Upload
aiyana-hairfield
View
216
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
What makes a plant a plant?
And not a . . . ?
PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesisSimply put. . . Sequence of reactions performed in green plantsLight energy converted into chemical energy
Annuals
All in one growing seasonCool season or warm season
Germination & vegetative
growth
Reproduction – flowering, seed production &
seed dissemination
Death
Annuals (cont.)
Fast growingDifficult to compete in natural settingsSeeds must store enough food for seedlings to develop quicklyMain reason we don’t see annuals in many natural settings
Annuals (cont.)Annuals can be found in the desertsFew herbaceous perennials for competitionSeeds can last yearsWith available water – rapid growth
Cool Season Annuals
Seeds germinate with fall rainsWarm days and soilsCool nights and shorter daysRapid seedling development Fast growthFlowering late winter to early springSeeds mature and disseminated Quick process where water is scarce
Cool Season AnnualsSome of the more common cool season annuals in our area Snapdragon (Antirrhinum)Stock (Matthiola)Pansy, Violets (Viola)Primrose (Primula)Forget-Me-Not (Myosotis)Sweet peas (Lathyrus)See the Sunset Western Garden Book pg. 70 & 71 in this previous edition
Warm Season Annuals
Warm season annualsSeeds germinate with late winter and spring rainsCool days and soilsRapid seedling development Fast growthFlowering late summer to early fallSeeds mature then disseminated
Biennials
Requires two growing season
Reproduction – flowering, seed production &
seed dissemination
Death
Season 1 Season 2
Germination & vegetative
growth
Biennials
Some of the more common biennials grown in our area:Foxglove (Digitalis) Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus)Carrots (Daucus)Sweet William (Dianthus)
Perennials
PerennialsDivided into 3 groups — herbaceous and woodyCan be long livedAnnual vegetative and reproductive cyclesCycles are seasonal
Daylily
Herbaceous Perennials
Grow vegetativelyIn warm or wet seasonsDormant in cold or droughtNon-woodyPeriodic burn cyclesSurvives using underground storage organs – roots, bulbs, tubers, rhizomes, corms and stolons
Geophytes
Modified stemsPlants with buds undergroundAssociated with underground storage organsRhizomes, tubers, corms and bulbs
“Bulbs”A “catch-all” term for underground storage organsProvides a reserve of nutrientsIncludes true bulbs, tubers, tuberous roots, corms, and pseudo-bulbsMostly deciduousStored reserves allow dormant survival Provides propagative materials
BulbsTrue bulbsMonocots – many lilies and amaryllis Grows at or just below the soil surfaceHighly modified stem or basal plateAdventitious roots
Anatomy of a bulb
Bulbs
Flowers often emerge firstReproduction can carry on immediately after dormancyCompetition from shade is reduced
Corms
Bulb-like monocotsUnderground storage at or below soil lineModified stem with basal plateGrowth points on top of cormNew cormels formed for each seasonCormels form on top of corm
RhizomesModified stemsAt or below soil lineThick, fleshy and fibrousAdventitious roots along bottom of rhizomeBuds at ends of rhizomesDivisible for propagation
Associated with monocots
Anatomy of a rhizome
TubersAt or below soil lineSolid and fleshyAssociated with dicotsRoots can emerge from anywhere on the surfaceBuds or “eyes” found over the surfaceEyes used for propagation
Anatomy of a tuber
Tuberous Roots
Modified rootsLarge, finger-likeBuds form at proximal endRoots form at distal endCan be used for propagation Anatomy of
tuberous roots
Stolons
Modified stemsGrows along soil surfaceStolons develop roots and shoots at nodes
Anatomy of a stolon
Plant Life Cycles (cont.)
Woody PerennialsLives more than two yearsCan have extremely long life spansAnnual vegetative – reproductive cycleCycles are seasonal
Largest
Oldest