Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 1Archive DocumentationPIPE59 Immersed Pipe or CableMP ME ST PP EME MFSProduct RestrictionsPIPE59 Element DescriptionAlthough this legacy element is available for use in your analysis, ANSYS recommends using a current-technology element such as PIPE288. To apply ocean loading using PIPE288, issue the SOCEAN and ocean commands (OCxxxxxx) .PIPE59 is a uniaxial element with tension-compression, torsion, and bending capabilities, and with member forces simulating ocean waves and current. The element has six degrees of freedom at each node: translations in the nodal x, y, and z directions and rotations about the nodal x, y, and z-axes. The element loads include the hydrodynamic and buoyant effects of the water and the element mass includes the added mass of the water and the pipe internals. A cable representation option is also available with the element. The element has stress stiffening and large deflection capabilities.Figure 59.1PIPE59 GeometryFeature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 2PIPE59 Input DataThe geometry, node locations, and the coordinate system for this element are shown in Figure 59.1. The element input data (see "PIPE59 Input Summary") includes two nodes, the pipe outer diameter and wall thickness, certain loading and inertial information (described in Table 59.1: PIPE59 Real Constants and Figure 59.2), and the isotropic material properties. An external "insulation" may be defined to represent ice loads or biofouling. The material VISC is used only to determine Reynolds number of the fluid outside the pipe.The element x-axis is oriented from node I toward node J. The element y-axis is automatically calculated to be parallel to the global X-Y plane. Several orientations are shown in Figure 59.1. For the case where the element is parallel to the global Z-axis (or within a 0.01 percent slope of it), the element y-axis is oriented parallel to the global Y-axis (as shown). Input and output locations around the pipe circumference identified as being at 0 are located along the element y-axis, and similarly 90 is along the element Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 3z-axis.Figure 59.2PIPE59 GeometryKEYOPT(1) may be used to convert the element to the cable option by deleting the bending stiffnesses. If the element is not "torque balanced", the twist-tension option may be used (KEYOPT(1) = 2). This option accounts for the twisting induced when a helically wound or armored structure is stretched. The KEYOPT(2) key allows a reduced mass matrix and load vector formulation (with rotational degrees of freedom terms deleted as described in the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference). This formulation is useful for suppressing large deflections and improving bending stresses in long, slender members. It is also often used with the twist-tension pipe option for cable structures.The description of the waves, the current, and the water density are input through the water motion table. The water motion table is associated with a material number and is explained in detail in Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table. If the water motion table is not input, no water is assumed to surround the pipe. Note that even though the word "water" is used to describe various input quantities, the quantities may actually be characteristic of any fluid. Alternate drag coefficient and temperature data may also be input through this table.Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 4may also be input through this table.A summary of the element input is given in "PIPE59 Input Summary". A general description of element input is given inElement Input.PIPE59 Input SummaryNodesI, JDegrees of FreedomUX, UY, UZ, ROTX, ROTY, ROTZ if KEYOPT(1) 1, orUX, UY, UZ if KEYOPT(1) = 1Real ConstantsDO, TWALL, CD, CM, DENSO, FSO,CENMPL, CI, CB, CT, ISTR, DENSIN,TKIN, TWISTTENSee Table 59.1: PIPE59 Real Constants for details.Material PropertiesEX, ALPX (or CTEX or THSX), PRXY (or NUXY), DENS, GXY, BETD, ALPD, VISCSurface LoadsPressures -- 1-PINT, 2-PX, 3-PY, 4-PZ, 5-POUTBody LoadsTemperatures -- TOUT(I), TIN(I), TOUT(J), TIN(J) if KEYOPT(3) = 0TAVG(I), T90(I), T180(I), TAVG(J), T90(J), T180(J) if KEYOPT(3) = 1Special FeaturesStress stiffeningFeature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 5Large deflectionBirth and deathKEYOPT(1)Element behavior:0 -- Pipe option1 -- Cable option2 -- Pipe with twist-tension optionKEYOPT(2)Load vector and mass matrix:0 -- Consistent mass matrix and load vector1 -- Reduced mass matrix and load vectorKEYOPT(3)Temperatures represent:0 -- The through-wall gradient1 -- The diametral gradientKEYOPT(5)Wave force modifications:0 -- Waves act on elements at their actual location1 -- Elements are assumed to be at wave peak2 -- Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 6Upward vertical wave velocity acts on element3 -- Downward vertical wave velocity acts on element4 -- Elements are assumed to be at wave troughKEYOPT(6)Member force and moment output:0 -- No printout of member forces or moments2 -- Print member forces and moments in the element coordinate systemKEYOPT(7)Extra element output:0 -- Basic element printout1 -- Additional hydrodynamic integration point printoutKEYOPT(8)End cap loads:0 -- Internal and external pressures cause loads on end caps1 -- Internal and external pressures do not cause loads on end capsKEYOPT(9)PX, PY, and PZ transverse pressures:0 -- Use only the normal component of pressure1 -- Use the full pressure (normal and shear components)Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 7Table 59.1PIPE59 Real ConstantsNo. Name Description1 DOOutside diameter (Do)2 TWALLWall thickness of the pipe (defaults to Do/2.0)3 CDNormal drag coefficient (CD). May be overridden by Constants 43 through 54 of water motion table (see Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table)4 CM Coefficient of inertia (CM)5 DENSO Internal fluid density (used for pressure effect only) (Mass/Length3)6 FSO Z coordinate location of the free surface of the fluid on the inside of the pipe (used for pressure effect only)7 CENMPL Mass per unit length of the internal fluid and additional hardware (used for mass matrix computation)8 CI Added-mass-used/added-mass for circular cross section (if blank or 0, defaults to 1; if CI should be 0.0, enter negative number)9 CB Buoyancy force ratio (Buoyancy-force based on outside diameter and water density) (if blank or 0, defaults to 1; if CB should be 0.0, enter negative number)10 CTCoefficient of tangential drag (CT). May be overridden by Constants 55 through 66 of water motion table (See Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table).Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 811 ISTR Initial strain in axial direction.12 DENSIN Density of external insulation[1].13 TKIN Thickness of external insulation (ti).14 TWISTTEN Twist tension constant (used if KEYOPT(1) = 2) (See Mechanical APDL Theory Reference for more details).1. Density of external insulation (i).PIPE59 Water Motion InformationThe data listed in Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table is entered in the data table with the TB commands. If the table is not input, no water is assumed to surround the pipe. Constants not input are assumed to be zero. If the table is input, ACELZ must also have a positive value and remain constant for all load steps. The constant table is started by using the TB command (with Lab = WATER). Up to 196 constants may be defined with the TBDATA commands. The constants (C1-C196) entered on the TBDATA commands (6 per command) are:where:KWAVE = Wave selection key (see next section)KCRC = Wave/current interaction key (see next section)DEPTH = Depth of water to mud line (DEPTH > 0.0) (Length)DENSW = Water density, w, (DENSW > 0.0) (Mass/Length3)w = Wave direction (see Figure 59.2)Z(j) = Z coordinate of location j of drift current measurement (seeFigure 59.2) (location must be input starting at the ocean floor (Z(1) = -DEPTH) and ending at the Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 9water surface (Z(MAX) = 0.0). If the current does not change with height, only W(1) needs to be defined.)W(j) = Velocity of drift current at location j (Length/Time)d(j) = Direction of drift current at location j (Degrees) (seeFigure 59.2)Re(k) = Twelve Reynolds number values (if used, all 12 must be input in ascending order)CD(k) = Twelve corresponding normal drag coefficients (if used, all 12 must be input)CT(k) = Twelve corresponding tangential drag coefficients (if used, all 12 must be input)T(j) = Temperature at Z(j) water depth (Degrees)A(i) = Wave peak-to-trough height (0.0 A(i) < DEPTH) (Length) (if KWAVE = 2, A(1) is entire wave height and A(2) through A(5) are not used)(i) = Wave period ((i) > 0.0) (Time/Cycle)(i) = Adjustment for phase shift (Degrees)WL(i) = Wave length (0.0 WL(i) < 1000.0*DEPTH) (Length)(default )Use 0.0 with Stokes theory (KWAVE = 2).Table 59.2PIPE59 Water Motion TableConstant Meaning1-5 KWAVE KCRC DEPTH DENSW w7-12 Z(1) W(1) d(1) Z(2) W(2) d(2)Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 1013-18 Z(3) W(3) d(3) Z(4) W(4) d(4)19-24 Z(5) W(5) d(5) Z(6) W(6) d(6)25-30 Z(7) W(7) d(7) Z(8) W(8) d(8)31-36 Re(1) Re(2) Re(3) Re(4) Re(5) Re(6)37-42 Re(7) Re(8) Re(9) Re(10) Re(11) Re(12)43-48 CD(1) CD(2) CD(3) CD(4) CD(5) CD(6)49-54 CD(7) CD(8) CD(9) CD(10) CD(11) CD(12)55-60 CT(1) CT(2) CT(3) CT(4) CT(5) CT(6)61-66 CT(7) CT(8) CT(9) CT(10) CT(11) CT(12)67-72 T(1) T(2) T(3) T(4) T(5) T(6)73-74 T(7) T(8)79-82 A(1) (1) (1) WL(1) For KWAVE = 0, 1, or 2For KWAVE = 2, use only A(1), (1), (1)85-88 A(2) (2) (2) WL(2)etc. etc.193-196 A(20) (20) (20) WL(20)79-81 X(1)/(H*T*G)Not Used(1) For KWAVE = 3 (See Dean for definitions other than (1))85-86 X(2)/(H*T*G)DPT/LOFeature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 1191-92 X(3)/(H*T*G)L/LO97-98 X(4)/(H*T*G)H/DPT103-104 X(5)/(H*T*G)/(G*H*T) 109 X(6)/(H*T*G) etc. etc.193 X(20)/(H*T*G) The distributed load applied to the pipe by the hydrodynamic effects is computed from a generalized Morison's equation. This equation includes the coefficient of normal drag (CD) (perpendicular to the element axis) and the coefficient of tangential drag (CT), both of which are a functions of Reynolds numbers (Re). These values are input as shown in Table 59.1: PIPE59 Real Constants and Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table.The Reynolds numbers are determined from the normal and tangential relative particle velocities, the pipe geometry, the water density, and the viscosity (input as VISC). The relative particle velocities include the effects of water motion due to waves and current, as well as motion of the pipe itself. If both Re(1) and CD(1) are positive, the value of CD from the real constant table (Table 59.1: PIPE59 Real Constants) is ignored and a log-log table based on Constants 31 through 54 of the water motion table (Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table) is used to determine CD. If this capability is to be used, the viscosity, Re, and CD constants must be input and none may be less than or equal to zero.Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 12Similarly, if both Re(1) and CT(1) are positive, the value of CT from the real constant table (Table 59.1: PIPE59 Real Constants) is ignored, and a log-log table based on Constants 31 through 42 and 55 through 66 of the water motion table (Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table) is used to determine CT. If this capability is to be used, the viscosity, Re, and CT constants must be input and none may be less than or equal to zero.Various wave theories may be selected with the KWAVE constant of the water motion table (Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table). These are:Small Amplitude Wave Theory with empirical modification of depth decay function (KWAVE = 0)Small Amplitude Airy Wave Theory without modifications (KWAVE = 1)Stokes Fifth Order Wave Theory (KWAVE = 2)Stream Function Wave Theory (KWAVE = 3).The wave loadings can be altered (KEYOPT(5)) so that horizontal position has no effect on the wave-induced forces.Wave loading depends on the acceleration due to gravity (ACELZ), and itmay not change between substeps or load steps. Therefore, when performing an analysis using load steps with multiple substeps, the gravity may only be "stepped on" [ KBC,1] and not ramped.With the stream function wave theory (KWAVE = 3), the wave is described by alternate Constants 79 through 193 as shown in Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table. The definitions of the constants correspond exactly to those given in the tables inDean for the forty cases of ratio of wave height and water depth to the deep water wave length. The other wave-related constants that the user inputs directly are the water density (DENSW), water depth (DEPTH), wave direction (), and acceleration due to gravity (ACELZ). The wave height, length, and period are inferred from the tables. The user should verify the input by comparing the interpreted results (the columns headed DIMENSIONLESS under the STREAM FUNCTION INPUT VALUES printout) with the data presented in the Dean tables. Note that this wave theory uses the current value Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 13presented in the Dean tables. Note that this wave theory uses the current value defined for time [TIME] (which defaults to 1.0 for the first load step).Several adjustments to the current profile are available with the KCRC constant of the water motion table as shown in Figure 59.3. The adjustments are usually used only when the wave amplitude is large relative to the water depth, such that there is significant wave/current interaction. Options include1. use the current profile (as input) for wave locations below the mean water level and the top current profile value for wave locations above the mean water level (KCRC = 0)2. "stretch" (or compress) the current profile to the top of the wave (KCRC = 1)3. same as (2) but also adjust the current profile horizontally such that total flow continuity is maintained with the input profile (KCRC = 2) (all current directions ((j)) must be the same for this option).Figure 59.3PIPE59 Velocity Profiles for Wave-current InteractionsFeature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 14Element loads are described in Nodal Loading. Pressures may be input as surface loads on the element faces as shown by the circled numbers on Figure 59.1. Internal pressure (PINT) and external pressure (POUT) are input as positive values. These pressures are in addition to the linearly varying pressure of the fluids on the inside and outside of the pipe. In handling the pressures, each element is assumed to be capped (that is, have closed ends). The internal and external pressure loads are designed for closed-loop static pressure environments and therefore include pressure loads on fictitious "end caps" so that the pressure loads induce an axial stress and/or reaction in the pipe system. If a dynamic situation needs to be represented, such as a pipe venting to a lower pressure area or the internal flow is past a constriction in the pipe, these end cap loads may need to be modified by applying a nodal force normal to the cross-section of the pipe with the magnitude representing the change in pressure. Alternatively, the precomputed end cap loads can be removed using KEYOPT(8) = 1 and the appropriate end cap loads added by the user. The transverse pressures (PX, PY, and PZ) may represent wind or drag loads (per unit length of the pipe) and are defined in the global Cartesian directions. Positive transverse pressures act in the positive coordinate directions. The normal component or the projected full pressure may be used (KEYOPT(9)). See the Mechanical APDL Theory Reference for more details.Temperatures may be input as element body loads at the nodes. Temperatures may have wall gradients or diametral gradients (KEYOPT(3)). Diametral gradients are not valid for the cable option. The average wall temperature at = 0 is computed as 2 * TAVG - T(180) and the average wall temperature at = -90 is computed as 2 * TAVG - T(90). The element temperatures are assumed to be linear along the length. The first temperature at node I (TOUT(I) or TAVG(I)) defaults to TUNIF. If all temperatures after the first are unspecified, they default to the first. If all temperatures at node I are input, and all temperatures at node J are unspecified, the node J temperatures default to the corresponding node I temperatures. For any other pattern of input temperatures, unspecified temperatures default to TUNIF.Eight temperatures (T(j)) are read as Constants 67-74 corresponding to the eight water depths (Z(j)) input as Constants 7-30. These temperatures override any other temperature input (except TREF) unless the element is entirely out of the water or if all eight temperatures are input as zero. The thermal load vector from these temperatures Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 15eight temperatures are input as zero. The thermal load vector from these temperatures may not be scaled in a superelement use pass if an expansion pass is to follow. Constants 31 through 66 may have zero values if desired. The temperatures input as Constants 67-74 are used to compute a temperature-dependent viscosity based on linear interpolation (if previous constants are not all zero). In the case of a solid cross section (inside diameter = 0.0), they are also used to compute the material properties of the element.For the mass matrix, the mass per unit length used for axial motion is the mass of the pipe wall (DENS), the external insulation (DENSIN), and the internal fluid together with the added mass of any additional hardware (CENMPL). The mass per unit length used for motion normal to the pipe is all of the above plus the added mass of the external fluid (DENSW).CI should be 1.0 for a circular cross section. Values for other cross sections may be found in McCormick. The user should remember, however, that other properties of PIPE59 are based on a circular cross section.PIPE59 Output DataThe solution output associated with the element is in two forms:Nodal displacements included in the overall nodal solutionAdditional element output as shown in Table 59.3: PIPE59 Element Output DefinitionsSeveral items are illustrated in Figure 59.4. Note that the output is simplified and reduced if the cable option, KEYOPT(1) = 1, is used.The principal stresses are computed at the two points around the circumference where the bending stresses are at a maximum. The principal stresses and the stress intensity include the shear force stress component. The principal stresses and the stress intensity are based on the stresses at two extreme points on opposite sides of the neutral axis. If KEYOPT(6) = 2, the 12-member forces and moments (6 at each end) are also Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 16If KEYOPT(6) = 2, the 12-member forces and moments (6 at each end) are also printed (in the element coordinate system).The axial force (FX) excludes the hydrostatic force component, as does the MFORX member force (printed if KEYOPT(6) = 2). If KWAVE = 2 or 3 (Stokes or Stream Function theory), additional wave information is also printed. If KEYOPT(7) = 1, detailed hydrodynamic information is printed at the immersed integration points. Angles listed in the output are measured () as shown inFigure 59.4. A general description of solution output is given in Solution Output. See the Basic Analysis Guide for ways to view results.Figure 59.4PIPE59 Stress OutputThe Element Output Definitions table uses the following notation:A colon (:) in the Name column indicates that the item can be accessed by the Component Name method (ETABLE, ESOL). The O column indicates the availability of the items in the file Jobname.OUT. The R column indicates the availability of the items in the results file.In either the O or R columns, Y indicates that the item isalways available, a number refers to a table footnote that describes when the item isconditionally available, and - indicates that the item is not available.Table 59.3PIPE59 Element Output DefinitionsFeature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 17Name Definition O REL Element number Y YNODES Nodes - I, J Y YMAT Material number Y YVOLU: Volume - YXC, YC, ZC Location where results are reported - 9LEN Length Y -PRES Pressures PINTE (average effective internal pressure), PX, PY, PZ, POUTE (average effective external pressure)Y YSTH Stress due to maximum thermal gradient through the wall thicknessY YSPR2 Hoop pressure stress for code calculations - 1SMI, SMJ Moment stress at nodes I and J for code calculations - 1SDIR Direct (axial) stress - 1SBEND Maximum bending stress at outer surface - 1ST Shear stress at outer surface due to torsion - 1SSF Shear stress due to shear force - 1S(1MX, 3MN, INTMX, EQVMX)Maximum principal stress, minimum principal stress, maximum stress intensity, maximum equivalent stress (over eight points on the outside surface at both ends of the element)1 1TEMP Temperatures TOUT(I), TIN(I), TOUT(J), TIN(J) 2 2TEMP Temperatures TAVG(I), T90(I), T180(I), TAVG(J), T90(J), T180(J)3 3Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 18S(1, 3, INT, EQV)Maximum principal stress, minimum principal stress, stress intensity, equivalent stress4 4S(AXL, RAD, H, XH)Axial, radial, hoop, and shear stresses 4 4EPEL(AXL, RAD, H, XH)Axial, radial, hoop, and shear strains 4 4EPTH(AXL, RAD, H)Axial, radial, and hoop thermal strain 4 4MFOR(X, Y, Z)Member forces for nodes I and J (in the element coordinate system)7 7MMOM(X, Y, Z)Member moments for nodes I and J (in the element coordinate system)5 5NODE Node I or J 6 6FAXL Axial force (excludes the hydrostatic force) 6 6SAXL Axial stress (includes the hydrostatic stress) 6 6SRAD Radial stress 6 6SH Hoop stress 6 6SINT Stress intensity 6 6SEQV Equivalent stress (SAXL minus the hydrostatic stress) 6 6EPEL(AXL, RAD, H)Axial, radial, and hoop elastic strains (excludes the thermal strain)6 6TEMP TOUT(I), TOUT(J) 6 6EPTHAXL Axial thermal strains at nodes I and J 6 6VR, VZ Radial and vertical fluid particle velocities (VR is always >8 8Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 190)AR, AZ Radial and vertical fluid particle accelerations 8 8PHDYN Dynamic fluid pressure head 8 8ETA Wave amplitude over integration point 8 8TFLUID Fluid temperature (printed if VISC is nonzero) 8 8VISC Viscosity 8 8REN, RET Normal and tangential Reynolds numbers (if VISC is nonzero)8 8CT, CD, CM Input coefficients evaluated at Reynolds numbers 8 8CTW, CDW CT*DENSW*DO/2, CD*DENSW*DO/2 8 8CMW CM*DENSW*PI*DO**2/4 8 8URT, URN Tangential (parallel to element axis) and normal relative velocity8 8ABURN Vector sum of normal (URN) velocities 8 8AN Accelerations normal to the element 8 8FX, FY, FZ Hydrodynamic forces tangential and normal to element axis8 8ARGU Effective position of integration point (radians) 8 81. Output only for the pipe option (KEYOPT(1) = 0 or 2)2. If KEYOPT(3) = 0 or if KEYOPT(1) = 13. If KEYOPT(3) = 14. Output only for the pipe option and the item repeats at 0, 45, 90, 135, 180, 225, 270, 315 at node I, then at node J (all at the outer surface)5. Output only for the pipe option (KEYOPT(1) = 0 or 2) and if KEYOPT(6) = 26. Output only for the cable option (KEYOPT(1) = 1)7. Output only if KEYOPT(6) = 2Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 207. Output only if KEYOPT(6) = 28. Hydrodynamic solution (if KEYOPT(7) = 1 for immersed elements at integration points)9. Available only at centroid as a *GET item.Table 59.4: PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node I)lists output available through the ETABLE command using the Sequence Number method. See The General Postprocessor (POST1) in Basic Analysis Guide and The Item and Sequence Number Table of this manual for more information. The following notation is used in Table 59.4: PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node I) :Nameoutput quantity as defined in the Table 59.3: PIPE59 Element Output DefinitionsItempredetermined Item label for ETABLE commandEsequence number for single-valued or constant element dataI,Jsequence number for data at nodes I and JTable 59.4PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node I)Output Quantity NameETABLE and ESOL Command InputItem ECircumferential Location0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315SAXL LS - 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29SRAD LS - 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30SH LS - 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31SXH LS - 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 21EPELAXL LEPEL - 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29EPELRAD LEPEL - 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30EPELH LEPEL - 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31EPELXH LEPEL - 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32EPTHAXL LEPTH - 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29EPTHRAD LEPTH - 2 6 10 14 18 22 26 30EPTHH LEPTH - 3 7 11 15 19 23 27 31MFORX SMISC 1 - - - - - - - -MFORY SMISC 2 - - - - - - - -MFORZ SMISC 3 - - - - - - - -MMOMX SMISC 4 - - - - - - - -MMOMY SMISC 5 - - - - - - - -MMOMZ SMISC 6 - - - - - - - -SDIR SMISC 13 - - - - - - - -ST SMISC 14 - - - - - - - -S1 NMISC - 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36S3 NMISC - 3 8 13 18 23 28 33 38SINT NMISC - 4 9 14 19 24 29 34 39SEQV NMISC - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40SBEND NMISC 88 - - - - - - - -SSF NMISC 89 - - - - - - - -Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 22TOUT LBFE - 4 - 1 - 2 - 3 -TIN LBFE - 8 - 5 - 6 - 7 -Table 59.5PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Node J)Output Quantity NameETABLE and ESOL Command InputItem ECircumferential Location0 45 90 135 180 225 270 315SAXL LS - 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61SRAD LS - 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62SH LS - 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63SXH LS - 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64EPELAXL LEPEL - 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61EPELRAD LEPEL - 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62EPELH LEPEL - 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63EPELXH LEPEL - 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64EPTHAXL LEPTH - 33 37 41 45 49 53 57 61EPTHRAD LEPTH - 34 38 42 46 50 54 58 62EPTHH LEPTH - 35 39 43 47 51 55 59 63MFORX SMISC 7 - - - - - - - -MFORY SMISC 8 - - - - - - - -MFORZ SMISC 9 - - - - - - - -Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 23MMOMX SMISC 10 - - - - - - - -MMOMY SMISC 11 - - - - - - - -MMOMZ SMISC 12 - - - - - - - -SDIR SMISC 15 - - - - - - - -ST SMISC 16 - - - - - - - -S1 NMISC - 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76S3 NMISC - 43 48 53 58 63 68 73 78SINT NMISC - 44 49 54 59 64 69 74 79SEQV NMISC - 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80SBEND NMISC 90 - - - - - - - -SSF NMISC 91 - - - - - - - -TOUT LBFE - 12 - 9 - 10 - 11 -TIN LBFE - 16 - 13 - 14 - 15 -Table 59.6PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Pipe Options)Output Quantity NameETABLE and ESOL Command InputItem ESTH SMISC 17PINTE SMISC 18PX SMISC 19PY SMISC 20Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 24PZ SMISC 21POUTE SMISC 22SPR2 NMISC 81SMI NMISC 82SMJ NMISC 83S1MX NMISC 84S3MN NMISC 85SINTMX NMISC 86SEQVMX NMISC 87Table 59.7PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Cable Option)Output Quantity NameETABLE and ESOL Command InputItem E Node I Node JSAXL LS 1 4SRAD LS 2 5SH LS 3 6EPELAXL LEPEL 1 4EPELRAD LEPEL 2 5EPELH LEPEL 3 6EPTHAXL LEPTH 1 4TOUT LBFE 1 9Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 25TIN LBFE 5 13SINT NMISC 4 9SEQV NMISC 5 10FAXL SMISC 1 6STH SMISC 13PINTE SMISC 14PX SMISC 15PY SMISC 16PZ SMISC 17POUTE SMISC 18Table 59.8: PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Additional Output) lists additional print and post data file output available through the ETABLE command if KEYOPT(7) = 1.Table 59.8PIPE59 Item and Sequence Numbers (Additional Output)Output Quantity NameETABLE and ESOL Command InputItem E- First Integration PointE- Second Integration PointGLOBAL COORD NMISC N + 1, N + 2, N + 3 N + 31, N + 32, N + 33VR NMISC N + 4 N + 34VZ NMISC N + 5 N + 35AR NMISC N + 6 N + 36Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 26AZ NMISC N + 7 N + 37PHDY NMISC N + 8 N + 38ETA NMISC N + 9 N + 39TFLUID NMISC N + 10 N + 40VISC NMISC N + 11 N + 41REN NMISC N + 12 N + 42RET NMISC N + 13 N + 43CT NMISC N + 14 N + 44CTW NMISC N + 15 N + 45URT NMISC N + 16 N + 46FX NMISC N + 17 N + 47CD NMISC N + 18 N + 48CDW NMISC N + 19 N + 49URN NMISC N + 20, N + 21 N + 50, N + 51ABURN NMISC N + 22 N + 52FY NMISC N + 23 N + 53CM NMISC N + 24 N + 54CMW NMISC N + 25 N + 55AN NMISC N + 26, N + 27 N + 56, N + 57FZ NMISC N + 28 N + 58ARGU NMISC N + 29 N + 59Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 27Note:For the pipe option (KEYOPT(1) = 0 or 2): N = 99. For the cable option (KEYOPT(1) = 1): N = 10.Material Properties -- WATER SpecificationsTB,WATER (water motion table data for PIPE59)NTEMP:Not used.NPTS:Not used.TBOPT:Not used.PIPE59 Assumptions and RestrictionsThe pipe must not have a zero length. In addition, the O.D. must not be less than or equal to zero and the I.D. must not be less than zero.Elements input at or near the water surface should be small in length relative to the wave length.Neither end of the element may be input below the mud line (ocean floor). Integration points that move below the mud line are presumed to have no hydrodynamic forces acting on them.If the element is used out of water, the water motion table (Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table) need not be included.The element should also be used with caution in the reduced transient dynamic analysis since this analysis type ignores the element load vector. Fluid damping, if any, should be handled via the hydrodynamic load vector rather than (mass matrix) damping.When performing a transient analysis, the solution may be unstable with small time steps due to the nature of Morrison's equation.Feature ArchiveContains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc.and its subsidiaries and affiliatesPage: 28The applied thermal gradient is assumed to vary linearly along the length of the element.The same water motion table (Table 59.2: PIPE59 Water Motion Table) should not be used for different wave theories in the same problem.The lumped mass matrix formulation [LUMPM,ON] is not allowed for PIPE59when using "added mass" on the outside of the pipe (CI0.0).PIPE59 Product RestrictionsThere are no product-specific restrictions for this element.Release 14.0 - 2011 SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved.Archive Documentation