and various offshore
markets. In addition to his RRFB Nova Scotia responsibilities, Gary
serves on the Boards of Crown Fibre Tube Inc., Canadian Corrugator
& Containerboard Association and Mermaid Theatre Company.
Scott MacLean
Scott MacLean is the Quality Assurance Manager for the Tire Building
activity of the Michelin Tire Manufacturing Facility in Pictou County,
Nova Scotia. Joining Michelin North America (Canada) Inc. in 1987,
Scott has held a broad range of roles across production, maintenance,
personnel and quality in three different manufacturing facilities during
his career. In addition to his responsibilities as Quality Assurance
Manager, Scott is a member of the Plant Site Management Team for
the Pictou County Facility. He also serves on the Board of the Atlantic
Canada Tire Stewardship, a tire industry body comprised of tire
manufactures, major tire brand owners, suppliers and retailers in
New Brunswick engaged in tire scrap management.
Joan Massey
Joan Massey operates a boutique store, 1958Vintage, located in the Plan B
Halifax co-op. 1958Vintage specializes in vintage clothing and household
items, and upholds the reduce, reuse, recycle values. Joan was elected to
the Provincial Legislature as the representative for Dartmouth East in 2003
and served until 2009. During that time at Province House she served
as Deputy House Speaker. Joan served as Official Opposition Critic for
Health Promotion and Protection and Mental Health, Tourism and Culture,
and Communications Nova Scotia and Environment Critic. She had two
of her bills pass into law. Prior to becoming an MLA, Joan served as her
community’s elected School Board Representative. She was educated at
the Dartmouth Vocational School (the Akerley Campus NSCC) and worked
for several years as an Administrative Assistant.
Andrew Murphy
Andrew Murphy has 17 years of experience working on a wide variety of
environmental policy issues. He has been with Nova Scotia Environment
in various capacities since 1996, first in supporting the implementation
of the solid waste resource management strategy and initiatives such as
the deposit-refund system and disposal bans. Most recently, he became
director of the Air Quality, Climate Change and Resource Management
branch, where he provides leadership for policy issues including air
quality, climate change, waste management, contaminated sites and
dangerous goods. Andrew holds a Bachelor of Arts in Economics and a
Masters Degree in Development Economics from Dalhousie University.
NOTES
Toll-free 1 .87 7.313.RRFB (7 732)Local 902.895.RRFB (7 732)
[email protected] 14 Court Street , Suite 305, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 3H7
PutWasteInItsPlace.ca
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