BOOK REVIEWS

AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGICALSTRUCTURES AND MAPS by G. M. Bennison andK. A. Moseley. Arnold, London, 1997. No. of pages:129. Price: £9.99 (paperback).GEOLOGICAL MAPS, AN INTRODUCTION by A.Maltman. John Wiley, Chichester, 1998. No. of pages:260. Price: £19.99 (paperback).

As someone about to embark upon rewriting anundergraduate ®rst year maps course it was timely toreceive two textbooks on geological map-work to review.It is highly unlikely that a single textbook will corres-pond to an individual's course plan and will be of directuse in a large number of classes. However, it is importantto identify texts that are compatible with course style,convention and content and enable students to expandtheir experience of geological maps at their own paceand in their own time.The book by Bennison and Moseley sets out to be a

link from A-Level and OU courses to undergraduatelevel. Chapters 1 and 2 outline the geometrical funda-mentals of geological maps, and Chapters 3±5 explorethe expression of unconformities, folds and faults inmaps. Chapter 6 describes the interpretation of mapswithout applying graphical techniques, and Chapters 7and 8 describe more complex fold and fault geometriesand the complications associated with igneous bodies.Chapter 9 introduces maps in the context of planetarygeology, Chapter 10 provides some economic geologyproblems and Chapter 11 looks at complex structures.This is a revision of a classic text: the carefully designedproblem maps with a single unchanging key have been amainstay of undergraduate teaching for two decades. I'msure they will continue to play this role. The gradualdevelopment of geometrical complexity and the toolsrequired to characterize map geometry provide a greatstrength and make this book easily accessible across therange of levels at which it is aimed. However, I personallywould not recommend students to use this text asthe structural and sedimentological terminology and

concepts are outdated and are likely to lead to confusionand misconception. The text encourages the use ofvertical exaggeration in cross-section construction with-out explaining the implications for dips and bedthicknesses. In my own approach to maps verticalexaggeration is taboo.

Maltman is a text that will serve undergraduatesthrough their entire degree. This is a thick text, althoughthis corresponds to thoroughness, as the book isextremely concise. Introductory Chapters 1 and 2 pro-vide an essential background in topography, scale andwhat comprises a geological map. Chapters 3±6 providesome of the tools needed to examine geological maps,Chapters 7±9 look at particular geological features(unconformities, folds, faults, etc.) and Chapters 10±13explain uses and importance of geological maps. Chapter14 provides historical background. The ®nal chapter givesan overly brief explanation of how geological maps areproduced. The concept that information can be extractedfrom a geological map simply by looking at it is wellplaced early in the text (in Chapter 2), although I think®rst year undergraduates would need help through thissection. Most texts start with the concept of straightstructure contours, corresponding to perfectly planarfeatures, andmany students are inevitably confused whentrying to apply the structure contour concept to morecomplex geometries and to real maps. A particularstrength of this text is that structure contour geometryis generalized from the outset. This approach typi®es thistext book: it remains thorough, without oversimpli®ca-tion yet accessible and understandable by students.Part of the success lies in the quality of the explanatorydiagrams that link map geometry to three-dimensionalpictures. The colour plates provide an excellent intro-duction to real maps and provide an international¯avour. I thoroughly recommend Maltman as anaccompanying text to undergraduate map courses at alllevels.

D. J. PRIOR

Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL

Geol. J. 35: 133±135 (2000)

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL HYDROGEOLOGY(2nd edition) by Patrick Domenico and Franklin W.Schwartz. John Wiley, Chichester, 1997. No. of pages:506. Price: £34.95 (hardback). ISBN 0-471-59762-7.

The revised, second edition of Physical and ChemicalHydrogeology guides the reader from the basic principles

of hydrogeology (Chapter 1) through the key aspects ofthe subject, culminating at in situ remediation and riskassessment (Chapter 21). In producing this revisededition Domenico and Schwartz have reorganized thestructure of the original edition and incorporatedrelevant scienti®c advances. The reorganization hasinvolved an attempt by the authors at producing each

chapter as a separate module. To achieve this, somerestructuring of the ®rst edition was undertaken. Forexample, the section dealing with tracer tests was movedfrom `process and parameter identi®cation' in Chapter18 (®rst edition) to `solute transport' (Chapter 10,second edition). Generally these modi®cations haveimproved the presentation of the various subjects andmake it easier for the reader to study speci®c aspects,improving the book's applicability as a textbook.Recent advances, since the publication of the ®rst

edition, are also well covered. For example, part ofChapter 21 introduces the reader to risk assessments,de®ning the philosophies of Risk Assessments and pre-senting a case study. In the UK, Risk Assessments arerapidly becoming a standard approach in the utilizationof contaminated land. In most cases there are generallylimited funds available for site remediation and theapplication of risk-based cleanup levels (RBCLs) areused to determine the level of remedial activities. Workedexamples and problems with numerical solutions arepresent in most chapters. These help considerably to

demonstrate the points discussed and allow the reader tomore clearly understand how theory is applied in prac-tice. From a British perspective, one shortcoming is thatvirtually all of the worked example problems and casestudies are American. Whilst this does not detract fromthe illustration of principles, some UK and internationalexamples would be useful.

An interactive computer code, WELLZ, is suppliedwith the book. This is easy to install and allows the userto estimate draw-down due to one or more pumpingwells. Although a fairly basic program it aids the stud-ents' understanding of this speci®c subject and demon-strates the application of computer-based modelling tohydrogeology.

In summary, this book represents an excellent andclearly presented textbook/reference book for advancedundergraduates/postgraduate-level students studyinghydrogeology and contaminant hydrogeology. As adetailed text it represents good value for money.

RHODA CAMPBELL

ADVANCES IN AGGREGATES AND ARMOUR-STONE EVALUATION edited by J.-P. Latham.Engineering Geology Special Publication No. 13, Geo-logical Society, London, 1998. No. of pages: 201. Price:£59 (hardback). ISBN 1-86239-000-2.

This book presents a selection of research papers givento an Extractive Industries Geology Conference atWarwick, UK in 1996.Part I is concerned with marine sand and gravel

resources. Harrison et al. provide a useful overview ofsand and gravel resources on the Northern EuropeanContinental Shelf and provide some information on ratesof extraction. The variability of these deposits in terms oftheir geological origins is stressed but there is littleinformation on how this re¯ects in variations in lateralfacies and aggregate quality. Such problems are, how-ever, considered in an interesting paper by Selby andOoms who consider the reliable assessment of o�shoredeposits and the in¯uence this has on e�cient dredging,maintenance of quality and environmental impact. Thepaper deals particularly with dredging operations aroundHong Kong and concludes that a thorough, integratedsite investigation will enhance dredging e�ciency andpro®tability as well as minimizing environmental impact.Bellamy discusses the application of a knowledge ofQuaternary geology to the o�shore UK extractiveindustry and provides interpretations of seismic pro®lesfrom various areas. The ®nal paper in this section byArthurton describes the availability of materials aroundthe UK for beach recharge. It is perhaps surprising thatneither this paper nor any of the others in this section

discuss whether predicted sea level rise and isostaticchanges will have any consequences for the o�shoreaggregates industry in the next century.

Part II deals with armourstone evaluation and shingleperformance assessment. This continues the coastaltheme but the link with Part I is perhaps a little tenuous.Thomas opens with a brief review of rock armour andbeach recharge considering environmental, legal andeconomic factors. There follows a penetrating discussionof armourstone quality with particular reference to itsassessment and speci®cations by J.-P. Latham. There iscriticism of the CIRIA/CUR speci®cation for armour-stone. Lienhart provides a somewhat simplistic rockengineering rating system for assessing the suitability ofarmourstone sources and this is followed by a descriptionof a particular armourstone quarry in the Malaysianjungle. Latham et al. look at the relative abrasion rates ofsandstone, chalk and basalt from laboratory predictionsand compare them with ®eld tests on a beach and ®nd areasonable correlation.

Part III deals mainly with technical papers on aggre-gate testing including use of micro-Duval tests, AAV testsand PSV tests. There is, however, also a brief paper byButler and Harrison on the investigation of some alter-native aggregates for use in concrete. Given the recentGovernment push in this direction in MPG 6 one mighthave hoped for rather more on this subject.

This book comprises a useful selection of papers, someof which are research oriented and others more descrip-tive, drawn together into a well edited volume.

T. PETER CRIMES

134 BOOK REVIEWS

Copyright # 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Geol. J. 35: 133±135 (2000)