Plagiarism, Copyright Plagiarism, Copyright and Fair Useand Fair Use

How To Be Legal and Ethical in a How To Be Legal and Ethical in a Digital World!Digital World!

What About Copyright?What About Copyright?

You may be aware that US Copyright law protects works You may be aware that US Copyright law protects works for a certain period of time (let's say 100 years for the for a certain period of time (let's say 100 years for the

sake of argument). After this, the works are in the sake of argument). After this, the works are in the public domain. This means that anyone can publish public domain. This means that anyone can publish them without paying royalties them without paying royalties but they still have to but they still have to

acknowledge the sourceacknowledge the source. And whether you are using . And whether you are using Plato, Josephus, Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Emerson, Plato, Josephus, Machiavelli, Michelangelo, Emerson, Chesterton, T.S. Eliot or e.e. cummings, you must cite Chesterton, T.S. Eliot or e.e. cummings, you must cite your sources. If you cite a long passage in your paper, your sources. If you cite a long passage in your paper, and the work is still under copyright, you will need to and the work is still under copyright, you will need to get the permission of the copyright holder to do it. get the permission of the copyright holder to do it.

What is ‘fair use’ and how What is ‘fair use’ and how does it apply to me?does it apply to me?

Fair use is an exception to copyright in Fair use is an exception to copyright in certain situations. To decide on fair use certain situations. To decide on fair use you have to look at:you have to look at:

Is the purpose nonprofit such as education?Is the purpose nonprofit such as education? Could you have used an alternative?Could you have used an alternative? How much of the work did you use?How much of the work did you use? Are you costing the creator money?Are you costing the creator money?

CONFU : The Conference on Fair UseCONFU : The Conference on Fair Usehttp://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/IntellectualProperty/confu.htmhttp://www.utsystem.edu/OGC/IntellectualProperty/confu.htm

Motion Media Motion Media Up to 10% or 3 minutes, whichever is less, Up to 10% or 3 minutes, whichever is less, Text Material Text Material Up to 10% or 1000 words, whichever is less,Up to 10% or 1000 words, whichever is less, An entire poem of less than 250 words may be used, but no more than An entire poem of less than 250 words may be used, but no more than

three poems by one poet, or five poems by different poets from any three poems by one poet, or five poems by different poets from any anthology anthology

For poems of greater length, 250 words may be used but no more than For poems of greater length, 250 words may be used but no more than three excerpts by a poet, or five excerpts by different poets from a single three excerpts by a poet, or five excerpts by different poets from a single anthology may be used. anthology may be used.

Music, Lyrics, and Music Video Music, Lyrics, and Music Video Up to 10%, but in no event more than 30 seconds, of the music and lyrics Up to 10%, but in no event more than 30 seconds, of the music and lyrics

from an individual musical work from an individual musical work Illustrations and Photographs Illustrations and Photographs a photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety but no more than 5 a photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety but no more than 5

images by an artist or photographer images by an artist or photographer photographs and illustrations from a published collective work, not more photographs and illustrations from a published collective work, not more

than 10% or 15 images, whichever is less, than 10% or 15 images, whichever is less,

Things to Think About...Things to Think About...

How many of you have posted pictures you found on How many of you have posted pictures you found on Google images (or another image search engine) on a Google images (or another image search engine) on a social networking or messaging pagesocial networking or messaging page

How many of you have posted music on your personal How many of you have posted music on your personal pages?pages?

Is this a violation of copyright?Is this a violation of copyright? Have any of you been contacted and asked to remove Have any of you been contacted and asked to remove

copyrighted material from your page?copyrighted material from your page?

ALWAYS REMEMBER! COPYRIGHT IS ALWAYS REMEMBER! COPYRIGHT IS AUTOMATIC, EVEN IF IT ISN’T STATED!AUTOMATIC, EVEN IF IT ISN’T STATED!

Remember!Remember!

Fair use only applies to projects for school and Fair use only applies to projects for school and not for your personal use of media!not for your personal use of media!

Fair use only covers school projects that stay Fair use only covers school projects that stay in school. As soon as they are publicly in school. As soon as they are publicly displayed you must adhere to copyright! displayed you must adhere to copyright!

Even if you are covered by fair use you should Even if you are covered by fair use you should credit every source of information, pictures, credit every source of information, pictures, video, music and sound in your work!video, music and sound in your work!

PLAGIARISM AND HOW TO AVOID ITPLAGIARISM AND HOW TO AVOID IT

PlagiarizePlagiarize \'pla-je-,riz \'pla-je-,riz alsoalso j - -\ j - -\ vbvb -rized-rized; ; --riz·ingriz·ing vtvt [ [plagiaryplagiary] : to steal and pass off (the ] : to steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own : use ideas or words of another) as one's own : use

(a created production) without crediting the (a created production) without crediting the source vi: to commit literary theft: present as source vi: to commit literary theft: present as new and original an idea or product derived new and original an idea or product derived

from an existing source from an existing source - pla·gia·riz·er- pla·gia·riz·er nn FROM:FROM: Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary

9th ed9th ed, (Springfield, Ma: Merriam 1981, p. , (Springfield, Ma: Merriam 1981, p. 870).870).

EXAMPLE I EXAMPLE I

word-for-word plagiarismword-for-word plagiarism

When material is taken directly from a When material is taken directly from a book, article, speech, statement, remarks, book, article, speech, statement, remarks, the Internet, or some other source, the the Internet, or some other source, the writer must provide proper attribution. writer must provide proper attribution.

I thought I can use I thought I can use someone's words if I someone's words if I reference or reference or citecite the the source. source.

You can.You can. Direct quotes from other sources are Direct quotes from other sources are acceptable in your work however you acceptable in your work however you

must give credit to the source both in the must give credit to the source both in the work and in the bibliography at the end of work and in the bibliography at the end of

the work. This is called a the work. This is called a citation.citation.

How Do I Cite A Quote?How Do I Cite A Quote?

If you are using a word-for-word, literal If you are using a word-for-word, literal quotation, you have to put the passage quotation, you have to put the passage you are quoting in quotation marks and you are quoting in quotation marks and you must put the source in parentheses you must put the source in parentheses

following the quote. following the quote.

If it is a long passage--more than three lines If it is a long passage--more than three lines of text in your paper--you should start a of text in your paper--you should start a

new line and indent, putting the citation at new line and indent, putting the citation at the end of the paragraph. the end of the paragraph.

These two ways are the only acceptable These two ways are the only acceptable methods for indicating quoted materialmethods for indicating quoted material

What about pictures, cound What about pictures, cound clips, movie or video clips?clips, movie or video clips?

All other forms of media used must be All other forms of media used must be cited at the point of use.cited at the point of use.

(www.pictures.com/flowers)

EXAMPLE IIEXAMPLE II

the paraphrasethe paraphrase

Even if the author’s exact language is not Even if the author’s exact language is not used, a citation is required for material that used, a citation is required for material that is paraphrasedis paraphrased. .

What Is a Paraphrase, What Is a Paraphrase, Anyway?Anyway?

Paraphrase is stating someone else's Paraphrase is stating someone else's ideas ideas in your own words. Yes, you do in your own words. Yes, you do

have to cite sources, even for have to cite sources, even for paraphrase. When you are writing the paraphrase. When you are writing the

paper, think about the reader. If you can paper, think about the reader. If you can imagine the reader saying: "what was the imagine the reader saying: "what was the source of that idea?" then you should cite source of that idea?" then you should cite

it, even if you rewrote it in your own it, even if you rewrote it in your own words. words.

EXAMPLE IIIEXAMPLE III

the mosaic the mosaic

Even though your paper includes some Even though your paper includes some original material, selected phrases of the original material, selected phrases of the

original sources are woven throughout the original sources are woven throughout the passage – a little bit from here, a little bit passage – a little bit from here, a little bit

from there .from there .

EXAMPLE IV EXAMPLE IV

the “apt phrase”the “apt phrase” Your writingYour writing is almost entirely original, but is almost entirely original, but a phrase is taken directly from the source. a phrase is taken directly from the source.

Even though you use only a short phrase Even though you use only a short phrase or several phrases, they must have or several phrases, they must have

quotation marks around them and be quotation marks around them and be cited if they are taken directly from the cited if they are taken directly from the

source. source.

Only phrases that have truly become part Only phrases that have truly become part of general usage can be used without of general usage can be used without

citation. citation.

What You Should Do To What You Should Do To Avoid Plagiarism continued Avoid Plagiarism continued

You shouldYou should onlyonly add quotes when they are necessary to add quotes when they are necessary to

acknowledge others' thoughts and to present acknowledge others' thoughts and to present evidence that helps your argument evidence that helps your argument

write your papers from scratch, starting with a write your papers from scratch, starting with a blank screen. Don't cut and paste from various blank screen. Don't cut and paste from various documents. documents.

make sure each passage is properly cited if make sure each passage is properly cited if you do cut and paste a little. you do cut and paste a little.

do the citation work at the time of writing do the citation work at the time of writing instead of leaving it for the end. instead of leaving it for the end.

What you should do to What you should do to avoid plagiarism:avoid plagiarism:

You should:You should: print before you start writing and use the print before you start writing and use the

printout like you would a book. At least then printout like you would a book. At least then cutting and pasting is not so convenient. cutting and pasting is not so convenient.

really think about what you are reading. really think about what you are reading. outline your paper to reflects the conclusions outline your paper to reflects the conclusions

you are drawing. you are drawing. write in your own words and write in your own words and nevernever cut and cut and

paste unless you will be citing it. paste unless you will be citing it. . .

Be realistic about what you are doing. If Be realistic about what you are doing. If you are doing a lot of cutting and pasting, you are doing a lot of cutting and pasting, chances are you are not writing a very chances are you are not writing a very good paper.good paper.

I Really Didn't Do It!I Really Didn't Do It! You can prove you You can prove you didn’t plagiarize if:didn’t plagiarize if:

you can show your drafts, the notes you took, and you can show your drafts, the notes you took, and any other materials you used in writing the paper.any other materials you used in writing the paper.

you can talk convincingly about the material in the you can talk convincingly about the material in the paper, including things you decided to leave out, why paper, including things you decided to leave out, why you made the argument the way you did, how the you made the argument the way you did, how the writings you cited fit into the paper, where you found writings you cited fit into the paper, where you found those writings, etc. those writings, etc.

So keep your notes and learn the material So keep your notes and learn the material well.well.