Copyright and Plagiarism and Citations, Oh My!SCHOOL OF PHARMACY BOOT CAMP

Terri WilsonUnit Assistant Director & Pharmacy Liaison LibrarianHarrington Library of the Health Sciences

WHAT IS COPYRIGHT?

United States Code, Title 17 - Copyrights§ §107 – Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair Use

• Allows you to use parts of a work without the copyright owner's permission

• Does NOT mean that you don't have to cite the work

FAIR USE

FAIR USE

17 USC §107 – Limitations on exclusive rights: Fair Use

§ Four criteria for determining fair use:• The purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a

commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes

• The nature of the copyrighted work

• The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole

• The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work

FAIR USE

What does that mean?§ The purpose and character of the use, including whether such

use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes• Criticism

• Commentary

• Scholarly

• Commercial

• Public presentation

• In-house presentation

FAIR USE

What does that mean?§ The nature of the copyrighted work

• Facts

• Fiction

• Published

• Unpublished

• Data

• Out-of-print

• Public domain

– Anything published in the U.S. before January 1, 1923

– All U.S. government materials are public domain

FAIR USE

What does that mean?§ The amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to

the copyrighted work as a whole• A section

• A chapter

• An image

• 5% of total work

• 50% of total work

• Entire work

FAIR USE

What does that mean?§ The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of

the copyrighted work• Has the effect of avoiding paying for royalties

• Preserves a rare copy

• Stored on public webspace

• Access behind password-protection

NOW WHAT?

Three Good Reasons:§ Give authors/creators the credit that they deserve.§ Help others find the references that you used in your research.§ AVOID EVEN THE HINT OF PLAGIARISM!

WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO CITE CORRECTLY?

Plagiarize

to take (ideas, writings, etc.) from (another) and pass them off as one's own

Neufeldt V, ed. Webster's New World Dictionary of American English. Third College Edition. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, Inc.; 1988:1031.

WHAT IS PLAGIARISM?

Three Types of Citations:§ Direct quotes§ Paraphrasing§ Unique ideas

CITING CORRECTLY

Things to Remember:§ Even if the information you find is “free,” you must cite it.

• Public domain

• Stock photos/footage

• Creative Commons (Wikipedia)

§ IF YOU DID NOT THINK OF IT YOURSELF, YOU MUST CITE IT!!

CITING CORRECTLY

EVERYTHING ON THE INTERNET IS NOT FREE!§ On a website, do your best to find the author of an article or

the organization/company behind the website.§ Do not assume an image on a website is there legally,

especially if there is no creator attribution on the image.§ There is no such thing as “Google Images” as a copyright

owner or publisher.

CITING CORRECTLY

CITATION FORMAT – BOOK

Parts of a book citation:

Author(s) Book title

Edition

Publisher Publication year

Parts of a journal article citation:Article title Author(s)

Journal title

Publication year

Publication month

Volume number

Issue numberPage number

CITATION FORMAT – JOURNAL ARTICLE