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7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
1/15
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
2/15
PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
Quickreferenceforsettingupyourdigitalcamera
ThisinformationcanalsobefoundintheIntroductionandChapter1ofyourbook.
EachcameratypeandmodelwillhaveaslightlydifferentMenulayoutandpossibly
differentnamesforthefollowingterms.Pleaseaskforassistanceand/orconsultyour
cameramanualifyouhavetroublemakingthefollowingsettings.
OnYourCamera:
1. CameraMode:SetyourcameratoManualMode:M2. Focus:SetyourcameratoeitherManualFocusMForAutofocusAF.Thisisa
personalchoice,butmostmoderncamerasareeasiertouseinAFmode.
ReasonsforusingbothMFandAFwillbediscussed.
3. ISO:SetyourISOto200or400.Thismaybeanoptionthatyoucansetonyourcamera.Ifnot,itcanbesetintheShootingMenu.
IntheShootingorCameraMenu:
1. ImageQuality:Youhaveacoupleofchoiceshere.IfyourcameraiscapableofcapturingRAWfiles,setyourcameratoRAW+JpegL(Large).Ifyour
cameraisnotcapableofcapturingRAWfiles,setyourcameratoJpegL
(Large).Ifyoulike,youcanjustuseJpegsforourinitialassignmentsasRAW
filesaremuchlarger(takeupmorememory)thanJpegs.
2. WhiteBalance(WB):Fornow,setyourWBtoAuto.Ourinitialassignmentswillbeprocessedasblack-and-whiteimagessowedontreallyneedtoworry
aboutwhitebalancefornow.
IntheSetUpMenu:
1. FormatMemoryCard:Itisimportanttoperformthisfunctionwitheverynewmemorycard.Pleasegetinthehabitofreformattingyourcardsafter
everydownload.However,makesurethatyourimagesarebackedup
BEFOREyoureformat.Reformattingremovesanyartifactsthatmaybeleft
onyourcardfromprevioususage.
2. CleanImageSensor:Itsagoodideatodothisregularlylikeeverytimeyourreformatamemorycard.
IntheCustomSettingsMenu:
1. FileNumberSequence:SetthistoContinuous.Thisallowsthefilenumbersfortheimagesthatyoucreatetocontinuesequentiallyandwillprevent
confusionwithfilenumberduplication.
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IntheCameraorPlaybackorReviewMenu:
1. TurnRevieworAutoReviewoff.ThiswillpreventyourcamerafromautomaticallydisplayingeachshotintheLCDpreviewscreen.Thisalso
conservesbatterypowerandsavestimewhenshooting(especiallyifyouare
photographingviatheLCDwithpointandshootcameras).YoucanalwayspressthePlaybuttontoreviewyourimages.
Whilethesearethemostimportantthingstoset,itsagoodideatofamiliarize
yourselfwithallofyourcamerasmenusandfunctions.
PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
CommonFileFormats
Jpegs-.jpgCanbereadbyanycomputer.Compressesyourfilestomakethemmore
mobile.RepeatedlyopeningandsavingofjpegfilesinPhotoshopresultsincompression
witheachsave,whichwilleventuallyresultincompromisedimagequality.
RAWfilesNikon.nef,Canon.cr2,Olympus.orfCanonlybereadbyPhotoshop,
Lightroom,orotherRawreadingsoftware.Doesnotcompressfiles.Giveyouthebest
filecontrols.
Photoshopfiles-.psdCanonlybereadbyPhotoshop.Doesnotcompressyourfile.
Keepsallofyourlayerinfo.
DigitalNegativefiles-.dng-UniversaldigitalnegativefilecreatedbyPhotoshop,
typicallyusedinpostproduction.FunctionslikeaRAWfile.Doesnotcompressfiles.Give
youthebestfilecontrols.
TIFF-.tifCanbereadbyanycomputer.Doesnotcompressyourfiles.Greatfor
printing.
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
DIGITALIMAGINGWORKFLOWANDFILEMANAGEMENT
Workingdigitallyallowsyoutogeneratealargenumberoffiles.Howyouorganizeand
storeyourfilesisimportant.Belowisalistofstepstohelpyoubetterorganizeyourdigitalworld.Youwillnoticethatthesestepsareoftenredundantinordertobest
protectyourimagesfromaccidentaland/orcatastrophicloss.
1.ImageCaptureTypicallywithacameraorscanner.
2.DownloadingorImporting.
--DownloadorImportyourdigitalphotographsfromyourcamerasmemory
cardtoyourfolderonyourcomputer.Usingacardreadersometimesspeedsupthis
processanddoesntuseyourcamerasbatterypowertotransferfiles(insteadof
captureimages).Backupyourimagesonsomethingreliableyourflashdrive,your
externalharddrive,aCD,oraDVD.Dontleavethingsontheschoolscomputers.
BackupyourimagesBEFOREyoureformatyourmemorycard.
--Importyourscannedimages(fromnegatives,slides,photographs,orotherflat
artwork).Scanningisamoredeliberateprocessthandownloadingdigitalcamera
capturesanditcanbeatime-consumingprocess.Saveeachimport,orrawscan,as
yougo.Backupyourinitialrawscans.
3.Organizeyourimages.UseBridgetoorganizeyourdigitalphotographs.Takethe
timetoorganizeyourshotsitwillhelpyouinthelongrun.
4.ImageEditing.ThisstepincludesalloftheCameraRawandPhotoshopworkthatyoudotoyourimage(s)whetheritbeasimplecroporelaborateimagecombinations(image
editinghasitsownworkflowseeImageEditingWorkflow).
5.Output.Generallyspeaking,thisreferstoprinting.Youwillbeprintingyourfinished
workatadeterminedimagesizeandresolutiononnicequalitypaperwithEpson
pigmentbasedinksinourEpsonprinters.Outputmayalsorefertoavarietyofweb-
basedordigitalpresentationapplicationssuchas:flickr,facebook,tumblr,Powerpoint,
orQuicktimemovies.Essentially,outputisacatchalltermforwhatyoudowithyour
finishedimages.
6.Archiving.Thistermreferstohowyoustoreyourfinishedwork.Printsshouldbe
storedinanarchivalenvironmentsuchasprintsleeves,mats,and/orprintstorage
boxes.YourdigitalfilesshouldbestoredonCDs,DVDs,flashdrives,and/orexternal
harddrives.Protectthesedisksanddrives.Dontstoreyourimagesinonlyoneplace
(likeyourcomputersharddrive).AsImsureyouareaware,computersand
promiscuousflashdrivesaresusceptibletoavarietyofnastythingsthatcaneraseyour
images.
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
IMAGEEDITINGWORKFLOW
IMPORTYOURPHOTOS1. Connectyourcameraorcardreaderwithmemorycardtoyourcomputer.
2. OpenBridge,gotoFileGetPhotosfromCamera.MakesureyourcameraormemorycardisselectedintheSourcemenu.
3. ConfirmorSelectthefollowingoptions(SeeIllustration):a. Location:selectChoose.NavigatetotheTemporaryStoragedriveOur
classNewFoldertypeYourNameandclickChoose.
b. CustomSubfolder(s):CustomNameTypeindesiredname(ex:Assignment
c. RenameFiles:DoNotRenameFilesd. CheckPreserveCurrentFilenameinXMPe. MakesuretoCheckOpeninAdobeBridgef. DonotcheckConverttoDNGorDeleteOriginalFilesg. Optional,butexcellentidea(backupyourfilestoanotherdrivewhileyou
import!):checkSaveCopiesTo:clickChooselocateyourdriveandclick
Choose
4. ClickGetMediaorGetPhotos
OPENINCAMERARAW(*andconverttoblackandwhite*)
1. InBridge,reviewandrate(withStars)yourimages.Selecttheimagesyouwishtoworkon.OpentheminCameraRaw(FileOpeninCameraRaw)
2. *BlackandWhiteconversion:ClickSelectAllintheupperleft.Onthelowerrightwindow,slideDesaturateallthewaytotheleft.(SeeIllustration) *
3. **ClickonthehighlightedtextinthecenterbottomoftheCameraRawwindow.Confirmand/orsetthefollowingWorkflowOptions(SeeIllustration):**
a. Space:AdobeRGB(1998)b. Depth:16Bits/Channelc. Size:(leaveasis)d. Resolution:240pixels/inche. SharpenFor:Nonef. CheckOpeninPhotoshopasSmartObjectsg. ClickOK
4. ***PerformalldesirededitstoimagesinCameraRawincluding:cropping,whitebalance,exposureadjustments,inputsharpening,etc. ***
5. ClickOpenObjecttoopenyourimagesinPhotoshop(andskiptoStep3below)
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WORKINGONSELECTEDIMAGES(thathavealreadybeenimportedtoyourcomputer)
1. OpenBridge.Ifyourimagesareonanexternaldeviceyoushouldtransferthemtotheappropriatefolderonyourcomputerbeforeopeningyourcomputerwillbe
happierifyoudo.
2.
InBridge,reviewandrate(withStars)yourimages.Selecttheimagesyouwishtoworkon.OpentheminCameraRaw(FileOpeninCameraRaw)
3. ***PerformalldesirededitstoimagesinCameraRawincluding:cropping,whitebalance,exposureadjustments,inputsharpening,etc. ***
4. ClickOpenObjecttoopenyourimagesinPhotoshop
5. ***Adjustandassembleyourimage(s).ThisstepincludesanyandallPhotoshopmanipulations:retouching,furthercropping,adjustmentlayers,additionoftext,
collage,paths,masks,etc.***
6. Sharpeningforoutput(asSmartObjects).Yourimagesshouldhaveopenedas
SmartObjects,butifnot,convertbackgroundtoaSmartObject.Sharpenyour
imageusingUnsharpMaskFilter(underFilterSharpen).Besubtlehere:40-80%,
Radius1,Threshold0isagoodstartingpointformostphotographicimagery.
Renamethefilterwiththeamountofsharpeningused.Ifyouarecombiningmore
thanoneimageyoumaywanttoapplysharpeningtoeachimage,orelementwithin
animage.
7. ImageSize.SetyourImageSizeandResolutiontoyourdesiredoutputsize(idealoutputresolutionformostprintingneedsis240-360dpiandformostweb-based
needsis72-150ppi).TochecktheMAXIMUMDocumentSizeatwhichyoucan printyourimageandavoidupsamplinggototheImageSizedialogbox,uncheck
ResampleImage,enterthedesiredResolution,andthelargestDocumentSize
possiblewillappear.Reducingthatsizewillnothurtimagequalityincreasingit
will(ormight).
8. SAVEYOURWORK!!!!Dothisoftenasyougoalong!
9. Outputyourimagesasprintsand/orontheweb.
*Wewillstartthesemesterworkinginblackandwhite.Ifyouareworkingincoloryoumay
skipthisstep.**Typically,youshouldonlyhavetosetthisonce.However,sincewesharethese
computers,pleasegetintothehabitofcheckingthesesettingsregularly.
***Thesestepsinvolvethebulkoftheimageeditingtechniquescoveredinthiscourse.
ThisWorkflowismeanttofunctionasaguidelinewewillspendconsiderabletimegoing
overthesesteps.
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
10/15
PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
WORKINGONYOURIMAGES(IMAGEEDITING)
Typically,youwillopenyourimagesinCameraRawpriortoopeningtheminPhotoshop.SomeofyourimageeditingwillbedoneinCameraRawandsomeinPhotoshop.Many
ofthestepscanbedoneineitherplace.CAMERARAWWORKFLOW
1. FromBridge,openyourimage(s)inCameraRaw
2. Cropandmakeadjustmentsusingthetoolsacrossthetopofthewindow.(ManyofthesecanbedoneinPhotoshopaswell)
3. BasicTab:SetWhiteBalanceandmakeadjustmentstoExposure
4. ContrastCurveadjustment,InputSharpening,Coloradjustments,SplittoningsomeofthesecanalsobedoneinPhotoshop,accordingtoyourspecificneeds
orpreferences.
5. LensCorrectionsallowsforminorcorrectionofdistortionandcolorfringinginyourimages.
6. SaveImageand/orOpenObjectinPhotoshop.Continueeditingaccordingtoinstructionsbelow.
PHOTOSHOPWORKFLOW
1. Openyourimage(s)inPhotoshop
2. RotateandCropyourimageasneeded.
3. AdjustmentLayers.Theselayersaffectalllayersthatappearbelowthemonthelayerspaletteortheycanbeclippedtospecificlayers.Theyallowyoutogoback
andaltertheeffectstheycreate.MakeanAdjustmentLayerforeachofthefollowing:
a.AdjustoverallimagebrightnessandcontrastusingLevelsorCurves
b.AdjusttheoverallcolorbalanceofyourimageusingLevelsorCurves
4. Retouchyourimageasneededusingtheappropriatetoolontheappropriatelayer(clonestamp,healingbrush,etc.)
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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5. Fine-tunelocalareas:adjustlocalareastoimprovebrightness,contrast,color,ofothereffects.
6. Applyfiltersifnecessaryordesired.
7. SAVEYOURIMAGE.ThisisyourmasterPhotoshopfile.Futurealterationswillbemadefromthisversion.
8. Sharpeningforoutput(asSmartObjects).YourimagesshouldhaveopenedasSmartObjects,butifnot,convertbackgroundtoaSmartObject.Sharpenyour
imageusingUnsharpMaskFilter(underFilterSharpen).Besubtlehere:40-
80%,Radius1,Threshold0isagoodstartingpointformostphotographic
imagery.Renamethefilterwiththeamountofsharpeningused.Ifyouare
combiningmorethanoneimageyoumaywanttoapplysharpeningtoeach
image,orelementwithinanimage.
9. Resizeyourimageforspecificuse.SetyourImageSizeandResolutiontoyourdesiredoutputsize(idealoutputresolutionformostprintingneedsis240-360
dpiandformostweb-basedneedsis72-150ppi).TochecktheMAXIMUM
DocumentSizeatwhichyoucanprintyourimageandavoidupsamplinggoto
theImageSizedialogbox,uncheckResampleImage,enterthedesired
Resolution,andthelargestDocumentSizepossiblewillappear.Reducingthat
sizewillnothurtimagequalityincreasingitwill(ormight).
10.SAVEthisversionofyourimagesaswell.Remember:Saveearly,saveoften.p
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
Howtocheckforlargestfilesizeandoptimumresolutionfordigitalimages
IfyourknowledgeabouttheImageSizedialogboxinPhotoshopisalittlehazy,herearesometipsforcheckingyourresolutionatyourdesiredimagesize.
1. OpentheImageSizedialogbox.
2. Lookatyourfilesize,orPixelDimension(Mformegabytes),DocumentSize(inches),andResolution(Pixels/Inch).
3. Toseehowlargeyoucanmakeyourimagesizeatyourdesiredoutputresolution(usually72-150ppiforwebusageand240-360ppiforprinting)UNCHECK(turn
off)ResampleImageandtypeinyourdesiredoutputresolution.YourDocument
Sizewillchange,yourFileSizewillnot.ThisDocumentSizeisthelargestthat
youcanprintwithoutsufferingfromresolutionand/orpixelationissues.
4. Remember:formostprintapplications,thereisvirtuallynodifferenceinprintqualitybetween240dpiand360dpi.So,instep3,if360ppiisntgivingyouthe
imagesizeyouwant,try300ppi,or240ppi.
Thereisnogettingaroundlowresolution;itissomethingthathastobeaddressedwhen
youinitiallycreateyourimage(incamera,viascanner,etc.).Thisisthereasonwhy
imagesdownloadedfromwebsitesaretypicallynotsuitableforprintingthemajority
ofthemareat72ppi,regardlessofimagesize,inordertokeepthefilesizesmallenoughtomovethemaroundtheweb.
Remember:GARBAGEIN,GARBAGEOUT
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
Astopisastopisastop...(seep.98)
Standardf/stops:1.422.8 4 5.6 8 11 16 22 32(seep.56)
Goingfromoneaperturetothenextbiggest(smallernumber)letsintwiceas
muchlight(ie:5.6to4).
Goingfromoneaperturetothenextsmallest(biggernumber)letsinhalfas
muchlight.(ie:8to11)
ShutterSpeeds:24 8 15 30 60 125 250 5001000
(seep.84)
Goingfromonespeedtothenextlowestletsintwiceasmuchlight(ie:60to30).
Goingfromonespeedtothenexthighestletsinhalfasmuchlight(ie:60to
125).
ISO: 100 200 400 800 1600 3200640012800
(seep.101)
Smallernumber=lesslight-sensitive=slower(alsolessnoise)
Biggernumber=morelight-sensitive=fasterfilm(alsomorenoise)
GoingfromonespeedtothenexthighestspeedgivesyouanISOthatistwiceas
fastandtwiceaslight-sensitive(ie:200to400).
Goingfromonespeedtothenextlowestspeedgivesyouafilmthatishalfas
fastandhalfaslight-sensitive(ie:800to400).
Thetermstopisequivalentforeachoftheabovesettings.ChangingISOfrom200to
400isequivalenttochangingtheshutterspeedtoonestopfasterorclosingthe
apertureonestop.
ForExample:
ISO200shotat1/60@f/4isequalto
ISO400shotat1/125@f/4
isequalto
ISO400shotat1/60@f/5.6
7/29/2019 Photography I Handouts
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PhotoI(AR1710)
EdwardStapel
Basicguidelinesforbasicsettings...
Landscapes:Usuallyalargedepthoffieldisdesiredforlandscapephotographsrequiringtheneedforsmallapertures---f/11,f/16,f/22
Portraits:Usuallyasmallerdepthoffieldisdesiredinordertoisolatethesubjectfrom
thebackground---f/2,f/2.8,f.4
Freezingmotion:Requirestheuseoffastshutterspeeds---1/250,1/500,1/1000,or
higher
Blurringmotion:Requirestheuseofslowershutterspeeds---1/15,1/8,1/4,orslower,
includingtheBulb(B)setting
Brightsunnyscenes:Requiresbothfastshutterspeedsandsmallapertures(bigf/
numbers
Lowlightorindoorscenes:Requiresbothslowshutterspeedsandbigapertures(littlef/
numbers)
Basiccompositionalelements...
Ruleofthirds:Placesubjectoff-centerinframe,eitherleftorrightortoporbottom
Horizonline:Avoidputtinghorizonlineinthecenteroftheframe,tryabovecenterto
bringmoreemphasistoforegroundorbelowcentertobringemphasistosky
PerspectiveorPointofView:Tryshootingyoursubjectfromaboveorbelowasopposed
toeyelevel
Background:Beawareofelementsinthebackgroundofyourimagesthatmaydistracttheviewerfromyoursubject
Framing:Bringattentiontoyoursubjectbyframingitwithotherelements
Line:Theeyewillfollowthelinesofelementswithinyourimage,usethistobring
attentiontoyoursubject
ShapeandPattern:Repeatedshapesandpatternscancreateinterestinggraphic
elementsinyourimages
LightandDark:Usecontrastingareasoflightanddarkand/orrakinglightto
emphasizespecificsubjects