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1. Agonist --------- (Peter Baumann)
A molecule or compound bind to the receptor and causes it to
response or activate.
2. Antagonist-------- (Duke Do)
A molecule or compound competes with the natural ligand to bind
with the receptor and
deactivate it.
3. Upregulation------- (Pankaj Jagasia)
Cells exposed for a prolonged period of time to very low
concentrations of a messenger
and have more receptors available.
4. Downregulation------ (John Majewski)
High concentration of a messenger is maintained outside of the
cell membrane causing
the receptors reduce in availability.
5. Signal Transduction----- (Anamika Mishty)
The diverse sequences of events link receptor activation to
cellular responses.
6. Protein Kinase------- (Sahba Safavi)This is the kinase enzyme
that modifies other proteins by transferring phosphate groupsfrom
the donor molecules like the ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) to
specific substrate
and this process calls phosphorylation usually results in a
functional change of the target
protein by changing enzyme activity, cellular location, or
association with other proteins.
7. First Messenger------ (Dennis Wang)
This is the extracellular chemical messenger to reach the cell
and bind to their specific
plasma membrane receptor.
8. Second Messenger---- (Deborah Brubaker)
This is the substances that enter or are generated in the
cytoplasm as a result of
receptor activation by the first messenger.
9. Neuron------- (Javier Giron)
Basic unit of the nervous system is the individual nerve cell.
Generating electrical signals
that move from one part of the cell to another part of the same
cell or to neighboring
cells by release of chemical messengers call neurotransmitters.
50% of the human CNSand the rest is glial cells
10. Central Nervous System-- (Wesley Jones)
(CNS) Composed of the brain and spinal cord
11. Peripheral Nervous System- (Francesca McGuffie)
The nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with the bodys
muscles, glands,
sense organ, and other tissues.
12. Synapse---- (Jean-Claude Momo)
Junction between 2 neurons where one neuron alters the
electrical and chemical activityof another. Most synapses occur
between an axon terminal of one neuron and a
dendrites or the cell body of a second neuron. But it could be
any other combinations:dendrites and dendrites, dendrites and cell
body, axon and axon.
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13. Neurotransmitter----- (Nitin Shankar)
The chemical messenger uses by the neuron for communication.
Cause EPSPs and IPSPs
14. Blood-Brain Barrier--- (Brendan Cummings)
Astrocyte is one type the glial cells that stimulate the
formation of tight junctionsbetween cells that make up the walls of
capillaries found in CNS or the blood-brain
barrier.
15. Apoptosis----- (Jessica Ha)
The neurons undergo a programmed self-destruction in the
developing of CNS.
16. Action Potential---- (Sora Kim)
The large alterations in the membrane potential; the membrane
potential may change
by as much as 100mV. Very rapid as brieaf as 1-4 mlSec and may
repeat at frequenciesof several hundred/second
17. Neuromodulator----- (Karan Mehta)
Via second messengers cause more complex metabolic effects in
the postsynaptic cell.
Its action is usually slower than neurotransmitter.18.
Sympathetic System----- (Alexander Novichenok)
One of the 3 major part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS or
visceral nervous
system or involuntary nervous system) or part of the peripheral
nervous system thatacts as a control system to mobilize the bodys
nervous system fight-or-flight response(a physiological reaction
that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack,
or
threat to survival.) It is constantly active at a basic level to
maintain homeostasis.
19. Parasympathetic System-- (Bradley Walker)
One of the 3 major part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) or
part of the
peripheral nervous system that regulate of internal organs and
glands occursunconsciously. It is responsible for stimulation of
rest-and-digest or feed-and breed
activities that occur when the body is at rest, especially after
eating,
includingsexualarousal,salivation,lacrimation(tears),urination,digestionanddefecation.
The enteric nervous system(ENS) or intrinsic nervous systemis
one of the main divisions oftheautonomic nervous systemand consists
of a mesh-like system ofneuronsthat governs the
function of thegastrointestinal system.[1]
The ENS is capable of autonomous functions[4] such as
thecoordination ofreflexes;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_arousalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_arousalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_arousalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_arousalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system#cite_note-Furness2008-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system#cite_note-Furness2008-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system#cite_note-Furness2008-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system#cite_note-Furness2008-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defecationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digestionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tearshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salivationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_arousalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_arousal
