BELL RINGER 08/13/2013 1. In order to determine the speed of an
object, what measurements must be made? In order to determine the
velocity of an object, what measurements must be made? A. distance,
time, and direction B. distance and mass C. time, distance, and
volume D. distance and time 2. If a squirrel runs 30 meters to the
left and then turns around and runs 60 meters to the right, what is
the squirrels total distance? What is the squirrels total
displacement?
Slide 5
DISTANCE VS. DISPLACEMENT Distance is how far something has
traveled. Displacement is how far out of place something is; it is
the objects overall change in position.
Slide 6
DISTANCE & DISPLACEMENT What is the displacement of the
cross-country team if they begin at the school, run 10 miles and
finish back at the school? What is the distance and the
displacement of the race car drivers in the Indy 500?
Slide 7
WORK IT OUT: PRACTICE A whale swims due east for a distance of
6.9km, turns around and goes due west for 1.8km, and finally turns
around again and heads 3.7km due east. What is the total distance
traveled by the whale? What is the displacement of the whale? An RV
travels 45 km east and stays the night at a KOA. The next day it
travels for 3 hours to the north, traveling 110 km. What is the
displacement over the two days for the RV?
Slide 8
SPEED & VELOCITY Speed=distance/time Remember triangle
method Velocity-the rate at which an object changes its position.
*It is speed (distance/time) with a direction.
Slide 9
SPEED & VELOCITY If a car travels 400m in 20 seconds how
fast is it going? If you move 50 meters in 10 seconds, what is your
speed? You arrive in my class 45 seconds after leaving math which
is 90 meters away. How fast did you travel?
Slide 10
SPEED & VELOCITY Polar bears are extremely good swimmers.
If a polar bear is swimming with an average of 2.6 m/s, how far
will it have traveled after 120 seconds? Tree sloths are the
slowest moving mammals. On average, their velocity is 0.743 m/s.
How long does it take a tree sloth moving at this velocity to
travel 22.3 m? A plane travels 500 miles east and lands in Arizona.
Then the plane travels another 500 miles east and lands in
California. The entire trip was completed in 5 hours. What is the
average velocity of the plane?
Slide 11
WHAT MAKES A GOOD GRAPH Motion of an object over a period of
time can be shown on a distance-time graph. TIME is plotted along
the HORIZONTAL axis, which is the x-axis. DISTANCE is plotted along
the LONGITUDINAL axis, which is the y-axis.
Slide 12
DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH *the steeper the slope the faster the speed
*horizontal=zero slope=zero speed
Slide 13
GRAPHING You may work with a partner. Keep voice levels down,
if you get too loud, you will return to your seats and work alone.
On your graph paper 1. Label the x axis (HORIZONTAL) as Time
(seconds) and the Y axis (LONGITUDINAL) as Distance (meters). 2.
Label X axis, start labeling time at zero and increase intervals by
5 seconds each (5, 10, 1550) 3. On the Y axis, start labeling
distance at zero and increase intervals by 2 meters each (2, 4,
640) 4. You will use the same time data for all the linesplot the
data..you should have three difference lines. 5. Color Code the
distance 1 in one color. Distance 2 in another, and distance 3 in
another color.
Slide 14
Slide 15
GRAPHING DATA Distance Kherington Traveled (m) Kherington s
Time (s) Distance Dane Traveled (m) Danes time (s) Distance Miller
Traveled (m) Millers Time (s) 254515 4108 3 61512154 82016206
102520259 123020301030 143520351335 164032401440 184536451645
205040501950
Slide 16
ANALYZE DATA WRITE ON BACK OF GRAPH PAPER 1. Who had the
fastest speed and explain why you think so? 2. Which of the three
had a constant speed? 3. What happened to Dane during the time
intervals of 25 to 35 seconds? 4. Calculate the average speed of
each. *Average speed is total distance (add up all the distances in
a persons column) divided by total time (add up all the times in a
persons column). Example: Kheringtons distance and time
2+4+6+8+10+12+14+16+18+20=110 5+10+15+20+25=75 110/75=1.46 5. Make
a summary statement about what the slope of the line tells you
about the speed.
Slide 17
BELL RINGER 08/14/2013 A helicopter is moving past some clouds
at a velocity of 5 km/hr north relative to the clouds. The clouds
are moving past the ground at a velocity of 3.5 km/hr north. How
fast is the helicopter going past the ground? A 2.5 km/hr B 3.5
km/hr C 5 km/hr D 8.5 km/hr If a shark is swimming with an average
of 6.4 m/s, how far will it have traveled after 360 seconds?
Slide 18
REVIEW Speed Velocity
Slide 19
ACCELERATION The rate that you can change your speed/velocity
is acceleration. Speeding up is a positive acceleration Slowing
down is a negative acceleration Acceleration = Final velocity
Initial velocity Time Average Acceleration = (Final Acceleration
Initial Acceleration) Time
Slide 20
ACCELERATION A lizard accelerates from 2 m/s to 10 m/s in 4
seconds. What is the lizards average acceleration? A runner covers
the last straight stretch of a race in 4 s. During that time, he
speeds up from 5 m/s to 9 m/s. What is the runners acceleration in
this part of the race? A car advertisement states that a certain
car can accelerate from rest to 70 km/h in 7 seconds. Find the cars
average acceleration.
Slide 21
LABTHINGS TO KNOW BEFORE LAB Hypothesis is an idea or
explanation that you then test through study and experimentation.
Independent variable is the variable that is varied or manipulated.
(HINT: What are you changing????) Dependent variable is the
response that is measured. If a response requires you to put your
units (cm, m, km,.) and you do not put them, IT IS WRONG!!!!
Slide 22
AMENDMENTS TO LAB Page 3, under ACCELERATION MINI-LAB, UNDER
INVESTIGATION MARK OUT measure out another meter from end of ramp,
and mark out every 50cm using a piece of tape on the ground. Page
3, under ACCELERATION MINI-LAB #4, mark out have all three timers,
YOU WILL ONLY HAVE ONE TIMER. Page 3, under ACCELERATION MINI-LAB
#5, mark out and100cm, you will only go to 50cm. Page 4, under
Questions /Conclusion #3, mark out 100cm and write 50cm.
Slide 23
LAB TIME Clear everything off of your desk, except textbooks
Need only pencil and a piece of paper Bags go under the desks or at
the back of the room, OUT OF THE WAY Working groups of 4 to 5, NO
MORE
Slide 24
REVIEW FOR QUIZ In order to determine the speed of an object,
what measurements must be made? In order to determine the velocity
of an object, what measurements must be made? A. distance, time,
and direction B. distance and mass C. time, distance, and volume D.
distance and time If a squirrel runs 30 meters to the left and then
turns around and runs 60 meters to the right, what is the squirrels
total distance? What is the squirrels total displacement?
Slide 25
REVIEW FOR QUIZ What is a reference point? Explain the
difference between displacement and distance. What formula does the
triangle method coincide with? Polar bears are extremely good
swimmers. If a polar bear is swimming with an average of 2.6 m/s,
how far will it have traveled after 120 seconds? If you move 50
meters in 10 seconds, what is your speed?
Slide 26
REVIEW FOR QUIZ Describe a distance-time graph How do we
determine acceleration? Bristan accelerates from 5 m/s to 10 m/s in
5 seconds. What is her average acceleration?
Slide 27
BELL RINGER 08/15/2013 If a projectile goes from 100 m/s to
1230m/s in 180 seconds what is its acceleration? What is its change
in velocity? A car is traveling at 50 m/s and suddenly slows to
15m/s in 5 seconds. What is the acceleration?
Slide 28
BELL RINGER 08/16/2013 What is the definition of displacement?
Give one example of a reference point in the classroom? At your
house?
Slide 29
SRI TESTING 1. Log in as you normally would 2. Turn off the
sound on the computer 3. Click on Desk tools from the Desktop 4.
Click on READ 180 Student Icon 5. Click on the SRI icon on the
lower left hand side of the screen 6. LOG IN WITH YOUR ID it is
USERNAME AND PASSWORD 7. Choose 1, 2, or 3 kinds of books you would
like to read, then click NEXT 8. Complete the Pre-Test 9. After
completing the Pre-Test, continue with the Assessment 10. After you
have finished, a screen will appear let me know, I will come over
once I see that screen and tell you, you can LOG OFF.
Slide 30
8/16/2013 AGENDA Finish lab if you have not finished WRITE ON
YOUR OWN PAPER, WRITE QUESTION AND ANSWER for Self-Check Section
Reviews Section 1 Self Check 1-7, page 46 Section 2 Self Check 1-7
page 51 ACCELERATION, SPEED, and VELOCITY problems, for #2 after in
seconds... put 5 seconds
Slide 31
BELL RINGER: MONDAY, 8/19/2013 If Steve throws the football 60
meters in 10 seconds, what is the speed of the football? -Take out
a sheet of paper for notes
Slide 32
WHAT IS FORCE? Force is a push or pull. It is described by its
strength and the direction in which it acts. Force is measured in
Newton's (N). Force is represented by an arrow. The arrow points in
the direction of the force and the length of the arrow tells you
the strength of the force.
Slide 33
FORCES The combination of all forces acting upon an object is
called the net force.
Slide 34
UNBALANCED FORCES Unbalanced forces acting on an object result
in a net force and cause a change in the objects motion or
direction.
Slide 35
BALANCED FORCES Equal forces acting on an object in opposite
directions are called balanced forces. There is no net force and
therefore the objects motion nor direction are changed.
Slide 36
VECTOR DIAGRAMS
Slide 37
PROBLEMS TO TRY ON YOUR OWN
Slide 38
BELL RINGER: TUESDAY, 08/20/2013 Two tugboats are moving a
barge. One tugboat pulls to the right with a force of 3000N and the
other pulls to the left with a force of 12000N. Draw the vector
diagram and give the net force. Four people are pulling on a box
with the forces shown below. If there are no other forces on the
box, in what direction will it move? A toward Diane B toward Bill C
toward the bottom D toward the right side
Slide 39
1.An airplane has a weight of 150,000N and a lift of 45,000N.
2.An airplane has a thrusting force of 200,000N and a drag force of
25,000N. 3.An airplane has a weight of 100,000N and a lift of
175,000N. 4.An airplane has a thrusting force of 100,000N and a
drag force of 200,000N. 5.An airplane has a weight of 75,000N and a
lift of 205,000N. 6.An airplane has a thrusting force of 80,000N
and a drag force of 175,000N. 7.An airplane has a weight of 25,000N
and a lift of 65,000N. 8.An airplane has a thrusting force of
65,000N and a drag 60,000N. 9. An airplane has a weight of 52,000N
and a lift of 61,000N. 10. An airplane has a thrusting force of
154,000N and drag of 452,000N. -Remember you must state draw the
vector diagram -Give the combined force (net force of the airplane
-State whether the forces are balanced or unbalanced -State what
will happen to the airplane.
Slide 40
NEWTONS FIRST LAW OF MOTION A.K.A. The law of inertia An object
at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in
motion, unless it is acted upon by an unbalanced force. Inertia is
the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. The more
mass an object has, then the greater the inertia.
Slide 41
EVERYDAY EXAMPLES OF NEWTONS FIRST LAW. car suddenly stops and
you strain against the seat belt when riding a horse, the horse
suddenly stops and you fly over its head the difficulty of pushing
a dead car
Slide 42
NEWTONS SECOND LAW OF MOTION Acceleration depends on the
objects mass and on the net force acting on the object.
Acceleration is measured in meters per second squared. (m/s 2 )
Acceleration (m/s 2 ) = net force (N) mass (kg) So, what could we
do to increase or decrease our acceleration?
Slide 43
EVERYDAY EXAMPLES OF NEWTONS SECOND LAW hitting a baseball, the
harder the hit, the faster the ball goes The positioning of
football players - massive players on the line with lighter (faster
to accelerate) players in the backfield a loaded versus an unloaded
truck
Slide 44
NEWTONS THIRD LAW OF MOTION If one object exerts a force on
another object, then the second object exerts a force of equal
strength in an opposite direction on the first object. Every action
has an equal and opposite reaction.
Slide 45
EVERYDAY EXAMPLES OF NEWTONS THIRD LAW
Slide 46
EVERYDAY EXAMPLES OF NEWTONS THIRD LAW two cars hit head on
astronauts in space pool or billiards
Slide 47
NEWTONS LAWS It takes less force to move a DVD than a DVD
player. A soccer ball will not move until a player kicks it. More
force=more acceleration. If air is let out of a balloon quickly,
air pushes down & balloon goes up. It takes less force to push
a bike than a motorcycle. Feet push down on the floor and the floor
pushes up as you walk across. 12 lb bowling ball goes faster down
the lane than a 15 lb bowling ball. Push a large box & a small
box with the same force, the small box will go faster.
Slide 48
NEWTONS LAWS It takes less force to move a DVD than a DVD
player. Newtons 2 nd Law A soccer ball will not move until a player
kicks it. Newtons 1 st Law More force=more acceleration. Newtons 2
nd Law If air is let out of a balloon quickly, air pushes down
& balloon goes up. Newtons 3 rd Law It takes less force to push
a bike than a motorcycle. Newtons 3 rd Law Feet push down on the
floor and the floor pushes up as you walk across. Newtons 1 st Law
12 lb bowling ball goes faster down the lane than a 15 lb bowling
ball. Newtons 2 nd Law Push a large box & a small box with the
same force, the small box will go faster. Newtons 2 nd Law
Slide 49
NEWTONS 3 FLAPS Supplies needed: piece of white paper,
scissors, markers/crayons, or a pencil 1. Fold paper hamburger
style 2. Cut three flaps 3. Outermost flaps should be labeled
(Newtons 1 st of Motion, Newtons Second Law of Motion, Newtons 3 rd
Law of Motion) 4. Inward flap should contain the scientific or
technical definition. 5. Innermost flap should contain a short or
easy definition. 6. The back should contain 2 everyday examples
(can be drawn or explained.
Slide 50
FRICTION AND GRAVITY The force that two surfaces exert on one
another when they rub against each other is called friction. The
strength of the force of friction depends upon two things: how hard
the surfaces push together and the types of surfaces involved.
Smoother surfaces tend to have less friction. While rougher
surfaces tend to have more friction.
Slide 51
FRICTION Friction acts in a direction opposite of the direction
of the objects motion.
Slide 52
TYPES OF FRICTION Static friction is friction that acts on
objects that are not moving. Sliding friction occurs when two solid
surfaces slide over each other.
Slide 53
TYPES OF FRICTION Rolling friction is friction that occurs as
an object rolls across a surface. Fluid friction occurs when a
solid object moves through a fluid such as water, oil and air.
Slide 54
BELL RINGER: WEDNESDAY, 08/21/2013 Bryer can travel 465 km in
10.5 hours what is his velocity? Keegan kicks a ball with her foot
and her toes are left stinging. What Newtons Law is this
describing?
Slide 55
NEWTONS SECOND LAW F=MA So, acceleration is produced when a
force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being
accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate
the object). The more mass, the harder it is to accelerate. The
bigger the force, the more the object accelerates.
Slide 56
NEWTONS GRAPHIC ORGANIC ORGANIZER If you havent finished
itfinish it today If you turned it in, you may get it back out and
see if there is anything else you need to add.
Slide 57
BELL RINGER: THURSDAY, 08/22/2013 Parsyn measures a small
rubber ball and then makes three other balls of the same diameter
from lead, foam, and wood. Which ball has the greatest inertia? A
the rubber ball B the lead ball C the foam ball D the wood ball DO
NOT FORGET YOU HAVE A QUIZ TODAY!!!
Slide 58
JIGSAW ACTIVITY After you have received a number from Ms.Hobbs,
take a seat at the table number on your slip of paper (it is only
for today). DO NOT WHINE DO NOT COMPLAIN!
Slide 59
JIGSAW: EXPERT GROUPS Who is it about? What is about? When
could it be taking place? Why is it important? How does it affect
MASS and WEIGHT?
Slide 60
MASS AND WEIGHT Is it possible for an object to change its
weight without changing its mass? Explain why or why not. What does
it mean for something to orbit around the Earth? What keeps the
space station in orbit anyway?
Slide 61
MASS AND WEIGHT What are those tricks, and how do they serve as
evidence that the astronauts are actually on board the space
station? If the Moons gravitational field strength is one-sixth
Earths, figure out what you would weigh on the Moon. Do you think
you would feel lighter or would you just appear lighter to someone
observing?
Slide 62
MASS AND WEIGHT What are some other demonstrations the
astronauts could do to prove theyre really in space? When youre on
a roller coaster, youll feel lighter at the top of the climb, just
before you head down. Is this similar to the weightlessness that
the astronauts experience? If so, how are they similar? Also, if
so, does it have the same cause? If not, why not? For a given
force, why do objects with less mass accelerate at a higher rate?
Does this also apply to objects with lower weight, too? Why or why
not? If you took a bowling ball to the Moon and dropped it onto the
Moons surface, would it be harder or easier (or the same) to lift
up the bowling ball? If you held it at arms length in front of you
with two hands, would it be harder or easier (or the same) to swing
the bowling ball left and right?
Slide 63
MASS AND WEIGHT ACTIVITY In the groups at your table diagram
the relative weight of an object as it moves away from Earth.
Compare an objects (astronaut, for example) theoretical weight at
the space stations orbital altitude with observable weight on board
the actual station to derive and understand the conditions that
create weightlessness on the space station.
Slide 64
MASS AND WEIGHT How would the weight of an object in space
differ based on whether its moving in orbit or remaining still
relative to the Earths surface? Since weight and mass are always
observed together on Earth, what do you think made scientists
wonder about whether there was a difference in the first place?
When people try to lose weight, are they really trying to lose
weight, or are they trying to lose mass? What do you think? Why do
you think an objects observable weight increases near a black hole?
What do you think happens to its mass?
Slide 65
MASS AND WEIGHT
Slide 66
BELL RINGER: FRIDAY, 08/22/2013 1. The weight of a person on
Earth is 6 times his or her weight on the Moon. What type of force
is responsible for a persons weight? A inertial B electromagnetic C
gravitational D mechanical 2. What is the formula for Newtons
Second Law of Motion? A A=F/m B F=ma C F=mg D M=F/a
Slide 67
TODAY: FRIDAY, 08/23/2013 Complete the following individually
you may use your book or your notes: F=ma handout can write on!
MASS and WEIGHT Worksheet can write on! ON YOUR OWN SHEET OF PAPER,
WRITE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Page 69, 1-3, Practice Problems Page
74, 1-5 Self Check Section Review Page 82, 1-8 Self Check Section
Review Page 86, 1-3 Practice Problems Page 88, 1-7 Self Check
Section Review Forces/Newtons Laws/Mass and Weight Handout can
write on! SHOW ALL OF YOUR WORK IT IS DUE FOR A GRADE BY THE END OF
THE PERIOD!!
Slide 68
DEMO Please get up and move to the back of the room by tables
WITHOUT TALKING! Please place ALL of yourselves inside the circle
WITHOUT TALKING!! DO NOT ASK QUESTIONS FOLLOW DIRECTIONS!
Slide 69
BELL RINGER: MONDAY, 08/26/2013 1. Create a circle map. Motion
should be in the center circle and everything you know about motion
should be in the outer circle.
Slide 70
ATOMS Everywhere Everything Atoms Elements Molecules
Compounds
Slide 71
KINETIC THEORY 1. All matter is composed of small particles
(atoms, molecules, and ions.) 2. These particles are in constant,
random motion. 3. These particles are colliding with each other and
the walls of their container.
Slide 72
PHASES OF MATTER Solids Liquids Gases Matter can change states
through heating or cooling
Slide 73
PHASES OF MATTER. DRAW ON YOUR OWN PIECE OF PAPER
SolidLiquidGas 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ***3 columns, 6 rows
Slide 74
SOLIDS 1. Solids have definite shape and definite volume
Crystalline solids a. Highly ordered arrangement of particles b.
Definite melting point c. Ex: Table sugar, salts, metals Amorphous
solids a. Irregular arrangement of particles b. No definite melting
point c. Ex: Plastics, glass
Slide 75
SOLIDS 2. Particles are close together and may vibrate in place
3. Very strong forces of attraction. The higher the melting point
of a substance, the stronger the forces of attraction. 4. Solids do
not diffuse measurably 5. Crystalline solids do not flow. Amorphous
solids may flow very slowly (VERY high viscosity)
Slide 76
LIQUID 1. Liquids have no definite shape they take the shape of
their container. They have definite volume they cannot be
compressed. 2. Particles are close together and move randomly. 3.
Strong forces of attraction 4. Liquids diffuse slowly 5. Viscosity
ranges from low to high
Slide 77
GAS 1. Gases have no definite shape they take the shape of
their container. They have no definite volume they may be
compressed. 2. Particles are far apart and move randomly. Gases
have 1/1000 the density of liquids or solids 3. Very weak forces of
attraction. 4. Gases diffuse rapidly 5. Very low viscosity
Slide 78
BEHAVIORS OF GASES Particles in a REAL gas have their own
volume attract each other Gas behavior is most ideal at low
pressures at high temperatures in nonpolar atoms/molecules
Slide 79
BEHAVIORS OF GASES Temperature Always use absolute temperature
(Kelvin) when working with gases. F C K -45932212 -2730100 0273373
K = C + 273
BEHAVIOR OF GASES Manometer -measures contained gas pressure
U-tube Manometer Bourdon-tube gauge
Slide 82
BEHAVIORS OF GASES: PRESSURE Key units at sea level: 101.325
kPa (kilopascal) 1 atm 760 mm Hg 760 torr 14.7 psi kPa=N m 2
Slide 83
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: STP Standard Temperature & Pressure
Standard Temperature & Pressure 0Cor 273 K 1 atm01.325 kPa
Slide 84
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: BOYLES LAW A gas occupies 100. mL at 150.
kPa. Find its volume at 200. kPa. Given:Work: V 1 = 100. mL P 1 =
150. kPa V 2 = ? P 2 = 200. kPa (150.kPa)(100.mL)=(200.kPa)V 2 V 2
= 75.0 mL P 1 V 1 T 2 = P 2 V 2 T 1
Slide 85
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: BOYLES LAW
Slide 86
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: CHARLESS LAW V T
Slide 87
The volume and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly
related at constant mass & pressure As the temperature of the
gas increases, so does its volume, and as its temperature
decreases, so does its volume. V T
Slide 88
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: CHARLESS LAW A gas occupies 473 cm 3 at 36C.
Find its volume at 94C. Given:Work: V 1 = 473 cm 3 T 1 = 36C = 309K
V 2 = ? T 2 = 94C = 367K P 1 V 1 T 2 = P 2 V 2 T 1 (473 cm 3 )(367
K)=V 2 (309 K) V 2 = 562 cm 3
Slide 89
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: CHARLESS LAW
Slide 90
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: GAY-LUSSACS LAW P T
Slide 91
The pressure and absolute temperature (K) of a gas are directly
related at constant mass & volume. P T
Slide 92
BEHAVIOR OF GASES: GAY-LUSSACS LAW A gas pressure is 765 torr
at 23C. At what temperature will the pressure be 560. torr?
Given:Work: P 1 = 765 torr T 1 = 23C = 296K P 2 = 560. torr T 2 = ?
(765 torr)T 2 = (560. torr)(309K) T 2 = 226 K = -47C P 1 V 1 T 2 =
P 2 V 2 T 1
