Upload
marcus-hardy
View
215
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Plagiarism and How to Immunize Against It!
Information Literacy/Technology Education Integration
Plan Toolkit
South Carolina Department of Education, 2003
What is Plagiarism and When Did It Become a
Problem? How many of you suspect that
plagiarism is a disease at your school?
Have you ever checked student work over the Internet?
Were your suspicions confirmed? Did you confront the student?
Plagiarismis cheating Is lyingstealingis not a new concernis increasingis intellectual theft
Taking words and ideas from another and calling it your own
Plagiarism Has Become a National Epidemic
83% of Who’s Who (1998) said that cheating was pretty common and almost everyone did it!
When caught cheating the most frequent punishment was to “never do it again.”
97.5 students in 1989 let someone copy their work (The State of Americans: this Generation and the Next
51% of high school students did not believe cheating was wrong according to U.S.News and World ReportFrom turnitin.com--
Consider this Are students who don’t cheat at a
disadvantage? Is there too much emphasis put on “winning”
grades? What about parents? Do they support the
school if their child is caught cheating? Are teachers aware of the ease at which
cheating can occur? Do teachers take the initiative and check out
their suspicions?
“This is a game with serious negative consequences for the students, for education, and for society. Time and effort must go into creating a level playing field at each school so students grades will reflect what they have accomplished, not how skillful or daring they have become playing the cheating game.”
Lathrop and Foss, 2000
Methods of Contacting Plagiarism
Turning in another student’s work without that student’s knowledge.
Turning in a paper written by another student with that student’s knowledge
Cutting and pasting and rearranging without providing credit
"Helping Students Avoid Plagiarism," Stephen Wilhoit
Copying a paper without proper credit Copying materials supplying proper documentation, but leaving out quotation marks
Paraphrasing materials from a source without appropriate documentation
Turning in a paper from a "free term paper" website
Buying an already written paper from a research service or term paper mill
"Students who have grown up with the Internet are often unaware that they are plagiarizing, and some of those who are caught can honestly say they just didn't know any better. We see this as a failing of the system, rather than the student, and feel there is a real danger of future generations taking plagiarism for granted."
From turnitin.com--http://www.turnitin.com/about_plagiarism.html
Healthy StudentsStandards
Information Literacy #8:The Information Literate student “practices ethical behavior in regard to information and information technology.”
“respects intellectual property rights”“avoids plagiarism, cites sources property”
Doesn’t copy!
How Prevalent?
Online term paper sites
Maybe 2,000,000 Possible cost resulting from
contact
Depending on quality and length from $5 to $100 +
Contacting the Disease
– Plagiarism services on the Internet– Targeted marketing by the Internet to
assist in research– Search engines point to "the easy way
out" in the form of banner ads. – One click, that’s all– Students looking for shortcuts– Procrastination– Poor time management skills– Fear of writing ability– Pressure for good grades
It’s s
o easy!
It’s s
o easy!
Unlikely to get caughtUnlikely to get caught
MAJOR SymptomsMAJOR Symptoms
Student work goes beyond or does not reflect student capability - too good or too bad (grade-school quality)Unique wordingLack of citationsNo bibliography - dead giveawayToo perfect - none or very few errors contained within it - spelling, syntax, etc.--
Additional Symptoms
Writing steers off topic - Some "on-topic" paragraphs that student self inserts to reflect required subject
Poor layout - Might result from paste and print so none of the original format is retained. Page numbers, headings, spacing, and page breaks are all out of whack
References or cites lectures of a mystery teacher (from “off,” of course)
Paper contains reference to its own origin on the last page (e.g. "This report is from www.plagiarized.com - join today!") Web address at top or bottom!
WhoopsWhoops
Gray letters in text - indication that page was downloaded because color letters from a web page show up gray when printed
References to charts, graphs and other inserts but they are missing?
Speaks in present tense when making reference to historical person or event
Can’t answer questions or summarize the main point of the project or report
Really Bad Case Ultimate sign of laziness - paper
printed directly from the student's internet browser
References all from books not available in your school, or are from another country
Old references in bibliography at least by five or ten years old or inactive web pages
So what’s a teacher to do to stop the spread before it
becomes a habitual disease?
Not Your Students? Think againThink again
Take the situation seriously.
It is cheatingIt is cheating
Take a close look at your assignments and consider what you are doing that is contributing to the epidemic
Change the way Change the way research is assignedresearch is assigned
Types of Contributing Assignments
Choose any topic we have studied and write an in depth report
The final product on your research about a famous American will be a Power Point Presentation
Write a two page report about your state Select an animal and write a report with
pictures
What are teachers asking from students in the form of
research?
Just the facts? OR What other people think OR New ideas and synthesis from the student
What’s the challenge?
No Placebos Allowed Assignments should require
Explanationsproblem-solvingchoices decision-making
Lessons based on the essential question/conceptWhy?How?Which is best?
Emphasize Essential Questions
Essential Questions How does music lend to and define the various
American teenage subcultures?
Can AIDS ever be stopped?
What is acid rain?What are the causes
What are the effects What can be done to minimize or reverse the
effect
Require and Enable Students to Provide Own Diagnosis
Time to brainstorm and develop essential questions from the subject matter
Information literacy skills of locating, accessing, using , synthesizing and evaluating information
Finding and using information is not intuitive - it is a skill that demands practice.
Prevention StrategiesAs projects are developed: Supervise Keep all pertinent information about the
assignment Try to store in electronic formats Have the final product submitted on disk
Prevention
Teach bibliographic citation Discuss fair use, copyright
and the Internet with students Talk openly with students - so
they know you know Show them several sites and
have them look at weak papers
Let students know how they are doing before the end
Evaluate the process as it is occurring—require notes, revisions to essential question and topic statement, drafts, annotated bibliography, photocopies of cited references, etc
Provide clear expectations through rubrics/checklists so students get practice at self-assessment
“Have students defend their ideas, not just hand in a written paper.”
Stand up to questions from peers, teachers, experts
Make connections of one idea to another
Defend concepts, show evidence, speculate about next questions
Discuss point of view of a cited author
—Mark Gordon, consultant. (From Lathrop & Foss, 2000)
Have students keep a journal or reflect on progress when working on major assignment
Have students evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of own project
Require that specific ingredients are in the paper
Provide AssistanceSource (Author, title, date, URL, etc.)
Subject:
Keywords:
Abstract:
Have students differentiate between ideas they have collected from others and those ideas which have emerged in reaction to the ideas of others. Green signifies fresh thinking, black ink the ideas of of others. (Jamie McKenzie)
Provide pathways and trails
Teach needed search skills and strategies
Teach guidelines for citing sources properly
Use an agreed upon format. What needs to be included?
Define to students what citing a source means
Define situations where a source should be cited
Information Process
Number 1Task for Teachers
Develop Good Assignments
Number 1Task for Teachers
Develop Good Assignments
What is the question?
Information Process
Exactly what is it that students are to achieve and what is the criteria that assesses achievement?
Keeping the Disease ContainedTeacher Must Know:
•What do you want your students to accomplish?•What do you really want them to learn?•What are the skills that you are addressing?•What do they need to know in the content area?•What do they need to know related to process?
“Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten.”
-B. F. Skinner
Detection Devices Need to check a passage? Cut, paste line of
text into GoogleWorks for tracing text found on web
Try searching in several search engines - with quotes and without
Locating within a document - Toolbar-Edit-Find, type search string
Try suspect phrases or paragraphs from different parts of the report. Same URL comes up? Probable cause to suspect plagiarismtry several engines before you give uplocate some appropriate databases on the Invisible Web (http://www.virtualsalt.com/search.htm)
Home site of papermill? Check student bibliography
There she is!
Don’t Try to Use Band Aids
Insurance Policies?
Subscription services- get trial for dates student work is due
Turnitin.com @ www.turnitin.com - online subscription
Easy Verification Engine -EVE -a low cost, effective plagiarism detection tool for teachers that is extremely easy to use http://www.canexus.com/eve/index.shtml
GLATT Plagiarism Service @ www.plagiarism.com - screening program and teaching program
Treatment for
Identified Cases
Gather evidence
Substantiate what you believe
Follow the official policies and procedures defined by district and school
Decide who must be informed
Parent discovery? - the issue is between parent and child
Meet formally with the student.Present your case and explain the consequences to the student
Be sure that there are Be sure that there are
consequences.consequences.
Expect a defense denial from the student
The library media specialist is the key player in teaching
ethical use of information
Healthy Prevention Practices
Recognize the problem as being very serious
Ask what you are doing to contribute to the problem because of the assignments you are giving to students
Teach students about intellectual property
Teach students how to cite properly
Learn strategies to combat the problem
Devise a StrategyHelp teachers with the problem and with projects that discourage plagiarism
Use deadlines and checkpoints for student work
Be sure that procedures and consequences are known to students and communicated more than once
When students get papers from the Internet - Know how they achieved it - credit card, cash, free, time at school etc
Devise a Strategy
Work with teachers to develop assignments that require student to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate information
Reexamine how research skills are taught and reinforced
Spend time upfront teaching kids what is right and fair
Prevention is the important element in the fight against plagiarism
With your help, we can eradicate the disease!
ResourcesAsking Good Questions: Ensuring Higher-Order Thinking in the Research Process, Big6
Conference: Impact on Instruction. August 11, 2001, Presented by Barbara A. Jansen, St. Andrew’s Episcopal High School, Austin, TX.
Janoski, Adam. “Plagiarism:Prevention, Not Prosecution.” The Book Report, Sept/Oct (2002)
McKenzie, Jamie. Beyond Technology: Questioning, Research and the Information Literate School. Bellingham, WA: FNO Press. 2000.
Lincoln, Margaret. “lnternet Plagiarism: an Agenda for Staff Inservice and Student Awareness.” Multimedia Schools. Jan/Feb (2002).
Lathrop, Ann and Kathleen Foss. Student Cheating and Plagiarism in the Internet Era. Libraries Unlimited, 2000.
Willems, Harry. “Plagiarism @ Your School.” Library Media Collection. February (2003).
Web Resources www.plagiarized.com
Assistance available www.aresearchguide.com/6plagiar.html
Information on researching for students and teachers www.funbrain.com
Grade 4-8 student plagiarism survey www.eire.org/redesign.html
Suggestions for changing teacher methods for avoiding plagiarism www.library.ualberta.ca/guides/plagiarism/handouts.html
Student guides, tips, links www.fno.org/may98/cov98may.html
Seven solutions to plagiarism
More to the Pot http://plagiarism.phys.virginia.edu/Wsoftware.html Plagiarism Resource Site-Software to detect plagiarism: WCopyfind www.standrews.austin.tx.us/library
Big6 advocate and information literacy expert www.doug-johnson.com/ethics/index.html
Doug Johnson’s “Resources for teaching information technology ethics to
children and young adults” http://www.wiu.edu/users/mfbhl/wiu/plagiarism.htm Plagiarism and the Web www.virtualsalt.com/antiplag.htm
Prevention and detection strategies Alexia.lis.uiue.edu/%7Ejanicke/plagiary.htm
Tips for prevention and detection
Paper Mills for Plagiarism www.jaberwocky.com/cheat/index2.html www.cheathouse.com www.bignerds.com www.academictermpapers.com www.a1-termpaper.com/ www.research-assistance.com/ http://www.schoolsucks.com/ http://www.oppapers.com/ http://www.freepapers.com/ http://www.ezwrite.com/ http://www.a1-termpaper.com/ http://www.geniuspapers.com/
Helpful websites for Students
http://www.standrews.austin.tx.us/library/ResearchPaperOrganizer.htm Big6Research Paper Organizer
http://www.ri.net/schools/East_Greenwich/research.htmlSo you have to do a Research Project?
http://library.ust.hk/serv/skills/libskill.html
Ten Steps to a Research Paper http://www.noodletools.com/
A suite of interactive tools designed to aid students and
teachers with online research http://www.indiana.edu/~wts/wts/plagiarism.html#original
Assistance in avoiding plagiarism
For TeachersWriting a research questionhttp://www.zooscope.oregonzoo.org/TeacherSite/t11_writing_research_question.html
Research Problemshttp://www.wiu.edu/users/mfeam/week2.htm
A listing of webquests for studentshttp://surfaquarium.com/webquest.htm