Pipe - nucorskyline.com Library/Document Library/English... · Once the welding is complete, the finished pipe is visually inspected by Quality Control (QC) and, if required, Ultrasonic

Pipe

About Nucor Skyline

Nucor Skyline, your true project partner

We are a premier steel foundation manufacturer and supplier, serving the North American market. Skyline Steel, LLC (doing business as Nucor Skyline) is a Nucor company, the largest producer of steel in the United States, and this relationship strengthens our ability to service our customers and the industry.

• Over 20 Sales Offices in North America

• Manufacturing, Coating and Fabrication Expertise

• Dozens of Stocking Locations

• Exclusive Engineering Support

Our flagship products include an unparalleled assortment of:

• H-Piles • Geostructural Products

• Steel Sheet Piles • Wide Flange and other Structural Sections

• Pipe Piles • Piling Accessories

Nucor Skyline’s knowledgeable engineering team works with owners, engineers, and contractors long before ground is broken. To ensure seamless project coordination and completion, our engineers propose solutions throughout all aspects of design, material selection, installation, and construction sequencing. Skyline’s engineering support is extended even further to include provision of onsite assistance after a project has started. Our relationships extends beyond sales – we are your true project partner.

Steel Pipe from Nucor Skyline

Nucor Skyline has vast experience in manufacturing pipe piling products for the North American steel foundation industry. With our strategically located manufacturing plants, we can service the needs of any public or private project throughout the region.

• Wide Range of Diameters, Thicknesses and Lengths

− ERW Straight Seam: From 2-3/8” to 24” OD; Up to 0.625” Thickness

− Spiralweld: Up to 120” OD; 1” Thickness

− Rolled & Welded: Up to 204” OD; 2.25” Thickness

− Micropile: 5.5” – 20” OD; Prime and Secondary

• Custom Lengths and Thicknesses

• Custom Fabrication Services

• Spiralweld Pipe Accepted by DOTs in Seismically Active Areas

• In-house and Third-Party Testing Capabilities

• Made in the USA

Table of Contents

PRODUCT DATA

ERW Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Spiralweld Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Rolled & Welded Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Micropile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

PRODUCT DETAIL

Available Pipe Manufacturing Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Available Steel Specifications . . . . . . 11

Specialty Fabrication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Quality Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Increasing Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

APPLICATIONS

Bearing Piles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Drilled Shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Combined Wall Systems . . . . . . . . . . 18

Structural Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Threaded Micropile Casing . . . . . . . . 19

Sign Poles, Towers, and Transmission Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Jacked & Bored . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Line Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2 Nucor Skyline: Pipe

ERW Pipe

Outside Diameter (DO)

in (mm)

PIPE WEIGHT lbs/ft (kg/m)

Coating Area

Wall Thickness (t) in (mm)

0.1794.55

0.1884.78

0.2035.16

0.2195.56

0.2506.35

0.3127.92

0.3759.53

0.50012.70

0.56214.29

0.62515.88

2 3/860.33

4.226.29

4.386.54

4.727.03

5.027.52

0.620.19

2 7/873.03

5.187.72

5.398.03

5.798.65

6.219.26

7.0210.46

0.750.23

3 1/288.90

6.389.51

6.649.90

7.1610.67

7.5811.44

8.6912.95

0.920.28

4101.60

7.3410.94

7.6611.39

8.2412.29

8.8413.18

10.0214.94

12.3318.36

14.5321.66

1.050.32

4 1/2114.30

8.3012.37

8.6412.89

9.3313.91

10.0114.92

11.3616.93

13.9920.85

16.5424.61

1.180.36

6 5/8168.28

12.3818.46

12.9219.23

13.9420.79

14.9822.33

17.0225.40

21.0431.44

25.0337.35

32.7148.80

36.4254.34

1.730.53

7177.80

13.1019.53

13.6520.36

14.7522.00

15.5923.64

18.0426.89

22.3433.30

26.5039.59

34.7451.79

38.6857.57

1.830.56

8 5/8219.08

16.2224.18

16.9425.21

18.2927.26

19.6629.30

22.3633.36

27.8141.39

33.0449.30

43.4364.74

48.4872.27

53.4579.68

2.260.69

9 5/8244.48

18.0826.90

18.9728.23

20.4530.43

22.0232.77

25.0646.23

31.0646.23

37.0855.19

48.7772.59

54.4681.04

60.1489.50

2.520.77

10 3/4273.05

20.2330.10

21.2331.59

22.8934.06

24.6536.69

28.0641.76

34.8151.81

40.5260.30

54.7981.54

61.2291.10

67.66100.69

2.810.86

12304.80

22.6233.66

23.7435.33

25.6038.10

27.5841.04

31.4046.73

38.9858.01

46.6069.35

61.4791.49

68.73102.28

76.01113.12

3.140.96

12 3/4323.85

24.0535.80

25.2537.57

27.2340.52

29.3443.66

33.4149.71

41.4861.74

49.6173.83

65.4897.45

73.23108.99

81.02120.58

3.341.02

14355.60

26.4539.36

27.7641.31

29.9444.56

32.2648.01

36.7554.69

45.6567.94

54.6281.28

72.16107.38

80.74120.16

89.37133.01

3.671.12

16406.40

30.2745.05

31.7847.29

34.2851.02

36.9554.98

42.0962.64

52.3277.87

62.6493.21

82.85123.29

92.83138.38

102.72153.13

4.191.28

18457.20

47.4470.59

58.9987.79

70.65105.15

93.54139.20

104.76155.90

4.711.44

20508.00

52.7878.55

65.6697.72

78.67117.08

104.23155.11

116.88174.23

129.45192.64

5.241.60

24609.6

79.01117.57

94.71140.94

125.61186.92

140.93210.09

156.17232.41

6.281.92

Please inquire about additional diameters and thicknesses.

APPROXIMATE VALUES

Pipe Weight (lbs/ft) = 10.69*t*(DO-t)

DO (in) - outside diameter

t (in) - thickness of pipe

Pipe Weight (kg/m) = 0.0247*t*(DO-t)DO (mm) - outside diametert (mm) - thickness of pipe

Maximum Rolled Lengths***

ERW 80 feet (24.4 m)

*** Longer lengths may be possible upon request.

Formulas

Cross Section Area

A

Moment of Inertia

Ixx

Section Modulus

Sxx

Radius of Gyration

rxx

Nucor Skyline: Pipe 3

Manufacturing ProcessElectric Resistance Welded (ERW) pipe is manufactured by cold forming a flat steel strip into a rounded tube by passing it through a series of forming rollers to obtain a longitudinal seam. The two edges are then simultaneously heated with a high frequency current and squeezed together to produce a bond. The longitudinal ERW seam does not require filler metal while impurities in the heat affected zone are extruded during the welding process.

COIL JOININGCoil ends are joined together with a butt weld to produce a continuous strip.

UNCOILING & FLATTENINGIncoming coils are peeled and unwrapped for presentation into the flattener rolls. Flattening removes the coil set to produce a flat steel strip.

WELDINGA high frequency electrical current flows through contact tips into the strip edges to produce the heat required for bonding the strip edges together as the material passes through the weld roll stand.

EDGE TRIMMINGSlitter blades and edge milling trims strip edges to provide the precise strip width required during the forming and ERW seam welding process.

QUALITy CONTROLOnce the welding is complete, the finished pipe is visually inspected by Quality Control (QC) and, if required, Ultrasonic (UT) testing is performed to ensure the weld is defect-free.

FORMINGThe forming process begins at the Breakdown Pass where the material is gradually bent from a flat steel strip into a rounded tube for presentation to the ERW seam welder.

PIPE SIZING/STRAIGHTENINGThe Sizing Section squeezes the welded pipe into the precise roundness, outer diameter, and straightness tolerances specified by the customer.

PIPE CUTTINGThe flying cut-off saw attaches to the pipe as it is being produced and cuts the pipe to the length specified by the customer.

ERW Pipe


Spiralweld Pipe

Outside Diameter (DO)

in (mm)

PIPE WEIGHT lbs/ft (kg/m)

Coating Area

ft²/ftm²/m


0.1884.78

0.2035.16

0.2195.56

0.2506.35

0.3127.92

0.3759.53

0.50012.70

0.62515.88

0.75019.05

1.00025.40

16406.4

31.7847.29

34.2851.02

36.9554.98

42.0962.64

52.3277.87

62.6493.21

82.85123.29

4.191.28

18457.2

35.8053.27

38.6257.47

41.6361.95

47.4470.59

58.9987.79

70.65105.15

93.54139.20

116.09172.78

4.711.44

20508.0

39.8259.25

42.9663.93

46.3168.92

52.7878.55

65.6697.72

78.67117.08

104.23155.11

129.45192.64

5.241.60

24609.6

47.8671.22

51.6476.85

55.6782.85

63.4794.46

79.01117.57

94.71140.94

125.61186.92

156.17232.41

186.41277.40

245.87365.94

6.281.92

30762.0

79.51118.32

99.02147.36

118.76176.73

157.68234.65

196.26292.07

234.51348.99

310.01461.35

7.852.39

36914.4

95.54142.18

119.03177.14

142.81212.53

189.75282.38

236.35351.73

282.62420.58

374.15556.80

9.432.87

421067

111.58116.05

139.04206.92

166.86248.32

221.82330.10

276.44411.38

330.72492.17

438.29652.25

11.003.35

481219

127.61189.91

159.05236.70

190.92284.12

253.89377.83

316.52471.04

378.83563.76

502.43747.70

12.573.83

541372

214.97319.91

285.96425.55

356.61530.70

426.93635.35

566.57843.15

14.144.31

601524

239.02355.70

318.03473.28

396.70590.35

475.04706.93

630.71938.60

15.714.79

721829

287.13427.29

382.17568.73

476.87709.67

571.25850.11

758.991129.50

18.855.75

842134

446.31664.18

557.05828.98

667.46993.29

887.271320.41

21.996.70

962438

510.45759.63

637.22948.30

763.671136.46

1015.551511.31

25.137.66

1082743

574.59855.08

717.401067.61

859.881279.64

1143.831702.21

28.278.62

1203048

797.571186.92

958.091422.82

1272.111893.11

31.429.58

Please inquire about additional diameters and thicknesses.

APPROXIMATE VALUES





Maximum Rolled Lengths***

Spiralweld 130 feet (39.6 m)

*** Longer lengths may be possible upon request.

Formulas

Cross Section Area

A

Moment of Inertia

Ixx

Section Modulus

Sxx

Radius of Gyration

rxx


Spiralweld Pipe

Manufacturing ProcessThe spiralweld manufacturing process is one of the most cost effective ways to produce steel pipe. Spiralweld pipe is manufactured from steel coil and typically utilizes a helical double submerged arc weld (DSAW). The mill setup offers a varying degree of flexibility, allowing for production of a wide range of pipe diameters and wall thicknesses. As a result, Nucor Skyline is able to offer spiralweld products for structural and non-structural applications.

UNCOILINGUpon receipt of the coil, it is placed on a horizontal un-coiler mandrel and fed into the straightener.

EDGE MILLING The edges of the coil are trimmed with carbide teeth to prepare for welding.

PIPE WELDING The welding system welds the pipe, first along the inside diameter and then along the outside diameter, using a submerged arc welding process.

PIPE CUT-OFFOnce the pipe reaches the desired length, the cut-off machine is engaged. Traveling with the pipe, a plasma torch provides the cut-off of the finished pipe. Specific end props, such as bevel or square cut ends, can be requested to allow for simpler splicing in the field.


PIPE SPIRALINGThe strip of coil enters the three roll apparatus composed of lead, buttress and mandrel roll sets. At this stage, the coil starts to form the spiral shape that will then become pipe.

FLATTENINGThe strip of coil is introduced into the flattener through a roll stand and the coil set is removed.

JOINING OF THE COIL ENDSAs the coil continues to move through the straightener, the leading and trailing edges of the strip are trimmed in preparation for butt welding – coil to coil.


Rolled & Welded Pipe

Outside Diameter

(DO) in

(mm)

PIPE WEIGHT lbs/ft (kg/m) Coating Area

ft²/ftm²/m


0.2506.35

0.3127.92

0.3759.52

0.43811.13

0.50012.70

0.56214.27

0.62515.87

0.68817.48

0.75019.05

0.87522.22

1.00025.40

1.25031.75

1.37534.92

1.50 - 2.2538.10 - 57.15

24609.6

63.4794.47

79.01117.59

94.71140.96

110.32164.20

125.61186.95

140.81209.58

156.18232.44

171.46255.18

186.41277.44

6.281.92

30762.0

79.51118.34

99.02147.37

118.76176.76

138.42206.01

157.68234.68

176.86263.23

196.26292.11

215.58320.86

234.51349.04

272.43405.47

310.01461.41

7.852.39

36914.4

95.54142.20

119.03177.16

142.81212.56

166.51247.83

189.75282.41

212.91316.88

236.35351.77

259.71386.54

282.62420.64

328.55489.00

374.15556.87

464.35691.12

9.422.87

421066.8

111.58166.07

139.04206.94

166.87248.35

194.61289.64

221.82330.15

248.95370.53

276.44411.44

303.84452.22

330.73492.23

384.68572.53

438.30652.34

544.53810.45

597.14888.76 Max. wall

thickness of 1.50" (38.1mm). Please call for weight.

11.003.35

481219.2

127.61189.93

159.05236.73

190.92284.15

222.70331.45

253.89377.88

285.00424.18

316.53471.10

347.97517.90

378.83563.83

440.80656.06

502.44747.80

624.71929.78

685.341020.02

12.573.83

541371.6

143.65213.80

179.07266.51

214.97319.95

250.79373.27

285.96425.61

321.05477.83

356.62530.77

392.10583.58

426.94635.43

496.92739.59

566.58843.26

704.881049.11

773.531151.28

14.144.31

601524.0

159.68237.66

199.08296.30

239.02355.75

278.89415.08

318.03473.34

357.10531.48

396.70590.43

436.23649.26

475.04707.03

553.05823.13

630.72938.73

785.061168.44

861.731282.54

Max. wall thickness of

1.625" (41.3mm).Please call for weight.

15.714.79

661676.4

175.72261.53

219.09326.08

263.08391.55

306.98456.89

350.10521.07

393.14585.13

436.79650.10

480.35714.94

523.15778.63

609.17906.66

694.861034.19

865.231287.77

949.921413.81

17.285.27

721828.8

191.75285.40

239.10355.87

287.13427.35

335.07498.70

382.17568.80

429.19638.78

476.88709.76

524.49780.62

571.25850.22

665.29990.19

759.001129.65

945.411407.10

1038.111545.07


1.75" (44.4mm). Please call for weight.

18.855.75

781981.2

207.79309.26

259.11385.65

311.18463.15

363.17540.52

414.24616.54

465.24692.43

516.97769.43

568.62846.30

619.36921.82

721.421073.72

823.141225.12

1025.591526.42

1126.311676.33

20.426.22

842133.6

223.82333.13

279.13415.44

335.24498.95

391.26582.33

446.31664.27

501.28746.08

557.06829.09

612.74911.98

667.47993.42

777.541157.25

887.281320.58

1105.761645.75

1214.501807.60

21.996.70

902286.0

239.86356.99

299.14445.22

359.29534.75

419.35624.14

478.38712.00

537.33799.73

597.14888.76

656.87977.65

715.571065.02

833.661240.78

951.421416.04

1185.941765.08

1302.691938.86

23.567.18

962438.4

255.90380.86

319.15475.01

383.34570.54

447.45665.96

510.45759.73

573.38853.38

637.23948.42

701.001043.33

763.681136.61

889.791324.31

1015.561511.51

1266.111884.41

1390.892070.12


2.00" (50.8mm). Please call for weight.

25.137.66

1022590.8

271.93404.73

339.16504.79

407.39606.34

475.54707.77

542.52807.46

609.43907.03

677.321008.09

745.131109.01

811.781208.21

945.911407.84

1079.701606.97

1346.292003.74

1479.082201.38

26.708.14

1082743.2

287.97428.59

359.17534.58

431.45642.14

503.64749.58

574.60855.20

645.47960.69

717.411067.75

789.261174.69

859.891279.81

1002.031491.37

1143.851702.44

1426.472123.07

1567.272332.65

28.278.62

1142895.6

304.00452.46

379.19564.36

455.50677.94

531.73791.40

606.67902.93

681.521014.34

757.501127.42

833.391240.37

907.991351.41

1058.161574.90

1207.991797.90

1506.642242.40

1655.472463.91

29.859.10

1203048.0

320.04476.32

399.20594.14

479.55713.74

559.82833.21

638.74950.66

717.571067.99

797.581187.08

877.521306.05

956.101423.01

1114.281658.43

1272.131893.36

1586.822361.73

1743.662595.17

Max. wall thickness of 2.25" (57.1mm).

Please call for weight.

31.429.58

1263200.4

419.21623.93

503.61749.54

587.92875.02

670.81998.39

753.611121.64

837.671246.75

921.651371.73

1004.211494.60

1170.401741.96

1336.271988.83

1666.992481.06

1831.862726.43

32.9910.05

1323352.8

439.22653.71

527.66785.34

616.01916.84

702.881046.12

789.661175.29

877.761306.41

965.781437.41

1052.311566.20

1226.531825.49

1400.412084.29

1747.172600.39

1920.052857.70

34.5610.53

1383505

551.71821.14

644.10958.65

734.951093.85

825.711228.94

917.851366.08

1009.901503.09

1100.421637.80

1282.651909.03

1464.552179.75

1827.352719.75

2008.242988.96

36.1311.01

1443657.6

575.76856.94

672.201000.46

767.021141.59

861.761282.59

957.941425.74

1054.031568.77

1148.521709.40

1338.771992.56

1528.692275.22

1907.522839.05

2096.443120.22

37.7011.49

1503810.0

599.82892.73

700.291042.28

799.091189.32

897.801336.24

998.021485.41

1098.161634.44

1196.631780.99

1394.902076.09

1592.832370.68

1987.702958.38

2184.633251.48

39.2711.97

1563962.4

623.87928.53

728.391084.09

831.161237.05

933.851389.89

1038.111545.07

1142.291700.12

1244.731852.59

1451.022159.62

1656.972466.15

2067.873077.71

2272.823382.75

40.8412.45

1624114.8

756.481125.90

863.231284.78

969.901443.54

1078.201604.73

1186.421765.80

1292.841924.19

1507.142243.15

1721.112561.61

2148.053197.04

2361.023514.01

42.4112.93

1684267.2

784.571167.71

895.301332.51

1005.941497.19

1118.291664.40

1230.551831.48

1340.941995.79

1563.272326.68

1785.252657.07

2228.233316.37

2449.213645.27

43.9813.41

169-2044293 - 5182

Please call for weight.

APPROXIMATE VALUES





Maximum Rolled Lengths*

Rolled & Welded 120 feet (36.6 m)

* Longer lengths may be possible upon request.

Formulas

Cross Section Area

A

Moment of Inertia

Ixx

Section Modulus

Sxx

Radius of Gyration

rxx


Manufacturing ProcessRolled & welded pipe is one of the oldest processes of manufacturing steel pipe. This manufacturing process is utilized when the pipe wall thickness exceeds the capabilities of the ERW and spiralweld manufacturing processes.

CUTTINGA single flat sheet of steel plate is cut on a burning table using plasma or cutting gases. This plate is cut according to the required width and length for each individual can that will form the final product.

PLATEThe raw material – pieces of flat steel plate – is received into our manufacturing plant.

WELDINGThe can is then staged for longitudinal welding (Long Seam). During this process, the seam between the two plates is welded on both the inside and outside.

BEVELINGAfter the plate is cut, it is transferred to the beveling station where the plate edges are beveled and prepped for welding.


BENDINGAfter beveling, the plate is transferred to the bending rolls. Nucor Skyline uses a 4-roll system to produce a true cylinder, also referred to as a can.

CIRCUMFERENTIAL WELDINGDuring this last step of the manufacturing process, cans are fit together using the submerged arc weld (SAW) process, according to customer requirements for specific lengths.

FINISHED PIPEThe finished pipe is then removed and ready for delivery.

Rolled & Welded Pipe


MicropileThreaded Casing for Micropile

External Surface Area

Total Area of Shaft

Cross Sectional Area

Outside Diameter

inmm

Thickness

inmm

Inside Diameter

inmm

Weight

lbs/ftkg/m

Cross Sectional

Area

in2

cm2

Total Area of Shaft

in2

cm2

Internal Volume

ft3/ftm3/m

External Surface

Area

ft2/ftm2/m

Moment of Inertia

in4

cm4

Section Modulus

in3

cm3

Coating Area

ft²/ftm²/m

9.625244.48

0.50012.700

8.625219.075

48.7772.59

14.3392.47

72.76469.42

0.4060.038

2.520.77

149.636228.24

31.09509.52

2.520.77

9.625244.48

0.54513.843

8.535216.789

52.9078.74

15.55100.30

72.76469.42

0.3970.037

2.520.77

160.806692.84

33.41547.53

2.520.77

10.750273.05

0.50012.700

9.750247.650

54.7981.54

16.10103.88

90.76585.56

0.5180.048

2.810.86

211.958822.03

39.43646.18

2.810.86

12.750323.85

0.50012.700

11.750298.450

65.4897.45

19.24124.14

127.68823.72

0.7530.070

3.341.02

361.5415048.59

56.71929.36

3.341.02

14.000355.60

0.50012.700

13.000330.200

72.16107.40

21.21136.81

153.94993.15

0.9220.086

3.671.12

483.7620135.45

69.111132.48

3.671.12

16.000406.40

0.50012.700

15.000381.000

82.85123.31

24.35157.08

201.061297.17

1.2270.114

4.191.28

731.9430465.73

91.491499.30

4.191.28

Contact your Nucor Skyline representative for additional diameters, lengths, and starter details.

Prime Domestic Casing

Nucor Skyline can provide threaded micropile casing up to 40 feet.


MicropileThreaded Casing for Micropile

External Surface Area

Total Area of Shaft

Cross Sectional Area

Outside Diameter

inmm

Thickness

inmm

Inside Diameter

inmm

Weight

lbs/ftkg/m

Cross Sectional

Area

in2

cm2

Total Area of Shaft

in2

cm2

Internal Volume

ft3/ftm3/m

External Surface

Area

ft2/ftm2/m

Moment of Inertia

in4

cm4

Section Modulus

in3

cm3

Coating Area

ft²/ftm²/m

5.5139.700

0.41510.541

4.670118.618

22.5633.57

6.6342.77

23.76153.28

0.120.011

1.440.44

21.57897.80

7.84128.47

1.440.44

7177.800

0.40810.363

6.184157.073

28.7542.79

8.4554.51

38.48248.29

0.210.019

1.830.56

46.071917.56

13.16215.65

1.830.56

7177.800

0.45311.506

6.094154.787

31.7047.18

9.3260.11

38.48248.29

0.200.019

1.830.56

50.162087.80

14.33234.83

1.830.56

7177.800

0.50012.700

6.000152.400

34.7451.70

10.2165.87

38.48248.29

0.200.018

1.830.56

54.242257.62

15.50254.00

1.830.56

7.625193.675

0.43010.922

6.765171.831

33.0749.21

9.7262.71

45.66294.60

0.250.023

2.000.61

63.122627.23

16.56271.31

2.000.61

7.625193.675

0.50012.700

6.625168.275

38.0856.67

11.1972.21

45.66294.60

0.240.022

2.000.61

71.372970.62

18.72306.76

2.000.61

8.625219.075

0.56214.275

7.501190.525

48.4472.09

14.2491.84

58.43376.94

0.310.029

2.260.69

116.254838.65

26.96441.79

2.260.69

9.625244.475

0.47211.989

8.681220.497

46.1868.73

13.5787.56

72.76469.42

0.410.038

2.520.77

142.515931.67

29.61485.22

2.520.77

9.625244.475

0.54513.843

8.535216.789

52.9078.73

15.55100.30

72.76469.42

0.400.037

2.520.77

160.806692.95

33.41547.49

2.520.77

10.75273.050

0.54513.843

9.660245.364

59.4688.49

17.47112.73

90.76585.56

0.510.047

2.810.86

228.109494.16

42.44695.46

2.810.86

10.75273.050

0.59515.113

9.560242.824

64.5996.12

18.98122.47

90.76585.56

0.500.046

2.810.86

245.5310219.65

45.68748.56

2.810.86

11.875301.624

0.58214.783

10.711272.059

70.26104.56

20.65133.21

110.75714.53

0.630.058

3.110.95

330.0413737.19

55.59910.95

3.110.95

13.375339.724

0.48012.192

12.415315.340

66.1798.47

19.45125.45

140.50906.45

0.840.078

3.501.07

404.7316846.00

60.52991.74

3.501.07

13.375339.724

0.51413.056

12.347313.613

70.67105.17

20.77133.98

140.50906.45

0.830.077

3.501.07

430.0717900.72

64.311053.85

3.501.07

16406.4

0.3759.525

15.25387.35

62.6493.23

18.41118.76

201.061333.17

1.270.12

4.191.28

562.0823395.71

70.261151.36

4.191.28

16406.4

0.43811.125

15.124384.15

72.87108.45

21.41138.15

201.061333.17

1.250.12

4.191.28

648.7527002.81

81.091328.88

4.191.28

16406.4

0.49512.573

15.01381.254

82.04122.11

24.11155.56

201.061333.17

1.230.11

4.191.28

725.3130189.62

90.661485.71

4.191.28

18457.2

0.43511.049

17.13435.102

81.68121.57

24154.87

254.471641.73

1.600.15

4.711.44

926.3238856.25

102.931686.63

4.711.44

20508

0.43811.125

19.124485.75

91.59136.12

26.92173.66

314.162026.83

1.990.19

5.241.60

1288.2253619.94

128.822111.02

5.241.60

20508

0.63516.129

18.73475.742

131.45195.65

38.63249.23

314.162026.83

1.910.18

5.241.60

1812.8175454.95

181.282970.67

5.241.60

Contact your Nucor Skyline representative for additional diameters, lengths, and starter details.

Secondary Casing


Nucor Skyline pipe is manufactured according to the following pipe specifications which provide guidance on manufacturing processes, dimensional requirements and tolerances.

Available Steel Pipe Grades

ASTMYield Strength Manufacturing Process

ksi MPa ERW Spiralweld Rolled & Welded

A 139 Grade A 30 205 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 139 Grade B 35 240 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 139 Grade C 42 290 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 139 Grade D 46 315 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 139 Grade E 52 360 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 252 Grade 1 30 205 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 252 Grade 2 35 240 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 252 Grade 3 45 310 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 252 Grade 3 (Mod) 50 345 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 252 Grade 3 (Mod) 60 - 80* 415 - 550* ✔ ✔ ✔

A 500 Grade B 42 290 ✔

A 500 Grade C 46 315 ✔

A 1085 50 - 70 345 - 450 ✔

Highlighted fields represent the most commonly used and readily available steel grades. Additional grades available upon request. Please call with any questions or special requests.

*Availability is dependent on pipe diameter and thickness.

ASTM A252This specification was written specifically for steel pipe piles and is the most common specification for this application. “This specification covers nominal (average) wall steel pipe piles of cylindrical shape and applies to pipe piles in which the steel cylinder acts as a permanent load-carrying member, or as a shell to form cast-in-place concrete piles…. The piles shall be made by the seamless, electric resistance welded, flash welded, or fusion welded process. The seams of welded pipe piles shall be longitudinal, helical-butt, or helical-lap.”

ASTM A139/A139M“This specification covers five grades of electric-fusion (arc)-welded straight-seam or helical-seam steel pipe. Pipe of NPS 4 and larger with nominal (average) wall thickness of 1.0 in. [25.4mm] and less are covered. Listing of standardized dimensions are for reference. The grades of steel are pipe mill grades having mechanical properties which differ from standard plate grades. The pipe is intended for conveying liquid, gas or vapor.”

ASTM A500/A500M“This specification covers cold-formed welded and seam-less carbon steel round, square, rectangular, or special shape structural tubing for welded, riveted, or bolted construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes. This tubing is produced in both welded and seamless sizes with a periphery of 88 in. [2235 mm] or less, and a specified wall thickness of 0.875 in. [22 mm] or less. Grade D requires heat treatment.”

AWWA C200†

“This standard describes electrically but-welded straight-seam or spiral-seam pipe and seamless pipe, 6 in. (150mm) in nominal diameter and larger, for the transmission and distribution of water or for use in other water system facilities.”

Source: ASTM International

† Source: American Water Works Association (AWWA)

Available Pipe Manufacturing Specifications


Available Steel Specifications

ASTMYield Strength Manufacturing Process

ksi MPa ERW Spiralweld Rolled & Welded

A 36 36 250 ✔

A 516 Grade 55 30 205 ✔

A 516 Grade 60 32 220 ✔

A 516 Grade 65 35 240 ✔

A 516 Grade 70 38 260 ✔

A 572 Grade 42 42 290 ✔

A 572 Grade 50 50 345 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 572 Grade 55 55 380 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 572 Grade 60 60 415 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 572 Grade 65 65 450 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 588 50 345 ✔ ✔ ✔

A 690 50 345 ✔ ✔

A 709 50 345 ✔ ✔

A 1011/1018 50 345 ✔ ✔

Abrasion Resistant Brinell Hardness – 190 ✔ ✔

Highlighted fields represent the most commonly used and readily available steel grades. Additional grades available upon request. Please call with any questions or special requests.

ASTM A1011/A1011M“This specification covers hot-rolled, carbon, structural, high-strength low-alloy, high-strength low-alloy with improved formability, and ultra-high strength steel sheet and strip, in coils and cut lengths.” Maximum coil thickness for this specification is 0.23 in.

ASTM A1018/A1018M“This specification covers hot-rolled, heavy-thickness coils beyond the size limits of Specification A1011/A1011M.” Coil thickness is from 0.23 in. to 1.000 in.

ASTM A572/A572M“This specification covers five grades of high-strength low-alloy structural steel shapes, plates, sheet piling, and bars. Grades 42 [290], 50 [345], and 55 [380] are intended for riveted, bolted, or welded structures. Grades 60 [415] and 65 [450] are intended for riveted or bolted construction of bridges, or for riveted, bolted, or welded construction in other applications.”

ASTM A690/A690M“This specification covers high-strength low-alloy nickel, copper, phosphorus steel H-piles and sheet piling of structural quality for use in the construction of dock walls, sea walls, bulkheads, excavations, and like applications in marine environments.”

ASTM A709/A709M“This specification covers carbon and high-strength low-alloy steel structural shapes, plates, and bars, quenched and tempered alloy steel, and stainless steel for structural plates intended for use in bridges.”

ASTM A913/A913M“This specification covers high-strength low-alloy structural steel shapes in Grades 50 [345], 60 [415], 65 [450] and 70 [485], produced by the quenching and self-tempering process (QST). The shapes are intended for riveted, bolted or welded construction of bridges, buildings and other structures.”

Source: ASTM International

The pipe specifications have limited chemical and mechanical property requirements of the steel plate, sheet, or coil the pipe is manufactured from. The following ASTM requirements address these properties in more detail and may be specified in addition to the pipe grades if the design professional deems them to be necessary.

Available Steel Specifications


Specialty Fabrication Services

Nucor Skyline pipe mills are capable of a wide variety of fabrication services. Please do not hesitate to call for any fabrication needs.

Custom Fabrication: Oscillator Casing

Conical Pipe Points

Backing Rings

E22 Connector Attachment

Reducers

Weld-on Splicer

Pipe with Slots

Cutting Shoes

Custom Fabrication

End Plate

Conical Pipe Points

Leffer Ring


CertificationsAll weld systems are qualified and certified to AWS D1.1. Our mills are quality certified by the Steel Plate Fabricators Association (SPFA). Additionally, each plant is staffed with Certified Weld Inspectors to assure a quality weld in every pipe.

Qualifications• American Welding Society (AWS)

− AWS Section 3 − AWS Section 4 / ASME Section IX − AWS Section 4 WPS – Weld Procedure Specification − AWS Section 4 PQR - Procedure Qualification Test Record

• Steel Plate Fabricators Association (SPFA) Quality Program

• Pre-qualified• Qualified by Test• Weld Quality Control Plan (WQCP)

• Non-destructive Testing (NDT) − Visual Inspection (VI) − Inline Ultrasonic Testing (UT) − Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) − Radiographic Testing / X-ray (RT) − Hydrostatic Testing − Dye Penetration Testing (PT) − Macro Etch Testing

• Destructive Testing − Tensile Strength Test: Base Metal/Across the Weld − Bend Test: Root, Face, Side − Charpy Impact Test (CVN): Base Metal, Weld Metal, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)

• Custom Tests: Hoop Stresses, etc.• Third-party Inspection• UT, RT, VI, Etch and Weld

Observations• Procedure QA/QC Review

Quality Assurance

Manufacturing & Stocking Locations

Nucor Skyline has several manufacturing locations and dozens of stocking locations throughout North America. Our proximity to the water, coupled with our extensive distribution network allows for fast and efficient delivery via truck, rail, or barge.

Quality Control


Increasing Durability

The durability of steel is a very important part of the design process. Although most steel buried in the ground does not need any protection from corrosion, there are cases where it is necessary. As a steel section corrodes, it loses strength and the designer must ensure that the section can carry its intended loads at the end of the design life. Determining the design life of a pipe is a straightforward process using the section properties, corrosion rate and any corrosion protection measures.

The corrosion rate of a particular environment is critical when calculating the design life. Different soils and types of water will have varying influences on the rate of loss. There are tables on the following page which give average values for the loss, in thickness, in soil and water. These values were gathered from measurements taken from actual jobsites. If there is historical information available locally, that information should be used instead. The engineer should determine the rate for both the inside and outside of the pipe. It should be noted that soil resistivity is sometimes used to determine the corrosiveness of a soil sample. This method for determining the corrosion rate does not take into account the level of oxygen in the soil and should not be used. The steel will not corrode without oxygen or extremely acidic soil.

Once the rate of loss has been determined, the reduced section properties and design life can be calculated. Increasing the design life of a steel pipe can be done in a variety of ways. Most of these will fall under three main categories; over design, corrosion rate reduction and steel protection.

Over design is most often done by increasing the thickness, diameter or steel grade. All of these methods will reduce the stress in the pipe. Although increasing the yield strength will not change the corrosion rate, it allows the pipe to carry the same loads with a smaller thickness.

Reducing the corrosion rate can be done with specialty steels (A690 and A588) or with cathodic protection. ASTM A690 reduces the corrosion rate for steel in the splash zone in salt water. ASTM A588 is an atmospheric corrosion resistant steel. Cathodic protection involves either sacrificial anodes or an impressed current system. Both systems create a battery cell to prevent the loss of material from the exposed steel. Galvanization is commonly used

for atmospheric protection, but should not be used in the permanent immersion, tidal, or splash zones.

Protecting the steel through coating or painting is very common. Coating is relatively inexpensive and works well on exposed steel, but it can be damaged and once the steel is exposed it will corrode at the normal rate. The steel can also be protected using concrete encasement, jackets, or sleeves.

Calculating the Design Life of a Pipe Pile

1. Design Pipe Pile

2. Determine Internal and External Corrosion Rates

3. Determine Maximum Allowable Stress

4. Calculate Reduced Diameter and Thickness that will Result in Maximum Allowable Stress

5. Calculate Section Loss

6. Calculate the Design Life Using Corrosion Rate and Section Loss

7. If the Design Life is Too Low, Choose from One of the Methods Below and Re-Calculate the Design Life

Over Design

• Increase Diameter

• Increase Thickness

• Increase Yield Strength

• Splice Thicker Pipe Section into Pile in Area of High Stress or High Corrosion

Corrosion Reduction

• A690 Steel — Salt Water Splash Zone Resistant Steel

• A588 Steel — Atmospheric Corrosion Resistant Steel

• Cathodic Protection

• Galvanization

Barrier

• Coating

• Concrete Encasement

• Sleeves or Jackets


Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Soil with or without Groundwater

Required design working life5 Years 25 Years 50 Years 75 Years 100 Years

in / mm

Undisturbed natural soils (sand, clay, schist, …) 0.0000.00

0.0120.30

0.0240.60

0.0350.90

0.0471.20

Polluted natural soils and industrial grounds 0.0060.15

0.0300.75

0.0591.50

0.0892.25

0.1183.00

Aggressive natural soils (swamp, marsh, peat, …) 0.0080.20

0.0391.00

0.0691.75

0.0982.50

0.1283.25

Non-compacted and non-aggressive fills (clay, schist, sand, silt, …) 0.0070.18

0.0280.70

0.0471.20

0.0671.70

0.0872.20

Non-compacted and aggressive fills (ashes, slag, …) 0.0200.50

0.0792.00

0.1283.25

0.1774.50

0.2265.75

Notes:1. Corrosion rates in compacted fills are lower than those in non-compacted ones. In compacted fills, the figures in the table should

be divided by two.2. The values given are only for guidance. Local conditions should be considered because they may affect the actual corrosion rate,

which can be lower or higher than the average value given in the table.3. The values given for 5 and 25 years are based on measurements, whereas the other values are extrapolated.

Loss of Thickness Due to Corrosion for Piles in Fresh Water or in Sea Water

Required design working life5 Years 25 Years 50 Years 75 Years 100 Years

in / mm

Common fresh water (river, ship canal, …) in the zone of high attack (water line)

0.0060.15

0.0220.55

0.0350.90

0.0451.15

0.0551.40

Very polluted fresh water (sewage, industrial effluent, …) in the zone of high attack (water line)

0.0120.30

0.0511.30

0.0912.30

0.1303.30

0.1694.30

Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of high attack (low water and splash zones)

0.0220.55

0.0741.90

0.1483.75

0.2205.60

0.2957.50

Sea water in temperate climate in the zone of permanent immersion or in the intertidal zone

0.0100.25

0.0350.90

0.0691.75

0.1022.60

0.1383.50

Notes:1. The highest corrosion rate is usually found at the splash zone or at the low water level in tidal waters. However, in most cases, the

highest stresses are in the permanent immersion zone.2. The values given are only for guidance. Local conditions should be considered because they may affect the actual corrosion rate,

which can be lower or higher than the average value given in the table.3. The values given for 5 and 25 years are based on measurements, whereas the other values are extrapolated.

Increasing Durability


Since corrosion occurs at different rates depending on environment, one must design for each of these zones to determine which controls.

Example Durability Calculation

Buried Zone(Soil Side)

Buried Zone(Water Side)

PermanentImmersionZone

Low Water Zone

Intertidal Zone AnchorMean Low Water

Mean High Water

Corrosion ZonesSeawall

Corrosion RateDistribution

Typical BendingMoment Distribution

Splash Zone

For a high modulus wall, we will assume that we are using a pipe – pipe system with the system width equal to the pipe diameter plus a connector width of 1.25 in.

From the above, we must now calculate the minimum section modulus for each depth and then determine the minimum pipe thickness required based on the ultimate design loads provided.

From this, we can see that a 48”Ø x ½” Grade 50 pipe works.

System Width

Depthft

Pipe Total Thickness Loss for 50 Years

in

Max. Ultimate Bending Moment

K-ft/ftFace 1 Face 2 Internal

0 - 5 Splash Soil Soil 0.22 25

10 Intertidal Soil Soil 0.141 500

15 Low Water Soil Soil 0.22 600

30 Immersion Soil Soil 0.141 650

60 Soil Soil Soil 0.096 400

Depthft

Design Minimum Section Modulus

in³/ft

Min. Base Pipe Thickness

in

Min. Thickness with Corrosion

in

0 - 5 6.0 0.014 0.124

10 120.0 0.277 0.347

15 144.0 0.333 0.443

30 156.0 0.362 0.432

60 96.0 0.221 0.269

PIPE PROPERTIES

Diameter 48 in

Thickness 0.5 in

Fy 50 ksi

System Width 49.25 in

Sx 10,857 in³


Applications of Steel PipeSteel pipe offers mechanical and physical characteristics that make it one of the most versatile construction products available. As a structural element, steel pipe remains unrivaled when compared to alternate materials. The flexibility offered by the manufacturing process, quality control and low production cost positions steel pipe to be the new shape of steel in many industries.

Bearing Piles

Driven steel piles are a very efficient way to carry loads from structures and one of the most tested elements in the construction industry. Pipe piles offer several advantages over other types of driven piles. The circular shape of the pipe means there is no weak axis and the interior of the pile can be augered out to remove obstructions or socket the pipe into rock. The pipe interior can be filled with reinforced concrete to increase the pile strength. Pipes can be manufactured to extremely long lengths and are easy to handle due to the bending strength-to-weight ratio and lack of a weak axis. The manufacturing process of pipe allows for millions of different combinations of diameters, thicknesses and steel grades.

The manufacturing of spiralweld pipe is especially flexible for thicknesses of one inch or less. The multitude of different diameters, cut to length sections, and speed of production, makes spiralweld a very attractive product for bearing piles.

Rolled and welded pipe is ideal in applications requiring larger-sized pipe or small custom quantities. The Tappan Zee Bridge in New York used tens of thousands of tons of 48 inch diameter pipe. Pipe piles of this size have the capability of carrying thousands of tons of axial load and very high lateral loads.

Several accessories are available to assist the contractor during installation. Inside and outside cutting shoes or conical points are good for hard driving conditions. Points are also useful if the interior of the pipe needs to be kept free of soil. Three different types of splicing mechanisms are also available. Backing rings are used when the pile needs a full penetration butt weld. Drive on and weld fit splicers are used for projects where speed is important and the full bending loads do not need to be carried through the splice.

Drilled Shaft Casing

Pipe casing, temporary or permanent, is often required during the construction of drilled shafts. The casing is used to hold the hole open while the reinforcement cage and concrete are installed. The ability to inspect the bottom of the hole and the elimination of any variations in the diameter of the finished drilled shaft makes for a much higher quality, finished pile. In the “Standard Guidelines for the Design and Installation of Pile Foundations” ASCE recommends a factor of safety that is 38% higher on the structural capacity of drilled shafts without casing, than those with casing.

Applications


Structural Sections

The symmetry of pipe gives it the same bending strength, in any direction, which makes it an excellent product for the resistance of buckling. The stress required to buckle an axial member decreases with length. The radius of gyration has the opposite effect and increases the ability of a section to resist buckling. The W and HP sections have different radii of gyration (rx and ry) for the X and Y axes, while remaining constant for a pipe. The end result is that a pipe can take much higher loads for long, unsupported lengths.

Sample: 40 foot axially loaded section

Section ry(in) Weight (lbs/ft) Buckling Load (k)

W 12 x 53 2.48 53 103.9

HP 12 x 53 2.86 53 138.1

12" x 0.375" 4.11 46.6 252.6

The ability of pipes to resist buckling makes them ideally suited for the bracing of cofferdams and for large open structures.

Combination Walls

Large diameter pipes have high bending strengths and are often used in combination sheet pile walls. The combination of large diameter pipe piles and steel sheet piles, which is often referred to as combi-walls, pipe-z walls or king pile walls, makes a very efficient system.

Like other combined walls, the king pile takes the majority of the load and the sheet pile transfers the load to the pipe and to the soil. In most cases, the sheet piles are between 60% and 80% of the length of the pipe pile. The king pile is almost always spiralweld pipe and the flexibility of the manufacturing process makes it easy for the designer to pinpoint the most efficient system. The design of the system assumes that there is no transfer of shear forces across the interlock. Therefore, the offset of the neutral axis, due to the sheet pile, is not taken into account.

Inertiasystem = (Inertiapipe + Inertiasheet pile) / (System Width)

Modulussystem = Inertiasystem / Radiuspipe

Pipe-Z walls are most often used for bulkhead walls for container, cruise and bulk terminals. In addition, they can be used for breakwaters or for high cantilevered retaining walls.

Applications


Applications

Threaded Micropile Casing

Micropiles are small diameter, bored cast-in-place piles, with most of the applied load being resisted by steel reinforcement. They are constructed by drilling a borehole, often using casing, then placing steel reinforcement and grouting the hole. Micropiles have a wide range of uses and are becoming a more mainstream method of supporting and resupporting foundations, seismic retrofits, stabilization of slopes and even earth retention.

Micropiles are usually designed in small clusters or groups, with each typically carrying an equal amount of load. These piles may also be designed with a batter to improve the lateral rigidity of the group. They can be designed to resist a combination of compression, tension and lateral forces.

Micropiles are an ideal pile for complex sites where low vibration or low noise levels are required, or where limited access such as low headroom and drilling is difficult. Other site conditions that make micropiles attractive are: obstructions, large cobbles or boulders, nearby sensitive structures, karst topography or high groundwater conditions. The unique characteristics of micropiles make them a perfect solution when other deep foundation methods are not suitable.

Mining

Mining operations take place far beneath the surface in hazardous conditions. Personnel, equipment and air shafts are all integral parts of the mine. Vertical pipe sections are often used to construct the shafts. The large range of diameters and thicknesses make steel pipe the material of choice for various shaft requirements. Some of the shafts are hundreds, if not thousands, of feet long and pipe can be supplied in sections with the ends prepped for splicing. Bracing rings can be used to keep the pipe thicknesses to a minimum.

Sign Poles, Towers, & Transmission Lines

Sign poles and towers are designed to resist large bending loads at the base of the structure. The availability and wide variety of thicknesses of large diameter pipe allow designers to pick the exact size needed to handle their particular project. Pipes can also be supplied in very long lengths, are simple to splice and easy to drill into hard ground. Reduction collars can facilitate the splicing of different diameters to make the design as efficient as possible.


Jacked & Bored

The placement of underground utilities is often done with jacked and bored pipe. Sections of pipe are pushed through the ground with hydraulic jacks between excavations or under a hill. The next section of pipe is then spliced onto the first and the jacking continues. Once the jacking is complete, the pipe is cleaned out to install the utilities. This allows the placement of utilities without extensive excavation which can disrupt roads, railroads, homes and businesses.

Line Pipe

Welded steel pipe provides an effective method for transporting liquids, air, and gas. Steel pipe is pound per pound stronger than any other type of line pipe. Pipe can be designed to handle both the internal and external pressures of most applications. Welded steel pipe offers many advantages, such as: strength, economy and ease of installation. Nucor Skyline is SPFA certified and manufactures hydrostatically tested pipe in outside diameters ranging from 103/4” to 90”. Our production process utilizes a double submerged arc weld process in both spiralweld and rolled & welded pipe. Hydrostatically tested pipe lengths range from 30’ to 60’, wall thicknesses from 0.250” to 2.0” and are produced to one of the following industry standards: AWWA C200/ASTM A139/ASTM A134.

Applications

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For technical questions and engineering support, please contact us via our technical hotline at:

866.875.9546 or email us at: [email protected].

About Nucor SkylineA premier steel foundation supplier serving the U.S., Canada, Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, and Colombia, Skyline Steel, LLC (doing business as Nucor Skyline) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Nucor Corporation, the largest producer of steel in the United States.

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Documents

Pipe - nucorskyline.com Library/Document Library/English... · Once the welding is complete, the finished pipe is visually inspected by Quality Control (QC) and, if required, Ultrasonic