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Plant Science
Agriscience Applications
Careers in Plant Science
Objective:
Investigate career opportunities related to plant science industries
Careers in Plant Science
Career Areas: Forest Careers
Growing, managing and harvesting trees for wood and its by-products
Horticulture CareersFloriculture- flower production and useLandscape and nursery- plants used around
homes and businesses for aesthetic purposes
Careers in Plant Science
Forest Careers Forester
Helps with the science of growing trees Forest Ranger
Management of forest including fire prevention
Logging ForemanSupervise the harvesting of trees
Careers in Plant Science
Floriculture (Horticulture) Floral designer Flower grower Greenhouse manager Retail florist Wholesale florist
Careers in Plant Science
Landscaping and nursery (Horticulture) Greenskeeper- cares for golf courses Landscaper- installs plants Landscape architect Nursery operator- grows trees and shrubs Turf farmer- grows turf (grass) for sale
Plant Parts and Functions
Objective:
Explain the function of major plant parts as related to plant growth and health
Plants
Composed of many parts Roots Steams Leaves Flowers
Roots
Often the largest part of the plant Squash can have miles of roots
Adventitious roots Found in places unexpected Poison ivy Mistletoe
Root
Two types of systems
1. Taproot- main root that usually grows down
Carrots
2. Fibrous roots- thin, hair like, and numerous Grass Corn
Root Tissue
Root cap- outermost part of a root Tough cells that penetrate the soil Pushes through soil partials
Roots
Area of cell division Allows roots to grow longer New cell replace worn away cells
Area of cell elongation Between the root cap and the plan base Cells become longer Cells become specialized
Roots
Xylem Carries water and nutrients to the upper portion
of the plant
Phloem Pipeline Carries food to the roots Food is stored in the roots
Roots
Areas of cell maturation Where cells mature Root hairs emerge
Develop on the surface of the root Absorb water and nutrients Damaged easily Cannot be replaced
Stems
Support leaves, flowers, fruit Types of stems:
Woody Herbaceous
Other stems: Bulbs (onions) Rhizomes (wiregrass) Tubers (potato)
Leaves
Manufactures food for the plant Converts sunlight into food Photosynthesis
Light
Carbon dioxide + water = sugar + oxygen
Leaves
Help in the identification of plants Leaf margins
Shape and size varies with each species Simple leaves Compound leaves
Flowers
Functions to produce seeds Types of flowers
Perfect (both male and female) Imperfect
Pollination The union of pollen with the female part of the
flower
Assignment
Root cap Root hairs Woody Fruit Vegetable Perfect flower Herbaceous Stoma
Bulbs Rhizomes Node Internode Simple leaves guard cells Imperfect flower Cuticle
Using pages 274 to 289 write a definition of the following terms in your notebook:
Photosynthesis
Objective: Explore the photosynthesis process as related to growth and development of a plant
Process
Light energy is connected to chemical energy Chloroplast contains chlorophyll Simple sugars are made (glucose) Carbon dioxide is used Oxygen is produced
Photosynthesis
6CO2+12H2O C6H12O2+6O2
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Glucose Oxygen
Slowing Photosynthesis
Low Carbon dioxide Greenhouse Carbon dioxide generators
Slowing Photosynthesis
Low Light Dark rooms Light intensity matters
Temperature Best at 65-85 degrees Fahrenheit Extreme temps can stop photosynthesis
Respiration
Food is used Energy is released Oxygen is used Carbon dioxide is produced Occurs in both light and dark
Transpiration
Release of water vapor from the stomata 90% of the water entering the roots
10% is used in chemical processes
Functions: cooling transportation maintaining turgor pressure
Plant Reproduction
Objective: Describe flower and seed parts, including their function
Plant Reproduction
Two types of propagation: Sexual
use of seed for reproducing plantsonly way to obtain new varieties and hybrid vigoroften least expensive and quickest
Asexualvegetativeexact duplicate
Parts of the Flower
Stamen (male part) Filament Anther- manufactures pollen Pollen- male sexual reproductive cell
Parts of the Flower
Pistil (female part) Stigma- receives the pollen Style- connection to the ovary Ovary- contains the ovules or female
reproductive cells
Parts of the Flower
Petals (corolla) Colored part of the flower Attract insects or other
natural pollinators
Parts of the Flower
PollenStamen (Male) Anther
Filament
StigmaStyle Pistil (Female)Ovary
Flower Parts
Anther
Filament
The Seed
Parts of the seed: Seed Coat offers protection Endosperm supplies food for the
seed Embryo is the young plant
Germination
The seed starts to sprout and grow Requires four environmental factors:
1. Water
2. Air
3. Light
4. Temperature
Environmental Factors
Water imbibition (absorption of water)
Tough seed coat Scarifying seeds
Air is needed for respiration Seeds are viable or alive
Environmental Factors
Light Some seeds need light while others do not
Seeds must have the right temperature to germinate
Asexual Propagation
Cutting vegetative parts of the plant: leaf cuttings root cuttings stem cuttings layering grafting
T-budding tissue culture (micropropagation)
Assignment
Complete the Self Evaluation on page 331 to 333 sections A to D. For section D make all “False” answers true.
Plant Science
Objective: Analyze basic soil and media requirements for growth of agricultural crops
Soil and Plant Media
Soil is the top layer of the earth's surface Sphagunm moss
root growth
Perlite volcanic glass starting new plants media mixes
Soil and Plant Media
Vermiculite mineral mica-type material stating plant seeds cuttings media mixes
Soil and Plant Media
Peat Moss used in media mixes
Soil pH
Improper pH affects availability of nutrients limits plant intake
Alkaline
AcidNeutral
2 57
8 10
Amending soil pH
Amending soil pH
Amending soil pH
Lime is usually applied as finely ground dolomitic limestone calcium magnesium
Fertilizers
Objective: Explain nutrient requirements and soil amendments needed for growth of agricultural crops
Fertilizers
Nitrogen-Phosphorus-PotassiumExample: 10-10-10
Fertilizers
Fertilizers must become soluble (liquid form) before they can be used by plants
Organic fertilizers Manure Bone meal (phosphorus) Soybean meal
Fertilizers
Organic fertilizers slow acting long lasting lacking some primary nutrients
Inorganic High level of nutrients
Plant Identification
Plant ID for Agriscience
Chlorophytum comosum
COMMON NAME: Spider plant FOLIAGE: arching leaves with cascading
wiry stems FLOWERS: small white flowers ID FEATURE: many times will contain tiny
plantlets at the apex of leaves
Chlorophytum comosum
Euphorbia pulcherrima
COMMON NAME: Poinsettia FORM: shrub FOLIAGE: large alternate leaves with or
without teeth on the margin FLOWER: cup-shaped flowers in a cluster
above the showy red, pink, or creamy leaf bracts with a large yellow gland on the rim of the flower
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Euphorbia pulcherrima
Red petals are actually bracts, not flowers.
Hedera helix
COMMON NAME: English Ivy FORM: a vine climbing by aerial rootlets
or a prostrate groundcover FOLIAGE: leaves are dark green with
white veins, leathery evergreen foliage, alternate leaf arrangement, 1.5 to 4” long, juvenile leaves are 3 to 5 lobed and adult leaves are not lobed
Hedera helix
Hedera helix
Liriope muscari
COMMON NAME: Liriope FORM: grass-like perennial 12 to 18 inch
tall clumps FOLIAGE: strap-like, arching, glossy, dark
green leaves (to 1” wide) FLOWERS: erect, showy flower spikes
with tiered whorls of dense, violet-purple flowers
Liriope muscari
Liriope muscari
Nephrolepis exaltata
COMMON NAME: Boston Fern FORM: evergreen fern, up to 5 feet tall Reproduces by spores located on the bottom
side of leaves
Nephrolepis exaltata
Nephrolepis exaltata
Philodendron scandens
COMMON NAME: Parlor Ivy FORM: trailing growth form FOLIAGE: Heart shaped, glossy, dark green
leaves, 4” long and 3” wide
Philodendron scandens
Saintpaulia ionantha
COMMON NAME: African violet FORM: from miniature varieties of 4
inches wide, to large varieties more than 15 inches wide
FOLIAGE: large, flat, succulent, pubescent leaves
FLOWERS: varies in color from pink, white, blue, red and bicolor
Saintpaulia ionantha
Saintpaulia ionantha
Saintpaulia ionantha
Spathiphyllum cv.
COMMON NAME: Peace Lily FORM: perennial herb FOLIAGE: leaves are basal, elongated,
pointed at both ends dark green with conspicuously indented veins
FLOWERS: small on spadix surrounded by a white or greenish, flat or concave spathe
Spathiphyllum cv.
Spathiphyllum cv.
Tradescantia zebrina
COMMON NAME: Purple Wandering Jew FORM: trailing vine-like plant, vines can
grow to several feet in length FOLIAGE: 2” wide and 4”long leaves that
are purple with silver stripes
Tradescantia zebrina
Tradescantia zebrina
Tradescantia zebrina
This is actually a green variety of wandering jew.
Viola X wittrockiana
COMMON NAME: pansy FORM: low, bushy growing habit with a
height of .25 to .75 feet tall and a width of .5 to .75 feet
FLOWERS: white, yellow, black, brown, lavender, purple, blue, pink, often with blotches that resemble animals’ faces
Viola X wittrockiana
Viola X wittrockiana
Viola X wittrockiana