PhonicsAnn Morrison, Ph.D.

Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Phonics The intersection of

Phonological Awareness and Print Awareness

Alphabetics Sight Words Onset-Rime Morphology Orthography

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Adam

s, 19

90

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Morriso

n, 2

01

1

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Alphabetics Letter sounds Sounds of letter combinations

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Phonics Teaching Sequence Letter identification Letter sounds 2 letter blending and segmenting (cv or

vc) cvc blending and segmenting ccvc, cvcc, cvcv blending and

segmenting

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Try this… Using the magnetic letter boards, teach

the phonics sequence to your neighbor Before you begin, select just a few

letters to focus on Make sure to include an e and one other

vowel, so you can make cvce words

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Reading Efficiency

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Efficient Reading In order for older students to become

efficient readers, they need to read words in chunks or by whole word rather than sound-by-sound

Rapid naming: Measure of reading efficiency Test of how quickly a child can name letters

or colors Fluency tests, such as letter naming fluency,

oral reading fluency, etc

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Sight Words v. High Frequency Words

Sight Words Difficult to decode

using rules of English, don’t “play by the rules”

Can also be high frequency

Read as whole words

High Frequency Words

Decodable Are used most

frequently in a given context

Can also be sight words

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Sight and High Frequency Words These terms are often used

interchangeably, but they aren’t necessarily the same things

Both lead to reading fluency which increases reading comprehension

Reading fluency: Reading with speed, accuracy, and prosody

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Sight Words Sound out these words:

The One Sure Wild

Using the regular rules for decoding doesn’t lead to accurate pronunciation of the word

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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High Frequency Words Lists of most frequently used words Dolch list, Fry list Organized by age and grade progression

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Onset-Rime If a child knows the word found, they

will be able to read the word round more easily

Word families Onset is the consonant before the first

vowel Rime is everything after the first vowel Example:

Str-ay, fr-ay, pl-ay

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Morphology Morpheme: the smallest unit of a word

that has meaning Prefixes and suffixes

Tricycle Redirected

Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Syllables A syllable is a unit of organization for a

sequence of speech sounds Comprised by a vowel and one or more

consonants May, but do not necessarily, have

meaning when standing alone

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Syllable Types Closed syllable: cat Open syllable: me V-e syllable: cake -le syllable: puzzle R-controlled syllable: burn Double vowel syllables: boat

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Orthography Describes the graphemes, diacritics,

and punctuation used in a language and rules for writing these symbols

More commonly defined as “common spelling patterns”, but actually includes more

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Consonants Consonant digraphs…sounds represented by

letter combinations at the beginning of words like ship, chip, thin and whip, and at the end of click and sing

Consonant blends…the initial sound combinations at the beginning of words like stop, tree, black, flag, and at the end of send and left

Silent letters…letters that have no corresponding sound in words such as the k in knead the b in lamb

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Ann Morrison, Ph.D.

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Vowels Short vowels…vowel sounds that occur in words

like cat /a/ hen /e/ pig /i/ dog /o/ and bug /u/ Long vowels…vowel sounds that occur in words

like ate /ā/ eat /ē / ice /ī/ oat /ō/ and use /ū/ Vowel digraphs…two vowel letters that make a

single vowel sound such as the /ŏ/ in boat or the /ŏŏ/ in good

Vowel diphthongs…two vowel letters that make a blended or glided sound such as the oi in boil and the ou in shout

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