Physiology

Professor Damian Czepita Department of Ophthalmology

Pomeranian Medical Academy Szczecin, Poland

http://sci.pam.szczecin.pl/~czepita

NEUROTRANSMITERS PRESENT IN THE RETINA OF VERTEBRATES

• ACETYLOCHOLINE (Ach) - product of choline acetylation - M

• DOPAMINE (DA) - catecholamine - D-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) -

product of glutamate decarboxylation - GABAergic

NEUROTRANSMITERS PRESENT IN THE RETINA OF VERTEBRATES

• GLUTAMATE - aminoacid - NMDA, AMPA/KAINIC, METABOTROPIC

• SEROTONINE (5-HT) - monoamine - S

RETINAL GANGLION CELL PROJECTIONS

• lateral geniculate body - diencephalon - visual perception

• pregeniculate nucleus - diencephalon - visual perception

• suprachiasmatic nucleus - diencephalon- circadian rhythms

RETINAL GANGLION CELL PROJECTIONS

• supraoptic nucleus - diencephalon - neuroendocrine regulation

• paraventricular nucleus - diencephalon - neuroendocrine regulation

• pulvinar - diencephalon - unknown

• superior colliculus - mesencephalon - visuomotor behavior, foveation

RETINAL GANGLION CELL PROJECTIONS

• accessory optic system - mesencephalon - optokinetic reflexes

• nucleus of the optic tract - mesencephalon - optokinetic reflexes

• pretectal nuclear complex - mesencephalon - pupillary responses

http://webvision.med.utah.edu/imageswv/LGN-Capa4.jpg

NEUROTRANSMITERS PRESENT IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF VERTEBRATES

• ACETYLOCHOLINE (Ach) - product of choline acetylation - M

• DOPAMINE (DA) - catecholamine - D-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) -

product of glutamate decarboxylation - GABAergic

NEUROTRANSMITERS PRESENT IN THE VISUAL CORTEX OF VERTEBRATES

• GLUTAMATE - aminoacid - NMDA, AMPA/KAINIC, METABOTROPIC

• SEROTONINE (5-HT) - monoamine - S

• NORADRENALINE (NA) - catecholamine -