Phonology I Workshop 1 -First Presentation

7/31/2019 Phonology I Workshop 1 -First Presentation

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Although the English alphabet has 26

letters, English speakers producemore than 40 sounds

Phoneme: The smallest linguistic unitof sound that can bring about achange in meaning in a language

Bid, dead, bed, bad, bud, bard

Como, coma, cima,


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4. Sounds and spelling

In some languages, there iscorrelation between sounds andspelling.

In English, 1 sound many spellings/V / in different spellings (won,young, funny, flood)

1 spelling many sounds can be pronounced in

different ways (enough, through,though, journey)


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An overview of the IPA symbolsfor English phonemes

/p/ pen, spin, tip

/b/ but, web

/t/ two, sting, bet

/d/ do, odd/t/ chair, nature, teach

/d/ gin, joy, edge

/k/ cat, kill, skin, queen

// go, get, beg/f/ fool, enough, leaf

/v/ voice, have

// thing, teeth

// this, breathe, father

/s/ see, city, pass

/z zoo, rose

//she, sure, emotion,leash

// pleasure, beige/h/ ham

/m/ man, ham

/n/ no, tin

// singer, ring

/l/ left, bell

/r/ run, very

/w/ we

/j/ yes


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/i/ see

// Sit, bit, little

/e/ bed

// Bad, bat, cat, ran

// arm

// not, wasp

// law, caught

// put, wood

/u/ soon, through

// Bud, cut, run, enough

// Bird, hurt, herd// About, complete, ability


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Sound-Spelling Rules

Rule of Plural morpheme s es

Rule of past tense morpheme ed

Rule of Present tense morpheme, 3rdperson singular s, -es

Rule of genitive s


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Weakening

You, he, she,we, you; me, him, her, us, them Are, Does, do, Have, has Was, were a/an The, Some At, to, from, of, as There is, There are, there was, There were; theres That Must,can Who than


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Strong Forms

Arent Doesnt, dont Werent Wasnt Havent Hasnt Mustnt Cant

Q Tags Short answers with ellipsis: Yes, they are. Etc Indirect questions: I dont know where they are/

if she does.


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Organs of speech (vowels)

Front, centre, back

mm


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Organs of speech (consonants)

(vellum)

Tip, blade, centre, back


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The vocal folds in the larynx

Vibrating

loosely

together


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Voicing

Voicing: the vocal folds vibrate, producing voice

Consonants are either [+V] or [-V]

Voiced consonants areproduced with vocal foldvibration/

Voiceless consonants areproduced without vocal foldactivity, no voice

/p, t, k


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Force of articulation: Lenition v.fortition

Lenis consonants

Fortis consonants


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Place of articulation

The place where the articulationtakes place- two articulatorsparticipate in an obstruction of

airstream, or narrowing, orapproximation.

Used to classify consonants, e.g. If

the articulation involves the alveolarridge, the consonant it said to bealveolar; vellum (soft palate) velar

consonants


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Manner of articulation

Plosives

FricativesAffricatesNasals

LateralsApproximants


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The choice of a model

Models of standard English: SBE (RP) andGA

(norma culta)

French: lle de France German: Hochdeutsch Italian: Tuscany Italian Etc. UK: RP SBE USA: GA


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Non-standard forms

No subimoal bondita luego

Toy Vamo

Pollo/poyo/posho Yo yerba LlameYa!! Allophone versus phoneme


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How to Learn Pronunciation

1. Listen, listen, listen! (analytic listening)2. Minimal pairs3. Phonemic transcription4. Read aloud often; TV, books on tape;

Internet resources

5. Think before you speak: Rehearsedspeech: Think, mentally project sounds,open your mouth!!


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Classroom Considerations 2

It is important to first develop orallanguage skills.

Phonological awareness skillsshould be taught orally withoutprint.

Phonological awareness traininghelps children learn vocabulary andreading skills.


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Problems in English

Homographs (read and read)

Homophones (red and read)

Differs from language to language

http://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/phono.html
http://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/phono.htmlhttp://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/phono.htmlhttp://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/phono.htmlhttp://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/phono.html

Documents

Phonology I Workshop 1 -First Presentation