Physiological bases of hemo dynamic

Kinds of blood movements

Formulas of hemodynamic

,*8

*4

l

PrQ

.8

r

lR

Functional types of vessels

Amortization or compensatory vessels

Resistive vessels

Functional types of vessels

Sphincters

Capillars

Functional types of vessels

Volume vessels

Shunts

Arterial pressure

Determine the influences of factors:

1. cardiac – systolic volume, speed of blood ejection from the ventricles, heart beat; 2. vascular – elastisity of compensatory arteries, tone of resistive vessels, volume of volume vessels;

3. blood – volume of blood, viscosity, hidrostatic pressure of blood.

Kinds of arterial pressure

1. Systolic or maximal2. Side or absolute systolic3. Stroke (hemodynamic)4. Diastolic or minimal5. Pulse6. Result –

де Р – middledynamic pressure; Pd – diastolic pressure; Pc – systolic pressure.Ideal prwessure:Systolic = 102 + (0,6 · age) mm Hg Diastolic = 63 + (0,4 · age) mm Hg

,3

PdPcPdP

Index Level of arterial pressure

Systolic, mm Hg

Diastolic, mm Hg

Оptimal AP < 120 < 80

Normal AP < 130 <85

Higher-normal АP 130-139 85-89

Hypertension І degree Measure hypertension

140-159 90-99

140-149 90-94

Hypertension ІI degree 160-179 100-109

Hypertension of IIІ degree >180 >110

Isolated systolic hypertension Measure hypertension

>140 <90

140-149 <90

Classification of hypertension (1999)

Classification of hypertension (NHLBI,NHLBI, 2003).

Index Level of arterial pressure

Systolic, mm Hg Diastolic, mm Hg

Normal AP < 120 < 80

Prehypertension 120-139 Або 80-89

Hypertension І degree

140-159 Або 90-99

Hypertension ІІ degree

>160 Або >100

Determination of AP

Sphygmogram

Anacrota -а

Catacrota b

Incisura (i)

Addition wave с or secondary increase

Arterial pulse

1. А. radialis

2. A. ulnaris

3. A. brachialis

4. A. carotica communis

5. А. temporalis

6. A. femoralis

7. A. dorsalis pedis

8. A. tibialis posterior

6

1

2

3

5

4

78

Basal tone of vessels. When arterial pressure suddenly increases local blood flow tends to increase. Than local blood flow decreases to normal level. Vessel walls are capable to prolonged tonic contraction without tiredness even at rest. Such a condition is supported by spontaneous myogenic activity of smooth muscles and efferent impulsation from autonomic nerve centers, which control arterial pressure. Partial state of contraction in blood vessels caused by continual slow firing of vasoconstrictor area is called vasculomotor tone.

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