PKU3105 Adjectives

8/3/2019 PKU3105 Adjectives

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W MOHD TALQIFF IMAN BIN WAN AHMAD RAFIDI

PK/ PJ/ BM

SEM. 3/ 2011


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What is an adjective?yAn adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by

describing, identifying, or quantifying words

yAn adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronounwhich it modifies


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yAdjectives usually answer three questions about the

nouns they describe :-y What kind of?

y I found a redrose in the cave.

y What kind of rose? Red.

y How many?

y Three tickets, please.

y How many tickets? Three.

y Whichone(s)?

y I would eat these muffins.

y Which muffins? These.


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Type of Adjective

y Possessive Adjectives

y Demonstrative Adjectivesy Interrogative Adjectives

y Common Adjectives

y Proper Adjectives


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Possessive Adjectivesy Apossessive adjective ("my," "your," "his," "her," "its,"

"our," "their") is similar or identical to a possessive pronoun

y However, it is used as an adjective and modifies a noun ora noun phrase, as in the following sentences:

y I can't complete myassignment because I don't have the textbook.

y In this sentence, the possessive adjective "my" modifies"assignment


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y What is your phone number.

y Here the possessive adjective "your" is used to modifythe noun phrase "phone number

y We have lost ourway in this wood.

y In this sentence, the possessive adjective "our"modifies "way"


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Demonstrative adjectivey this, that, these, those are called demonstrative adjectives.

y

They point out nouns.

y They always answer the question whichone?

y Example:

y Lets playthis game and later watch that movie.

y This apartment needs to be fumigated.

y Here, "this" modifies apartment and game & thatmodifies movie


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Interrogative Adjectives

y An interrogative adjective ("which" or "what") is like aninterrogative pronoun

y Except that it modifies a noun or noun phrase rather thanstanding on its owny Which plants should be watered twice a week?

yLike other adjectives, "which" can be used to modify a nounor a noun phrase

y In this example, "which" modifies "plants"


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Common adjective

yA simple, regular adjective

y It describes a noun in a general way

y Example :

y sharp, flexible, hot, red, hidden, dripping, nice, huge,small, big, tall,


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Proper adjectivey Derived from a proper noun and is capitalized

y Proper noun Proper adjectivey

China Chinesey California Californiany Mars Martiany Spain Spanishy Christianity Christiany Japan Japanesey

Hollywood ollywoody Texas Texas

y Sometimes, as in last two examples, a proper noun does not change atall to become a proper adjective.


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Where an adjective goes in a

sentence.y Usually an adjective comes in front of the noun it is

describing.

y

The big balloon floated over the darksea.

yAn adjective can also come after a linking verb like tobe, and describe the subject of the sentence.

y In this case it is called predicate adjective.y The balloon was dark.


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Comparison of adjectivesy Positive degree the simplest form.

y Comparative degree comparing two things or

persons.y Superlative degree comparing three or more things

or persons.

Positive Comparative SuperlativeLargeHorrible

LargerMore horrible

LargestMost horrible


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How to compare adjectivesyAdd -erand -est to short adjectives of one syllable

(sometimes two syllables)

Positive Comparative Superlative

short shorter shortest

great greater greatest

small smaller smallest

Old older oldest


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y If a short adjective ends with consonant and y, change

they to i and adder

andest.


lucky luckier luckiest

heavy heavier heaviest

ugly uglier ugliest

happy happier happiest


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y If a short adjective ends with e, add -erand -st.


fine finer Finest

little littler littlest


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y Put more(less) and most(least) in front of longer

adjectives (with two or more syllables) to showcomparison.


appealing Less appealing Least appealing

remarkable More remarkable Most remarkable

beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful

alert More alert Most alert

Ifyouare uncertainwhethertoadderandest ortousemore andmost, thencheckdictionary.

Inmostcases,youcantrustyourears.


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y Some adjectives are irregular adjectives and don't followthee rules.

y They change form considerably from one degree to thenext.

List of irregular adjectives


bad worse worst

far further Furthest

far farther Farthest

good better Best

many more Most

Well (healthy) better best

Never use eror est at the same time youuse more or most.These are incorrect: more shorter, most

alertest


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Incomparable adjectivesy Some adjectives cannot be compared because the

positive (simplest) form expresses the only degree

possible.

y List of incomparable adjectives:

y perfect, unique, fatal, universal, dead, wrong, straight,

blind, final, vertical, right, left

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PKU3105 Adjectives