PISTILPISTIL

the term for the the term for the female central female central reproductive organ in reproductive organ in which the other flower which the other flower parts are arranged parts are arranged

StigmaStigma

part of a pistil which has no outer layer of “skin”, and is fitted to receive the pollen

the part of the pistil the part of the pistil that is a tube-like that is a tube-like figure extending figure extending from the stigma from the stigma

OVARYOVARY The ovule-bearing The ovule-bearing

lower part of a lower part of a pistil that ripens pistil that ripens into a fruit into a fruit

Ovary

The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a

The pollen-producing reproductive organ of a

flower, usually consisting of a filament and an anther

flower, usually consisting of a filament and an anther

StamenStamen

AntherAnther

the pollen-the pollen-bearing part of bearing part of a stamena stamen

FilamentFilament the stalk like portion of a stamen supporting the antherthe stalk like portion of a stamen supporting the anther

Guard cellGuard cell

One of the paired One of the paired epidermal cells epidermal cells that control the that control the opening and opening and closing of a closing of a stoma in plant stoma in plant tissue tissue

StomataStomata tiny tiny

openings openings in the in the “skin” of a “skin” of a plant, plant, through through which which gases and gases and water water vapor pass vapor pass

XylemXylem

The system of vessels that transports The system of vessels that transports water in a plant water in a plant

PhloemPhloem

The system of vessels in a plant The system of vessels in a plant that carries food from the leaves that carries food from the leaves to the rest of the plant to the rest of the plant

GymnospermGymnosperm

A plant, A plant, such as a such as a cycad or cycad or conifer, conifer, whose whose seeds are seeds are not not enclosed enclosed within an within an ovaryovary

AngiospermAngiosperm

a plant having its seeds enclosed in an a plant having its seeds enclosed in an ovary; a flowering plant ovary; a flowering plant

Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

the system of organs and the system of organs and tissues, including the heart, tissues, including the heart, blood, blood vessels, lymph, blood, blood vessels, lymph, lymphatic vessels, and lymph lymphatic vessels, and lymph glands, involved in circulating glands, involved in circulating blood and lymph through the blood and lymph through the body body

Digestive systemDigestive system

The alimentary canal The alimentary canal together with the salivary together with the salivary glands, liver, pancreas, and glands, liver, pancreas, and other organs of digestion other organs of digestion

Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

The bodily system The bodily system that consists of that consists of the endocrine the endocrine glands and glands and functions to functions to regulate body regulate body activities activities

Excretory systemExcretory system

the system that removes the system that removes wastes from the body and wastes from the body and regulates water in the bodyregulates water in the body

Immune SystemImmune System The integrated body The integrated body

system of organs, system of organs, tissues, cells, and cell tissues, cells, and cell products such as products such as antibodies that antibodies that differentiates self from differentiates self from nonself and neutralizes nonself and neutralizes potentially harmful potentially harmful bacteria organisms or bacteria organisms or

substancessubstances

Integumenatry SystemIntegumenatry System

The bodily system The bodily system consisting of the skin consisting of the skin and its associated and its associated structures, such as structures, such as the hair, nails, and the hair, nails, and sweat glandssweat glands

Muscular SystemMuscular System

All the All the muscles of muscles of the body the body collectively, collectively, especially especially the voluntary the voluntary skeletal skeletal musclesmuscles

Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

system that consists of the system that consists of the bones, their associated bones, their associated cartilages, and the joints, cartilages, and the joints, and supports and protects and supports and protects the body, produces blood the body, produces blood cells, and stores minerals cells, and stores minerals

Nervous SystemNervous System

the system of nerves and nerve centers in an the system of nerves and nerve centers in an animal or human, including the brain, spinal animal or human, including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves cord, and nerves

Reproductive SystemReproductive System

The complex of male or female The complex of male or female gonads, associated ducts, and gonads, associated ducts, and external genitalia concerned external genitalia concerned with sexual reproduction with sexual reproduction

Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

The integrated The integrated system of organs system of organs involved in the involved in the intake and intake and exchange of exchange of oxygen and carbon oxygen and carbon dioxide between an dioxide between an organism and the organism and the environment environment

BacteriaBacteria

Microorganisms Microorganisms made up of a made up of a single cell that single cell that has no distinct has no distinct nucleus. nucleus. Bacteria are Bacteria are living living organisms.organisms.

AntibioticAntibiotic ““against life” A against life” A

substance substance produced by or produced by or derived from derived from certain fungi, certain fungi, bacteria, and other bacteria, and other organisms, that organisms, that can destroy or stop can destroy or stop the growth of other the growth of other microorganisms microorganisms

VirusVirus

a strand of a strand of nucleic acid nucleic acid encased in a encased in a protein coat that protein coat that can infect cells can infect cells and replicate with and replicate with them. Viruses them. Viruses must have a host must have a host cell to survive cell to survive and to reproduce.and to reproduce.

AIDSAIDS

Acquired Immune Acquired Immune deficiency deficiency syndrome - An syndrome - An infectious disease infectious disease of the immune of the immune system caused by system caused by an human an human immunodeficiency immunodeficiency virus (HIV) virus (HIV)

Host CellHost Cell

a living cell in which a virus reproducesa living cell in which a virus reproduces

Lytic CycleLytic Cycle

one of the one of the two cycles two cycles of viral of viral reproductionreproduction

Lysogenic CycleLysogenic Cycle

The The lysogenic cyclelysogenic cycle is complementary to is complementary to the lytic the lytic cyclecycle for viral entry and for viral entry and reproduction within cells reproduction within cells

RetrovirusesRetroviruses

an RNA virus an RNA virus that is that is replicated in replicated in a host cella host cell that that produce produce DNA from its DNA from its RNA genomeRNA genome

Natural SelectionNatural Selection

Survival of the fittestSurvival of the fittest

AdaptationAdaptation

The ability to change over a period of timeThe ability to change over a period of time

HUMAN

BehaviorBehavior

The actions displayed by an organism in The actions displayed by an organism in response to its environment response to its environment

ExtinctionExtinction

coming to an end or dying out coming to an end or dying out

PhylogenyPhylogeny

the the development development or evolution of or evolution of a particular a particular group of group of organisms organisms

SpeciationSpeciation

The evolutionary The evolutionary formation of new formation of new biological species, biological species, usually by the usually by the division of a single division of a single species into two or species into two or more genetically more genetically distinct onesdistinct ones

CladogramCladogram

a diagram a diagram depicting the depicting the change from change from the organisms the organisms ancestorsancestors

ATPATP

Adenosine Triphosphate - A key energy-Adenosine Triphosphate - A key energy-carrying molecule in biological systems carrying molecule in biological systems

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

the process the process in which in which organisms organisms use light use light energy to energy to produce produce ATP and ATP and other other organic organic molecules molecules from from inorganic inorganic moleculesmolecules

RespirationRespiration

The uptake The uptake of carbon of carbon dioxide and dioxide and the the exhaling of exhaling of oxygen at oxygen at the same the same timetime

MetabolismMetabolism

the sum of all the chemical processes occurring the sum of all the chemical processes occurring in an organism, happens in the mitochondriain an organism, happens in the mitochondria

Krebs CycleKrebs Cycle

cyclic biochemical pathway of cellular cyclic biochemical pathway of cellular respiration respiration

Calvin CycleCalvin Cycle

involving carbon involving carbon fixation and fixation and carbohydrate carbohydrate formation and is the formation and is the second major second major pathway in pathway in photosynthesis photosynthesis

Trophic LevelTrophic Level

group of group of organisms organisms that occupy that occupy the same the same position in a position in a food chain food chain

EcosystemEcosystem a system formed by the interaction of a a system formed by the interaction of a

community of organisms with their community of organisms with their environmentenvironment

Marine Life Ecosystem

BiomeBiome

a major type of terrestrial ecological a major type of terrestrial ecological community such as a grassland or a community such as a grassland or a desert desert

Food ChainFood Chain

the chain the chain from a food from a food source to source to the ultimate the ultimate consumer consumer

Food PyramidFood Pyramid

successive levels of successive levels of predation in a food chain predation in a food chain represented schematically represented schematically as a pyramid because as a pyramid because upper levels normally upper levels normally consist of decreasing consist of decreasing numbers of larger predatorsnumbers of larger predators

Food WebFood Web

complex of interrelated food chains in an complex of interrelated food chains in an ecological community ecological community

PredationPredation

The The capturing of capturing of prey as a prey as a means of means of maintaining maintaining lifelife

SymbiosisSymbiosis the living together of two dissimilar the living together of two dissimilar

organisms, as in mutualism,organisms, as in mutualism,commensalism, or parasitism commensalism, or parasitism

CommensalismCommensalism

A symbiotic relationship in A symbiotic relationship in which one organism which one organism derives benefit and the derives benefit and the other is unharmedother is unharmed

MutualismMutualism

An association An association between between organisms of two organisms of two different species different species in which each in which each member benefits member benefits

ParasitismParasitism

a relation between organisms in which one a relation between organisms in which one lives as a parasite on another lives as a parasite on another

Carbon CycleCarbon Cycle the cycle of carbon the cycle of carbon

in living beings in in living beings in which carbon which carbon dioxide is fixed by dioxide is fixed by photosynthesis to photosynthesis to form organic form organic nutrients and is nutrients and is ultimately restored ultimately restored to the inorganic to the inorganic state by respiration state by respiration and protoplasmic and protoplasmic decay decay

Greenhouse EffectGreenhouse Effect

heating of a planet heating of a planet caused by the caused by the trapping of heat trapping of heat energy by the energy by the carbon dioxide carbon dioxide trapping heat trapping heat

Water CycleWater Cycle The cycle of evaporation and The cycle of evaporation and

condensation that controls condensation that controls the distribution of the earth's the distribution of the earth's water as it evaporates from water as it evaporates from bodies of water, condenses, bodies of water, condenses, precipitates, and returns to precipitates, and returns to those bodies of water those bodies of water

the continuous sequence the continuous sequence of events by which of events by which atmospheric nitrogen and atmospheric nitrogen and nitrogenous compounds nitrogenous compounds in the soil are converted, in the soil are converted, as by nitrification and as by nitrification and nitrogen fixation, into nitrogen fixation, into substances that can be substances that can be utilized by green plants, utilized by green plants, the substances returning the substances returning to the air and soil as a to the air and soil as a result of the decay of the result of the decay of the plants and denitrification plants and denitrification

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen Cycle