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• Rule of Constant Proportions– Ratio of ion/chloride constant
– As total salinity changes, major ion concentrations change proportionately
– Normal seawater – measure Cl, caluclate other major ion concentrations
Chemical Properties of Seawater
• 35 o/oo total salinity
– Ca 0.412 o/oo Cl 19.344 o/oo
– Ca/Cl 0.0212
• 32 o/oo total salinity
– Ca 0.377 o/oo Cl 17.686 o/oo
– Ca/Cl 0.0212
• Conservative Ions– Do not participate in chemical or biochemical reactions– Chloride Cl-
– Sodium Na+
– Sulfate SO4++
– Magnesium Mg++
– Calcium Ca++
– Potassium K+
• Non-Conservative Ions– Do NOT follow Rule of Constant Proportions
– Variable concentration
– Participate in chemical or biochemical reactions
Bicarbonate CO3
Nitrate NO3
Phosphate PO4
Silica SiO2
Chemical Properties of Seawater
• Sources and Sinks of Salts
RT = total amount of substance in oceans rate at which substance is added (or removed)
Chemical Properties of Seawater