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Abstract

Like other disciplines of knowledge, scholars have also sifted the world of mysticism

to classify it with various terms. The purpose of this endeavour is in fact to simplify

the complexities of mystical thought and the spiritual insight of the mystics.

Ibn-e-Arabi is regarded as the founder of mystical terms and metaphors. After him,

Hazrat Imam Rabbani Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi played a significant role to make these

terms known to the world and used them in his writings. Later, many other Muslim

scholars wrote books on terminology of mystical philosophy. At present, there are

numerous books available in Arabic, Persian, Urdu and English on the terminology of

Tasawwuf. These books are highly valuable in interpreting the mystical philosophy

and its terms.

Keywords: Tasawwuf, Terminology, Ibn-e-Arabi

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Language

Tongue Language A Plate of Language

What is the ? Fever Potato cost of this potato fever

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Acamel driver, A prophet, A Prince

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(i) Historical Dictionary of Sofism:

Scarecrow John Renard

Introduction

"Sufism was once reality without a name, and now it has become a name

without a reality" lamented a reveved Sufi nearly a millennium ago, already pining

for the "good old day". That ancient observer was talking about a rich complex

religious and cultural phenomenon, an acpect of the tradition known as Islam, that

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he and his contemporary Sufis had already long understood to be rooted in the very

beginnings of the Islamic faith. An insight into what he meant will unfold in the next

few pages(37)

Abrar Translitrate

Khirqa See Friends of God

C See Clock

Cloak. Also called the "Patched Frock", the khirqa ("Rag") or

muraqqa'a ("assembled from pieces") is an article of clothing symbolic

of initiation into Sufi life through the oath of obedience to the shaykh.

Though most Sufis have typical been invested with the cloak as part of

formal ceremonies in institutional settings, some have claimed that they

received the raiment directly from Khidr or some other "spirit-shaykh"

in dreams or visions. Some distinguish between spiritual and material

cloaks. In any case, the garment represents authoritative incorporation

into a Sufi lineage, and source as early as the third / eighth century

spoke of donning the cloak as an indicator that an individual traveled a

distinctive spiritual path. Eventually various orders may have used

different kinds of cloaks to distinguish different ranks within the

organization. Many Sufis trace the origins of the symbolic conferral of a

cloak to the experience of the Prophet himself, upon whom God, and

later Gabriel, bestowed the cloak of poverty. The concept of the

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hereditary symbolism associated with the cloak applies so to other

implements and items of clothing. Some orders also considered the

cloak as a reminder of the burial cloth, symbolic of the individual's

awareness of mortality and death of self. 'Abbasid caliphs and rulers in

Egypt and Syria after them also conferred a special cloak as symbol of

membership in chivalric organizations.

Sirhindi, Ahmed (971/11563-1034/1624). Major Indian religious Scholar and mystical

author from the Punjab, pir of the Naqshbandiya under the Mughal dynasty. As a Sufi

leader he was a politically active, offering advice to rulers concerning needed religious

reforms. And, as his hundreds of letters in Persian suggested, he sustained personal

relationship with a large number of individuals. A major theme in his writing is the

central role of the "renewer" or reformer whom God promised to raise up each

(Islamic) century and whose function was, in effect, to extend the influence of the

Prophets beyond the age of Prophetic revelation. His followers named him the

"renewer (Mujaddid of the age" and his branch of the order came to be known as

the Mujaddidiya. The concept of intoxication play a signal role in his theory of how

Friends of God model mystical experience.

Pakistan. Modern nation-state founded in 1367/1947 with the "partition" of India

for the express purpose of segregating Muslims and Hindu populations. Originally

comprised of "western" and "eastern" sections, Pakistan was split again when

"eastern Pakistan" secede din 191/1971 to become the nation-state of Bangladesh.

The city of Lahore was home to a number of important Sufis during medieval and

early modern times, and the provinces of Sindh and Punjab (two of the Nation's

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four) boast their own long traditions of mystical poetry in several vernacular. In

addition a number of Pakistan's major Persian and Urdu language literary figures

were Sufis. Among the most prominent on modern items if Sir Muhammad Iqbal,

and the Qadiriya is perhaps the most influential order still active in Pakistan.

Glossary Billiography Glossary

yar (p): Friend, whether human divine, Abu Bakr called "Friend of the cave"

"P"

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(37) John Renard, Historical Dictionary of Sofis Oxford, 2005, p.1

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