Plagiarism and Academic Plagiarism and Academic HonestyHonesty

A part of the Information Literacy A part of the Information Literacy mini-course taught by Heights mini-course taught by Heights

High School libraryHigh School library

PlagiarismPlagiarism

Definition of Plagiarism:Definition of Plagiarism: From Latin – ”Plagiary” – “to kidnap”From Latin – ”Plagiary” – “to kidnap” Every school and institution may define plagiarism slightly differently Every school and institution may define plagiarism slightly differently

but here are two ways that plagiarism is defined on the web:but here are two ways that plagiarism is defined on the web:

Presenting another's works, words, or ideas Presenting another's works, words, or ideas as one's own. as one's own. www.thescriptorium.net/glossary.htmlwww.thescriptorium.net/glossary.html

The act of taking and using another The act of taking and using another person's thoughts, writings, or inventions as person's thoughts, writings, or inventions as one's own. one's own. www.shsu.edu/~lib_www/resources/internet_tutorial/glossary.htmlwww.shsu.edu/~lib_www/resources/internet_tutorial/glossary.html

Consequences for PlagiarismConsequences for Plagiarism

In school…In school… Nursing school student --$18,000Nursing school student --$18,000

Harvard College statement….Harvard College statement….Leave CambridgeLeave CambridgeLose all coursework and money paid for itLose all coursework and money paid for itObtain full time work for 6 months with Obtain full time work for 6 months with recommendation upon returnrecommendation upon returnFuture letters to graduate, law, medical schools Future letters to graduate, law, medical schools will report that you were required to withdrawwill report that you were required to withdrawSecond offense – no re-admittance to the Second offense – no re-admittance to the UniversityUniversity

Consequences of PlagiarismConsequences of Plagiarism

At work and In Professional Life…At work and In Professional Life…

Author – Doris Kearns GoodwinAuthor – Doris Kearns Goodwin Removed from Pulitzer committeeRemoved from Pulitzer committee Resigned job as television commentatorResigned job as television commentator Universities retract speaking engagements invitationsUniversities retract speaking engagements invitations

Musical Artists: Milli VanilliMusical Artists: Milli VanilliForced to return 1989 GrammyForced to return 1989 Grammy

Never returned to the fame and fortune that was Never returned to the fame and fortune that was theirs theirs Career tailspin ending in suicide death of Rob PilatisCareer tailspin ending in suicide death of Rob Pilatis

What is Plagiarism ?What is Plagiarism ?

From Purdue Owl Online Guide to Plagiarism

--http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html

Really Should Use Quotes

Claiming someone else’s opinion as your own

Choosing When to Give Credit

•Need to Document •No Need to Document

•When you are using or referring to somebody else’s words or ideas from a magazine, book, newspaper, song, TV program, movie, Web page, computer program, letter, advertisement, or any other medium•When you use information gained through interviewing another person•When you copy the exact words or a "unique phrase" from somewhere•When you reprint any diagrams, illustrations, charts, and pictures•When you use ideas that others have given you in conversations or over email

•When you are writing your own experiences, your own observations, your own insights, your own thoughts, your own conclusions about a subject•When you are using "common knowledge" — folklore, common sense observations, shared information within your field of study or cultural group•When you are compiling generally accepted facts•When you are writing up your own experimental results

•From Purdue Owl Online Guide to Plagiarism - http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html

What is Common Knowledge?What is Common Knowledge?

You find the same information You find the same information undocumented in at least five other undocumented in at least five other sourcessources

You think it is information that your readers You think it is information that your readers will already knowwill already know

OR …..Material is probably common OR …..Material is probably common knowledge if . . .knowledge if . . .

You think a person could easily find the You think a person could easily find the information with general reference sources information with general reference sources

Common Knowledge or Not?Common Knowledge or Not?

The United States became militarily involved in The United States became militarily involved in World War II after the invasion at Pearl HarborWorld War II after the invasion at Pearl Harbor

In 2000, the most common actual causes of In 2000, the most common actual causes of death in the United States were tobacco death in the United States were tobacco (435,000), poor diet and physical inactivity (435,000), poor diet and physical inactivity (400,000), and alcohol consumption (85,000).(400,000), and alcohol consumption (85,000).

John Kerry opposed George Bush for President John Kerry opposed George Bush for President of the United States in the 2004 election.of the United States in the 2004 election.

More than 1 in 5 gun owners with children under More than 1 in 5 gun owners with children under 18 said that they stored their weapons loaded.18 said that they stored their weapons loaded.

Document or Not?Document or Not? You are writing new insights about your own You are writing new insights about your own

experiences.experiences.

You use some information like an opinion, from You use some information like an opinion, from a source without ever quoting it directly.a source without ever quoting it directly.

You have no other way of expressing the exact You have no other way of expressing the exact meaning of a text without using the original meaning of a text without using the original source verbatim.source verbatim.

The quote you want to use is too long, so you The quote you want to use is too long, so you leave out a couple of phrases. leave out a couple of phrases.

From Owl Online at Purdue University http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html

Tips to Avoid Plagiarism Tips to Avoid Plagiarism

Learn to use the research tools available Learn to use the research tools available to you –not just the webto you –not just the web

Expect to make trips to the library –You’ll Expect to make trips to the library –You’ll need more than just the web from home.need more than just the web from home.

Allow time for reading, note taking, Allow time for reading, note taking, outlining etc.outlining etc.

Note taking: What Note taking: What Should I Write Down?Should I Write Down?

Anything and Everything Anything and Everything that will help you explain that will help you explain or describe your thesis or describe your thesis statement or research statement or research question.question.

ParaphrasingParaphrasing Original Text from Original Text from The New The New

Century HandbookCentury Handbook*:*: Original TextOriginal Text " Newsgroups are, in effect, " Newsgroups are, in effect,

virtual bulletin boards open to virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to anyone who cares to participate. If you're coping participate. If you're coping with an illness or want to with an illness or want to exchange views about a exchange views about a medical topic, you'll want to medical topic, you'll want to find your way to a newsgroup. find your way to a newsgroup. Newsgroups in my opinion are Newsgroups in my opinion are the best source of medical the best source of medical information" (Schwartz 28). information" (Schwartz 28).

Example of Attempted Example of Attempted Paraphrase That Is Paraphrase That Is Classified as PlagiarismClassified as Plagiarism

Based on the quotation Based on the quotation opposite: opposite: Whenever you Whenever you are dealing with a disease are dealing with a disease or need to talk about a or need to talk about a medical subject, your best medical subject, your best source of information is a source of information is a newsgroup. . . . newsgroup. . . .

Common Errors in Paraphrasing: If you follow the sentence structure of your source, only changing words here and there, you are not paraphrasing but plagiarizing. From The Bridgewater College Online Research Guide (http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.htm)

SummarizingSummarizing Original Text from Original Text from The New The New

Century HandbookCentury Handbook*:*: Original TextOriginal Text " Newsgroups are, in effect, virtual " Newsgroups are, in effect, virtual

bulletin boards open to anyone bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. If you're who cares to participate. If you're coping with an illness or want to coping with an illness or want to exchange views about a medical exchange views about a medical topic, you'll want to find your way topic, you'll want to find your way to a newsgroup. Newsgroups in to a newsgroup. Newsgroups in my opinion are the best source of my opinion are the best source of medical information" (Schwartz medical information" (Schwartz 28).28).

Newsgroups, online discussion Newsgroups, online discussion groups open to any participant, groups open to any participant, are the best resource for are the best resource for anyone concerned about anyone concerned about specific medical issuesspecific medical issues

Common Errors in Summarizing: If your summary is as long as the original text, it is not a summary. It is important that your summary accurately represents the text; do not change the ideas of the original text by leaving out significant points .(http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.htm)

QuotationsQuotations Original Text from Original Text from The New The New

Century HandbookCentury Handbook*:*: Original TextOriginal Text " Newsgroups are, in effect, " Newsgroups are, in effect,

virtual bulletin boards open to virtual bulletin boards open to anyone who cares to participate. anyone who cares to participate. If you're coping with an illness or If you're coping with an illness or want to exchange views about a want to exchange views about a medical topic, you'll want to find medical topic, you'll want to find your way to a newsgroup. your way to a newsgroup. Newsgroups in my opinion are Newsgroups in my opinion are the best source of medical the best source of medical information" (Schwartz 28).information" (Schwartz 28).

Quotation, introducedQuotation, introduced People concerned about People concerned about

medical issues may find it medical issues may find it helpful to look for a relevant helpful to look for a relevant newsgroup. Schwartz points newsgroup. Schwartz points out that, “Newsgroups are out that, “Newsgroups are the best source of medical the best source of medical information“(Schwartz 28)information“(Schwartz 28)

Common Errors in Quoting: If you misquote your source, you are not making fully ethical use of that source. Be sure to closely check every word and punctuation mark in the original text. Do not quote very long passages; consider using a combination of quoting, summarizing, and paraphrasing to represent the argument or information presented in the original text. From The Bridgewater College Online Research Guide (http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.htm)

WHEN IN DOUBT…WHEN IN DOUBT…CITE YOUR CITE YOUR SOURCE !SOURCE !

BibliographyBibliography

Avoiding Plagiarism - Duke Libraries -- Guide to Library Avoiding Plagiarism - Duke Libraries -- Guide to Library ResearchResearch http://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/plagiarism2.htmhttp://www.lib.duke.edu/libguide/plagiarism2.htm

The Bridgewater College Online Research Guide The Bridgewater College Online Research Guide http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.http://www.bridgewater.edu/WritingCenter/manual/paraphrase.htmhtm

The Harvard College Statement on Misuse of Sources The Harvard College Statement on Misuse of Sources http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~expos/sources/chap3.htmlhttp://www.fas.harvard.edu/~expos/sources/chap3.html

On Plagiarism, On Plagiarism, http://www.2learn.ca/mapset/SafetyNet/plagiarism/cqc.htmlhttp://www.2learn.ca/mapset/SafetyNet/plagiarism/cqc.html

Owl Online at Purdue University, Owl Online at Purdue University, http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/print/research/r_plagiar.html