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Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
ENDOCRINE UPDATES Shlomo Melmed, M.D., Series Editor
1. E.R. Levin and J.L. Nadler (eds.): Endocrinology of Cardiovascular Function. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8217-X
2. J.A. Fagin (ed.): Thyroid Cancer. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8326-5
3. J.S. Adams and B.P. Lukert (eds.): Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8366-4.
4. B.-Ä. Bengtsson (ed.): Growth Hormone. 1999. ISBN: 0-7923-8478-4
5. C. Wang (ed.): Male Reproductive Function. 1999. ISBN 0-7923-8520-9
6. B. Rapoport and S.M. McLachlan (eds.): Graves' Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 2000. ISBN: 0-7923-7790-7.
7. W. W. de Herder (ed.): Functional and Morphological Imaging of the Endocrine System. 2000. ISBN 0-7923-7923-9
8. H.G. Burger (ed.): Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7965-9
9. A . Giustina (ed.): Growth Hormone and the Heart. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7212-3
10. W.L. Lowe, Jr. (ed.): Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7252-2
11. J.F. Habener and M . A . Hussain (eds.): Molecular Basis of Pancreas Development and Function. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7271-9
12. N . Horseman (ed.): Prolactin. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7290-5
13. M . Castro (ed.): Transgenic Models in Endocrinology. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7344-8
14. R. Bahn (ed.): Thyroid Eye Disease. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7380-4
15. M.D. Bronstein (ed.): Pituitary Tumors in Pregnancy ISBN 0-7923-7442-8
16. K. Sandberg and S.E. Mulroney (eds.): RNA Binding Proteins: New Concepts in Gene Regulation. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7612-9
17. V . Goffin and P. A. Kelly (eds.): Hormone Signaling. 2002 ISBN 0-7923-7660-9
18. M . C. Sheppard and P. M . Stewart (eds.): Pituitary Disease. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-7122-1
19. N . Chattopadhyay and E .M. Brown (eds.): Calcium-Sensing Receptor. 2002. ISBN 1-4020-7314-3
20. H. Vaudry and A. Arimura (eds.): Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide. 2002. ISBN: 1-4020-7306-2
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide
edited by
Hubert Vaudry European Institute for Peptide Research
INSERM Unit 413 University of Rouen
Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
and
Akira Arimura US Japan Biomedial Research Laboratories
Tulane University Belle Chasse, Louisiana, USA
Springer Science+Business Media, L L C
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A CLP. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-4613-4983-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-0243-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-0243-2
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Edited by: Hubert Vaudry and Akira Arimura
Copyright © 2003 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2003
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without the written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
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Printed on acid-free paper.
The Publisher offers discounts on this book for course use and bulk purchases. For further information, send email to [email protected].
CONTENTS
List of contributors vii
Preface xv H. Vaudry and A. Arimura
PACAP: Discovery, Gene, Receptors 1 A. Arimura
2 Molecular Evolution ofPACAP Precursor and PACAP Receptors 25 B.K.C. Chow, R.T.K. Pang and S.S.M. Ng
3 Development of Selective Ligands for PACl, VPACl and VPAC2 Receptors 49 P. Robberecht, P. Vertongen, 1. Langer and J. Perret
4 Molecular Pharmacology and Structure-Function Analysis of PACAPNIP Receptors 69 M. Laburthe, A. Couvineau and P. Nicole
5 PACAP Receptor Signaling 95 S. Shioda, CJ.1. Zhou and H. Ohtaki and T. Yada
6 Function ofPACAP in the Central Nervous System 125 BJ. Gonzalez, D. Vaudry, M. Basille, C. Rousselle, A. Falluel-Morel and H. Vaudry
7 Function ofPACAP in the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Complex 153 M.Malagon, J.P. Castano, S. Garcia-Navarro, A.J. Martinez-Fuentes and F. Gracia-Navarro
8 PACAP in the Endocrine Pancreas 185 B. Ahren
9 Function of PACAP in the Adrenal Cortex 207 G.G. Nussdorfer
vi
10 PACAP : An 'Emergency Response' Co-Transmittter in the Adrenal Medulla 227 C. Hamelink, E. Weihe and L.E. Eiden
11 PACAP in the Urogenital Tract 251 J. Fahrenkrug, J. Hannibal and S. Gras
12 Function ofPACAP in the Cardiovascular System 277 A. Miyata
13 Function of P ACAP in the Respiratory System 289 lC. Prieto
14 Function ofPACAP in the Immune System 305 M. Delgado, J. Leceta and R.P. Gomariz
15 PACAP Receptor Knockout and Transgenics. What Have We Learnt? 323 P. Brabet, F. Jamen, N. Rodriguez-Henche, G. Bertrand and l Bockaert
16 Consequences ofPACAP Gene Knockout 347 N.M. Sherwood, S.L. Gray and K.J. Cummings
17 The Biological Significance ofPACAP and PACAP Receptors in Human Tumors : From Cell Lines to Cancers 361 V. Lelievre, N. Pineau and lA. Waschek
Index 401
CONTRIBUTORS
BoAhren Department of Medicine, Lund University, Bll BMC S-22184 Lund, Sweden [email protected]
Akira Arimura US-Japan Biomedical Research Laboratories, Hebert Research Center, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, 3705 Main Street, Building 30, Belle Chasse LA 70037-3001, USA [email protected]
Magali Basille European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University ofRouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France [email protected]
Gyslaine Bertrand CNRS UPR 9023, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France [email protected]
Joel Bockaert CNRS UPR 9023, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France [email protected]
Philippe Brabet Neurobiologie de l'Audition - Plasticite Synaptique, INSERM U 254, 71 rue de Navacelles, 34094 Montpellier, France [email protected]
Justo P. Castano Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-6 3a Planta, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain [email protected]
viii
Billy K.C. Chow Zoology Department, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China [email protected]
Alain Couvineau Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie et Biologie Cellulaire Digestives, INSERM U 410, Faculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat, 16, rue Henri Huchard, POB 416, 75870 Paris, France [email protected]
Kevin J. Cummings Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada [email protected]
Mario Delgado Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Compultense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain [email protected]
LeeE. Eiden Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, 36 Convent Drive, MSC 4090 Bethesda, MD 20892-4090, USA [email protected]
Jan Fahrenkrug Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copehagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected]
Anthony Falluel-Morel European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University ofRouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France [email protected]
Socorro Garcia-Navarro Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-6 3a Planta, 14071 Cordoba, Spain [email protected]
Francisco Gracia-Navarro Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-6 3a Planta, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain [email protected]
Rosa P. Gomariz Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Compultense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain [email protected]
Bruno Gonzalez European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France [email protected]
Soren Gras Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copehagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected]
Sarah L. Gray Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada [email protected]
Carol Hamelink Section on Molecular Neuroscience, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Regulation, 36 Convent Drive, MSC 4090 Bethesda, MD 20892-4090, USA [email protected]
Jens Hannibal Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copehagen, 2400 Copenhagen, Denmark [email protected]
ix
x
Fran~oise Jamen University College London, Wolfson Institute of Biomedical Research, Cruciform Building, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, United Kingdom [email protected]
Marc Laburthe Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie et Biologie Cellulaire Digestives lNSERM U 410, Facult6 de M6decine Xavier Bichat, 16, rue Henri Huchard, POB 416, 75870 Paris, France [email protected]
Ingrid Langer University of Brussels - ULB, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, CP 611, Building GE B-I070 Brussels, Belgium [email protected]
Javier Leceta Department of Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Compultense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain [email protected]
Vincent Lelievre Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [email protected]
Maria M. Malagon Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-6 3a Planta, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain bc [email protected]
Antonio J. Martinez-Fuentes Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio C-6 3a Planta, University of Cordoba, 14071 Cordoba, Spain [email protected]
Atsuro Miyata Department of Pharmacology, Kagoshima University School of Medicine, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan [email protected]
Samuel S.M. Ng Zoology Department, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China [email protected]
Pascal Nicole Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie et Biologie Cellulaire Digestives, INSERM U 410, Faculte de Medecine Xavier Bichat, 16, rue Henri Huchard, POB 416, 75870 Paris, France [email protected]
Gastone G. Nussdorfer University of Padova, Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology Section Anatomy, Via A. Gabelli, 65, 35121 Padova, Italy [email protected]
Hirokazu Ohtaki Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan [email protected]
Ronald T.K. Pang Zoology Department, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China [email protected]
Jason Perret University of Brussels - ULB, Faculty of Medicine Laboratory of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition CP 611, Building GE B-I070 Brussels, Belgium [email protected]
xi
xii
Nicolas Pineau Universite de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 6558 Laboratoire de Biologie des Interactions Cellulaires 40, avenue du Recteur Pineau 86022 Poitiers, France [email protected]
Juan Carlos Prieto University of Alcala, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Spain [email protected]
Patrick Robberecht University of Brussels - ULB, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, CP 611, Building GE, B-I070 Brussels, Belgium [email protected]
Nieves Rodriguez-Henche Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Biology, University of Alcala E-28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain [email protected]
Cecile Rousselle European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23) Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University of Rouen 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France [email protected]
Nancy M. Sherwood Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada [email protected]
Seiji Shioda Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan [email protected]
Pascal Vertongen University of Brussels - ULB, Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Biological Chemistry and Nutrition, CP 611, Building GE B-I070 Brussels, Belgium [email protected]
David Vaudry European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University ofRouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France david. [email protected]
Hubert Vaudry European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, INSERM U413, UA CNRS, University ofRouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France hubert. [email protected]
James A. Waschek Mental Retardation Research Center, University of California at Los Angeles, 740 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA [email protected]
Eberhard Weihe Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Clinics of Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany [email protected]
Toshihiko Yada Department of Physiology, Jichi Medical School, Minamikawachi, Kawachi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan [email protected]
Chen-Ji Zhou Department of Anatomy, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 142-8555, Japan [email protected]
xiii
PREFACE
Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (P ACAP) is undoubtedly one of the most fascinating neuropeptides ever identified. P ACAP belongs to the largest family of regulatory peptides, which comprises several other prominent neuroendocrine peptides including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, secretin, glucagon, growth hormonereleasing hormone, and parathyroid hormone. The structural and physiological relationships of these paralogues, as well as their receptors, provide a unique model for investigating the processes of molecular evolution leading to the diversification of multigene families. The primary structure of P ACAP has been remarkably well conserved from the sea squirt to humans, suggesting that this peptide must be involved in vital functions throughout the animal kingdom. Indeed, P ACAP appears to be implicated in a large array of physiological processes such as development, growth, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, reproductive and digestive functions, immune responses, and circadian rhythms. There is also clear evidence that P ACAP exerts both trophic and antiproliferative effects on normal and tumor cells. The beneficial influence of P ACAP agonists and antagonists in various pathological states including heart failure, ischemia, asthma, impotence and cancer has motivated the development of novel selective P ACAP ligands that could potentially be used as antihypertensive, neuroprotective, bronchodilatory, vasodilatory and/or antiproliferative drugs. The occurrence of multiple P ACAP receptor subtypes and spliced isoforms that exhibit tissue-specific expression and possess differential affinity for various ligands, generates hopes for the development of new therapeutic agents acting selectively on the desired target cells.
It is, therefore, a great privilege to edit the first monograph devoted to P ACAP. The different chapters of this book cover the current knowledge about this fascinating neuropeptide, from the molecular characterization of the P ACAP gene and P ACAP receptors to the elucidation of the physiological activities and possible therapeutic value of the peptide. We are indebted to the authors of these chapters who have enthusiastically participated in this enterprise. Their outstanding contributions to their field of expertise will certainly establish this book as a reference that should motivate other scientists and students to join the family of PACAP investigators. We would also like to take this opportunity to thank our collaborators, postdoctoral fellows and students whose contributions have been instrumental in the progress of our research projects on PACAP.
Hubert Vaudry, Ph.D., D. Sc. Akira Arimura, Ph.D., M.D.
