Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis and RespirationRespiration

They maintain a constant amount of They maintain a constant amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the oxygen and carbon dioxide in the

environment environment

Why are these processes important?

•They provide the energy needed by all organisms.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

What are Its Raw What are Its Raw Materials?Materials?

Water which is absorbed by Water which is absorbed by the plants roots.the plants roots.

Carbon Dioxide which is a Carbon Dioxide which is a gas in the atmosphere that gas in the atmosphere that passes through the stomata passes through the stomata of the plant’s leaves.of the plant’s leaves.

What are its Products? Glucose – a sugar which Glucose – a sugar which provides the energy cells need.provides the energy cells need.

Oxygen – needed by most Oxygen – needed by most organisms to perform respirationorganisms to perform respiration

Why is Photosynthesis Why is Photosynthesis Important?Important? It provides all organisms with glucose. It provides all organisms with glucose. The sugar, glucose, is the main source The sugar, glucose, is the main source

of energy the cells need to carry out of energy the cells need to carry out important functions.important functions.

• It releases oxygen into the atmosphere. Oxygen is needed by most organisms to perform respiration.

What Kinds of Organisms What Kinds of Organisms Perform Photosynthesis?Perform Photosynthesis?

Autotrophs are Autotrophs are organisms that can organisms that can make their own food make their own food by performing by performing photosynthesis.photosynthesis.

Plants and some Plants and some algae are autotrophs algae are autotrophs that perform that perform photosynthesis.photosynthesis.

What Are the Two Stages What Are the Two Stages of Photosynthesis?of Photosynthesis?

Stage One: Capturing the Sun’s EnergyStage One: Capturing the Sun’s Energy

Plants absorb the sun’s energy through the green pigment, chlorophyll which is in the cells of their leaves. Chlorophyll is found in the organelles called chloroplast.

What is the Second Stage What is the Second Stage of Photosynthesis?of Photosynthesis?

Stage Two: Using energy to Make FoodStage Two: Using energy to Make Food

The plants use the sun’s energy to produce glucose and release oxygen.

The Photosynthesis The Photosynthesis EquationEquation

6CO6CO2 2 + 6H+ 6H22OO

It means that:

6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water produce 1 molecule of glucose and 6 molecules of oxygen.

What does the equation mean?

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

RespirationRespiration

What are its Raw What are its Raw Materials?Materials?

OxygenOxygen GlucoseGlucose

What are its Products?

Carbon Dioxide

Water

Energy

Why is Respiration Why is Respiration Important?Important?

Most organisms consume glucose as an Most organisms consume glucose as an energy source.energy source.

Cellular respiration is important because Cellular respiration is important because it releases the energy that is contained in it releases the energy that is contained in the glucose molecules.the glucose molecules.

Respiration breaks down the glucose Respiration breaks down the glucose molecules into a form of energy the cells molecules into a form of energy the cells can use.can use.

What kind of Organisms What kind of Organisms Perform RespirationPerform Respiration

Both Autotrophs and Both Autotrophs and Heterotrophs perform Heterotrophs perform respiration.respiration.

Most organisms need Most organisms need to perform respiration to perform respiration in order to release in order to release the energy contained the energy contained in the glucose.in the glucose.

What Are the Two Stages What Are the Two Stages of Respirationof Respiration

It takes place in the cytoplasm.It takes place in the cytoplasm. The glucose molecules are broken down into smaller The glucose molecules are broken down into smaller

molecules.molecules. No oxygen and very little energy is released for this No oxygen and very little energy is released for this

stage.stage. It breaks down the glucose so that it is small enough to It breaks down the glucose so that it is small enough to

enter the mitochondria.enter the mitochondria.

Stage One

Stage TwoStage Two

It takes place in the mitochondriaIt takes place in the mitochondria The smaller glucose molecules are broken The smaller glucose molecules are broken

down into even smaller molecules.down into even smaller molecules. Oxygen is required and a lot of energy is Oxygen is required and a lot of energy is

released.released. Carbon dioxide and water is also released.Carbon dioxide and water is also released. Cells store and use the energy to carry out Cells store and use the energy to carry out

their life processestheir life processes

Comparing Comparing Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis and RespirationRespiration

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis RespirationRespiration

Its an energy making process.

Its raw materials are carbon dioxide and water.

Its products are glucose and oxygen.

Its an energy releasing process.

Its raw materials are glucose and oxygen.

Its products are carbon dioxide, water and energy.

Opposite ProcessesOpposite Processes

Respiration and Photosynthesis are opposite Respiration and Photosynthesis are opposite processes. Each process uses the other’s processes. Each process uses the other’s products as its raw materials.products as its raw materials.

In this way, photosynthesis and respiration In this way, photosynthesis and respiration recycle recycle carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide and and oxygenoxygen in our in our environment. environment.

This keeps the levels of these gases fairly This keeps the levels of these gases fairly constant in our atmosphere.constant in our atmosphere.

Respiration EquationRespiration Equation

6CO6CO22 + 6H + 6H22O + energyO + energy

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22

It means 1 glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules yields or produces 6 carbon dioxide molecules , 6 water molecules and energy.

What is FermentationWhat is Fermentation

Fermentation provides energy for cells Fermentation provides energy for cells without using oxygen.without using oxygen.

Organisms that live in environments that Organisms that live in environments that contain no oxygen need to use contain no oxygen need to use fermentation to release energy for their fermentation to release energy for their cells to use.cells to use.

What Are the Two Forms What Are the Two Forms of Fermentation?of Fermentation?

Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic FermentationLactic-Acid Lactic-Acid FermentationFermentation

Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

Used by yeast and other single-celled Used by yeast and other single-celled organisms.organisms.

Its products are alcohol and carbon Its products are alcohol and carbon dioxide.dioxide.

These products are used by bakers and These products are used by bakers and brewers.brewers.

Lactic-AcidLactic-AcidFermentationFermentation

Used by some organisms when oxygen in their Used by some organisms when oxygen in their bodies have been used up too quickly. Ex. bodies have been used up too quickly. Ex. HumansHumans

This process is used by most cells when This process is used by most cells when oxygen is not available and energy is needed.oxygen is not available and energy is needed.

It produces lactic acid which causes muscles to It produces lactic acid which causes muscles to feel weak, sore and tired. Ex. A leg crampfeel weak, sore and tired. Ex. A leg cramp

The EndThe End