Upload
lorraine-flynn
View
216
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/16/11Date :2/16/11Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.identify the difference between ionic and 1.identify the difference between ionic and covalent compoundscovalent compounds2.Learn about the bonds 2.Learn about the bonds Review Questions:Review Questions:Name the followingName the followingNp______Np______Er_______Er_______Other instructions:Other instructions:Lab .Rolling for a compound.Lab .Rolling for a compound.Homework:Homework:Do Work sheet for naming compoundDo Work sheet for naming compound
Physical SciencePhysical Science 09/29/1009/29/10Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:
1.Reteach the element’s place in the 1.Reteach the element’s place in the periodic chartperiodic chart2.Reteach naming and writing the formula 2.Reteach naming and writing the formula for compoundsfor compounds
Review Questions:Review Questions:1. Explain a cation1. Explain a cation
Other instructions:Other instructions:
Lab.Submit the work sheet before you Lab.Submit the work sheet before you leave leave
Homework:Homework: Do the work sheet Do the work sheet
IonsIons• An atom with a charge.• It can be positive or negative in
charge.• It can be obtain by loosing or gaining
electrons. (Protons never change)
CationsCations
• Are always positive in charge.• Obtain by loosing electrons.• Always going to be a metal• Written using the symbol with a + sign• Ex. Na+ Proton – 11, electron -10• Roman numerals are used to show the
charge of certain metals.• Ex: Fe 3+ is named as Iron III
AnionsAnions• Are always negative in charge.• Obtain by gaining electrons• Always going to be a nonmetal• Written using a symbol with a
negative sign.• Ex: Cl – (Proton -17 ,electron -18)
What is an oxidation number?What is an oxidation number?
• valence electron: electron in the outermost energy level of an atom
• oxidation number: number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares when it forms a chemical bond
What is a chemical What is a chemical equation?equation?
chemical equation: *chemical formula that describe a
chemical reactioncoefficient: • number that shows how many
molecules of a substance are in a chemical reaction
• Used to balance an equation
Ionic CompoundIonic Compound• Metal and a nonmetal combined. • Always a cation and anion• Net charge will be zero.• Named as metal first ,then the nonmetal
that ends with ide,ite,ate.• Ex. Sodium Chloride (Name) NaCl (Symbol)• To write the symbol use the crisscross
method to cancel the charges.• Ex:
Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/17/11Date :2/17/11Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.understsnd to name compounds that contain 1.understsnd to name compounds that contain polyatomic ionspolyatomic ions2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical 2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical compounds compounds Review Questions:Review Questions:1.Three exceptions of polyatomic ions.1.Three exceptions of polyatomic ions.______________________________________________________________________________Other instructions:Other instructions:Finish the Open book pre testFinish the Open book pre testHomework:Homework:Do Work sheet for polyatomic ionsDo Work sheet for polyatomic ions
Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/17/11Date :2/17/11Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.understsnd to name compounds that contain 1.understsnd to name compounds that contain polyatomic ionspolyatomic ions2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical 2.Learn to write the formula for a chemical compounds compounds Review Questions:Review Questions:1.Explain cations.1.Explain cations.______________________________________________________________________________Other instructions:Other instructions:Finish the work sheet with the teacherFinish the work sheet with the teacherHomework:Homework:Do Work sheet for polyatomic ionsDo Work sheet for polyatomic ions
Physical SciencePhysical Science Date 02/21/11Date 02/21/11
Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.Learn about the covalent compounds1.Learn about the covalent compounds2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds 2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds Review Questions:Review Questions:1.Write the formula for sodium phosphide?1.Write the formula for sodium phosphide?______________________________________________________________________________Other instructions:Other instructions:1.Finish the “October Sky” and submit the work 1.Finish the “October Sky” and submit the work sheetsheet2.Do Work sheet with the teacher2.Do Work sheet with the teacherHomework:Homework: Do the work sheet for the compounds. Do the work sheet for the compounds.
Metals with multiple ionsMetals with multiple ions• Many transition metals have more
than one oxidation number.• It is always indicated with roman
Numeral number.• Ex: Copper II Copper I Chromium II Chromium III
Two types of ionic Two types of ionic compoundscompounds
• Binary ionic compound• *Contain two elements• *Contain a metal and a nonmetal• Ex: NaCl
Polyatomic ionPolyatomic ion• is a group of atoms that acts as a single
atom.• have an overall electrical charge.• atoms are held together by covalent bonds.• If there is more than one polyatomic ion in a
molecule, the polyatomic ion is written in parentheses.
. End with ite or ateEX: SO3
2- Sulfite (one less Oxygen than the ate) (Charge will be same)
SO42- Sulfate (Charge will be same)
3 Exceptions in the 3 Exceptions in the polyatomic ionspolyatomic ions
• Ammonium polyatomic cation that not ending with “ite” or “ate” ending
NH+4 - Ammonium
NH+3 -Ammonia
• Cyanide CN-
• Hydroxide OH-
Ternary Ionic compoundTernary Ionic compound• Contain a metal and a polyatomic ion• Contain three or more elements• Or contain a poly atomic cation and a
nonmetal• Or contain two polyatomic ions.
• Ex: Na2 SO4 ( 3 elements)
• Ex: Ca(SO4)2 (more than one polyatomic ions, you must use a parenthesis around it)
Covalent Compounds Covalent Compounds (Molecular compounds)(Molecular compounds)
• Always going to be nonmetals combined
• Identify or name using prefix for the number of atoms.
• Ex:
Prefix for covalent Prefix for covalent compoundcompound
• Mono -1• Di-2• Tri-3• Tetra-4• Penta-5• Hexta-6• Septa-7• Octa-8• Nano-9• Deca-10
Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/16/09Date :2/16/09
Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.Learn about the Chemical bond1.Learn about the Chemical bond
2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds 2.Identify the ionic and covalent bonds
Review Questions:Review Questions:1.An atom’s mass number equals the 1.An atom’s mass number equals the number of ________________________number of ________________________
Other instructions:Other instructions:
Lab. Chemical bonding Lab. Chemical bonding
Homework:Homework: Do the work sheet Do the work sheet
Chemical bonds Chemical bonds • are the force that join two or more
atoms. • A stable compound occurs. • a net (total) attractive force
between the atoms .
Two types of bondsTwo types of bonds• Covalent bond: one or more pairs of
electrons are shared by two atoms.• Ionic bond: one or more electrons
from one atom are removed and attached to another atom.
• resulting in positive and negative ions which attract each other.
Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds
• involve the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms
Ionic Bonds Ionic Bonds • one or more atoms lose electrons
and other atoms gain
Ionization energyIonization energy• The amount of energy used to remove an
electron is known as the ionization energy• Varies from element to elements• Energy increases from left to right(less
reactive)• Energy decreases from top to
bottom(easy to remove the electron, so it will be more reactive)
• Ex: K is more reactive than Na
Crystal LatticesCrystal Lattices• an ionic compound particles are
arranged in a repeating pattern • The attractions keeps the ions in a
fixed position in a frame work (lattice)• Ex:LiCl
Na
11
Cl
17
CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral
neutral
(metal) (nonmetal)
Na
11
Cl
17
CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral
neutral
(metal) (nonmetal)
Na
11
Cl
17
CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral
neutral
(metal) (nonmetal)
Na
11
Cl
17
CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral
neutral
(metal) (nonmetal)
Na
11
Cl
17
CHARGE OF ATOM CHARGE OF ATOMneutral
neutral
(metal) (nonmetal)
[Na] 1+
11
[Cl] 1-
17
CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive
negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)
(metal) (nonmetal)
[Na] 1+
11
[Cl] 1-
17
CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive
negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)
(metal) (nonmetal)
[Na] 1+
11
[Cl] 1-
17
CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive
negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)
(metal) (nonmetal)
[Na] 1+
11
[Cl] 1-
17
CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive
negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)
(metal) (nonmetal)
[Na] 1+
11
[Cl] 1-
17
CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive
negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)
(metal) (nonmetal)
[Na] 1+
11
[Cl] 1-
17
CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive
negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)
(metal) (nonmetal)
[Na] 1+
11
[Cl] 1-
17
CHARGE OF ion CHARGE OF ionpositive
negative Ionic Bond(cation) (anion)
(metal) (nonmetal)
What is a diatomic What is a diatomic molecule?molecule?
• is made up of two atoms of the same element
• is usually held together by a covalent bond.
• Most gaseous elements form diatomic molecules.
7 diatomic molecules7 diatomic molecules
• Hydrogen( H2),
• Oxygen ( O2),
• Nitrogen (N2),
• Fluorine (F2),
• Chlorine(Cl2),
• Bromine (Br2)
• Iodine(I2)
Metallic BondsMetallic Bonds• Is the attraction between a
metal cation and the shared electrons that surround it
• More valance electrons in a metal-stronger the metallic bond
Physical SciencePhysical Science Date :2/25/2010Date :2/25/2010Instructional Objective:Instructional Objective:1.Name the ionic and covalent compounds1.Name the ionic and covalent compounds2. Formula for ionic and covalent compounds2. Formula for ionic and covalent compoundsReview Questions:Review Questions:write the formula for the followingwrite the formula for the following
1.Sodiumphosphate1.Sodiumphosphate__________________________________________________________________
Other instructions:Other instructions:Finish the work sheet (Use the rollercoaster Finish the work sheet (Use the rollercoaster book from under your desk).book from under your desk).Homework:Homework:Study for the unit testStudy for the unit test